Technology Impacts on the Australian Workforce - March 2020 - ACS
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March 2020 Technology Impacts on the Australian Workforce Prepared by Faethm
About ACS ACS is the professional association for Australia’s Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector. More than 44,000 ACS members work in business, education, government and the community. ACS exists to create the environment and provide the opportunities for members and partners to succeed. ACS strives for ICT professionals to be recognised as drivers of innovation in our society, relevant across all sectors, and to promote the formulation of effective policies on ICT and related matters. Visit acs.org.au for more information.
Foreword
Australian workers are feeling the economies have announced
effects of emerging technologies over AU$86 billion in focused
across industries. As jobs are AI programs and activities in
augmented by technology, recent years. This includes
tasks performed across the China (>AU$25b), the United
labour market are evolving at States (>AU$15b), Germany
an unprecedented rate, driving (>AU$4.7b), South Korea
demand for new skillsets. (>$3.9b), France (>$2.3b), the
United Kingdom (>$1.6b), Japan
Anecdotally, there seems to be
(>$1.6b) and Canada (>$1b).
much upside for our nation.
Australia’s relatively modest
Andrew Johnson That said, there are clear barriers investment stands at $60m.
Chief Executive Officer, that need to be addressed.
This ACS commissioned research
ACS Australia was ranked 93rd was undertaken by Harbour City
in the Harvard study on Labs resident Faethm, a Software
the sophistication of global as a Service Artificial Intelligence
economies. The Harvard platform delivering data, analytics
researchers use the diversity and insights on the impact of
and sophistication of a emerging technologies. The
country’s know-how to explain research methodology looks at the
differences in country incomes. technology adoption and s-curves
across 17 technology categories.
In work undertaken with Deloitte
Access Economics, there is a In addition to occupations and
forecast shortfall of 100,000 tech skills requirement forecasts,
workers in Australia over the next we also wanted to explore the
five years just to keep pace with degree to which imbalances
current demand. Those available might exist between the
skills would need to be doubled
adaptability and future-readiness
to 200,000 to be on par world-
of workers across industries.
leading digital economies such
as the United Kingdom. The outcomes tabled in our
Technology Impacts on the
This is compounded by
Australian Workforce report
Australia’s under-investment
provide deep insights for
in Artificial Intelligence
businesses to inform future
relative to other nations.
workforce development plans,
Australia’s Artificial Intelligence as well as for policy makers
Roadmap developed by CSIRO’s to maximise the participation
Data61 for the Australian rate of all citizens in the
Government, highlighted that 14 opportunities afforded by the
of the world’s most advanced Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Contents
02
Industry
Analysis 13
04
About Faethm 96
01 03
Key
Findings 6
Methodology86
01
Key Findings
6
The next 15 years will present significant
opportunities and challenges for the
Australian workforce
The technological advancement brought on by the Fourth Industrial Revolution will bring unprecedented
change to work as we know it. Whilst some roles and industries will be augmented by technology, others
will be more susceptible to automation.
By 2034 we predict:
► Automation will displace 2.7 million Australian workers
21% of the workforce
► Technology will augment 4.5 million Australian workers
leading to a 15% capacity uplift to Australian businesses
2034
~7.2
MILLION
IMPACTED
Education and re-skilling the
workforce is crucial to prevent long-
term structural unemployment and
rising inequality.
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 7
Whilst all states
KEY ROLE IMPACT
in Australia will Truck Drivers 18.7K FTE Automated
be impacted
by technology, LARGEST INDUSTRY IMPACT
Public Administration and Safety
key roles and 3.2K Automated 8.0K Augmented
industries differ FINANCIAL SERVICES ROLE IMPACT
Bank Workers 11.6K Automated
in the extent of
impact KEY ROLE IMPACT
Accountants 1.4K FTE Automated
The technological advancement brought on
by the 4th industrial revolution will bring
unprecedented change to work as we know
it. Whilst some roles and industries will be
augmented by technology, others will be
more susceptible to automation.
KEY ROLE IMPACT
Metal Fabricators & Fitters
7.4K FTE Automated
KEY ROLE IMPACT
Sales Assistants (General)
11.2K Automated
KEY ROLE IMPACT
Nurses 41.8K FTE Augmented
LARGEST INDUSTRY IMPACT
Retail Trade 8.5K Automated 10.4K Augmented
8
There are 2.7 million people at risk of
automation across Australia over the
next 15 years
The impact of technology over the next 15 years differs based on the industry.
Health Care & Social Assistance 50% 39% 11% 1.83M
Retail & Wholesale Trade 39% 34% 27% 1.67M
Education & Training 54% 39% 7% 1.22M
Construction 45% 30% 25% 1.16M
Accommodation & Food Services 46% 32% 22% 1.03M
Professional, Scientific & Technic.. 40% 41% 19% 0.95M
Public, Administration & Safety 45% 38% 17% 0.90M
Manufacturing 37% 33% 30% 0.64M
Transport, Postal & Warehousing 40% 26% 33% 0.59M
Other Services 47% 35% 19% 0.47M
Administrative & Support Services 38% 29% 33% 0.43M
IMPACT LEGEND
Financial & Insurance Services 35% 34% 31% 0.35M Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 46% 22% 32% 0.31M
Rental, Hiring & Real Estate Servic.. 45% 37% 17% 0.21M
Mining 41% 34% 25% 0.20M
Information, Media & Telecommu.. 40% 42% 18% 0.18M
Arts & Recreational Services 56% 31% 14% 0.17M
Electricity, Gas, Water & Water S.. 42% 33% 25% 0.11M
KEY FINDINGS:
2.7 million people are at risk of automation over the next 15 years, 56% of which are male. Admin and
Support Services has the highest automation rate while Information, Media and Telecommunications is
the most augmentable.
PEOPLE IMPACT TECH IMPACT
1.2M 1.5M
2.7M
TOTAL AUTOMATABLE
35%
AUGMENTABLE
21%
AUTOMATABLE
15%
CAPACITY GAIN
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 9
By 2034, a labour force gap of 700K
could exist while 400K people could
face structural unemployment as they
are unable to adapt to changing job
requirements
The Australian labour force is changing and the demand for labour will outstrip projected workforce
growth: an additional 700K people may be required by 2034 to maintain a constant GDP growth rate of
3.2% over the next 15 years. This demand, in addition to the required re-allocation of the automated
workforce into safer/future roles, will require an agile workforce to take advantage of new job creation
driving growth and reducing the impact of unemployment. Based on our prediction of preparedness and
agility, we estimate that under the current circumstances, Australia will be able to capture 85% of the
potential new jobs created by technological advancements. This could result in structural unemployment
of nearly 400K people.
CAPTURING THE BENEFITS OF AUTOMATION
15.0M
Estimated
14.0M labour
force
growth of New
2019 Workforce 1.9M job
13.0M
creation
of 5.3M
Labour Supply Labour Demand Reduction
12.0M
of 2.7M
jobs
11.0M
due to
automation
10.0M
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034
IMPACT LEGEND
Unimpacted Displaced New jobs Labour force
people people gap
10Technology adoption and implementation
could lead to an additional 1.2 million
new tech jobs by 2034
The impact of technology on growth and new job creation over the next 15 years differs based on the industry.
Health Care & Social Assistance -0.2M 1.6M 0.2M 1.1M
Education & Training 1.1M 0.6M
Retail & Wholesale Trade -0.5M 1.2M 0.2M 0.3M
Construction -0.3M 0.9M 0.4M
Accommodation & Food Services -0.2M 0.8M 0.4M
Professional, Scientific & Technic.. -0.2M 0.8M 0.4M
Public, Administration & Safety 0.7M 0.2M
Manufacturing -0.2M 0.4M
Transport, Postal & Warehousing -0.2M 0.4M
Other Services 0.3M
Administrative & Support Services 0.3M
Financial & Insurance Services 0.2M
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 0.2M
Rental, Hiring & Real Estate Servic.. 0.2M
Arts & Recreational Services 0.2M
Information, Media & Telecommu.. 0.1M
IMPACT LEGEND
Automatable Unimpacted* New Tech New Non-Tech
Mining 0.1M
*Automation % differs to rest of the report as is based on
Electricity, Gas, Water & Water S.. the 2034 grown workforce not current workforce.
KEY FINDINGS:
Over the next 15 years, an additional 5.3M new jobs could be added to the Australian economy, 22% of
these being tech jobs required to support technology adoption and implementation. Health Case and
Social Assistance is the industry with the highest job growth rate while Finance and Insurance Services
has the highest proportion of new technology jobs.
PEOPLE IMPACT INDUSTRY GROWTH
5.3M 15% 22%
1.2M 4.1M
TECH NON-TECH
NEW TECH JOBS NEW NON-TECH JOBS
JOBS JOBS
NEW JOBS
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 11The impact of automation on men and
women is not equal
35% | 63k | 26% | 45K 23% | 100k | 16% | 84K 28% | 33k | 25% | 257K
Financial Services Processional, Scientific Construction
and Insurance and Technical Services
The gender composition of roles
within an industry is key to
understanding the differing impact
of technology by gender.
For example, in the Financial Services and Insurance industry, the
over-representation of women in positions such as customer service
representatives, administrative or clerk position drives the higher level
of automation among females. By comparison, males are more likely
to be found in senior management or technical roles. These positions
experience higher levels of augmentation rather than automation.
1202
Industry Analysis
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 13Accommodation and Food Services - long
term (15 years)
The impact of automation and augmentation differs based on underlying skills and activities for each role.
TECHNOLOGY IMPACT ON 10 MOST COMMON ROLES AT YEAR 15
Waiters 47% 34% 19% 139.8K
Bar Attendants and Baristas 44% 43% 13% 107.7K
Kitchenhands 38% 17% 45% 107.5K
Sales Assistants (General) 42% 37% 20% 106.5K
Chefs 68% 31% 96.6K
Cafe & Restaurant Managers 51% 36% 13% 66.0K
Fast Food Cooks 36% 20% 44% 48.6K
Cooks 35% 53% 39.3K
Retail Managers 44% 37% 19% 35.9K
IMPACT LEGEND
Cafe Workers 47% 34% 19% 32.9K Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
TECHNOLOGY IMPACT ON 10 MOST COMMON ROLES AT YEAR 15
Process Automation Fixed Robotics Mobile Robotics Collaborative Robotics
0K 50k 100K 150K 200K 250K 300K 350K
No. impacted employees
KEY FINDINGS:
222K people are at risk of automation over the next 15 years, 57% of which are female. Roles in
the Accommodation and Food Services industry are more subject to augmentation rather than
automation.
PEOPLE IMPACT TECH IMPACT
126K 97K
222K
TOTAL AUTOMATABLE
32%
AUGMENTABLE
22%
AUTOMATABLE
13%
CAPACITY GAIN
14Some roles can be more easily automated while other roles are more susceptible to augmentation.
JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUTOMATION JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUGMENTATION
Yr 10 49% 14% 38% 107.5K Yr 10 56% 34% 10% 107.7K
Kitchenhands Bar Attendants
and Baristas
Yr 15 38% 17% 45% 107.5K Yr 15 44% 43% 13% 107.7K
Yr 10 49% 16% 35% 48.6K Yr 10 47% 44% 9% 39.3K
Fast Food Cooks Cooks
Yr 15 36% 20% 44% 48.6K Yr 15 35% 53% 12% 39.3K
Checkout Yr 10 45% 23% 32% 18.9K Yr 10 63% 31% 27.4K
Operators Hotel and
and Office Motel Managers
Cashiers Yr 15 39% 23% 38% 18.9K Yr 15 54% 38% 8% 27.4K
Yr 10 52% 16% 32% 17.8K Yr 10 63% 31% 8.2K
Receptionists Hotel Service
Managers
Yr 15 42% 17% 42% 17.8K Yr 15 54% 38% 8% 8.2K
Yr 10 43% 26% 31% 12.2K Yr 10 50% 32% 19% 4.1K
Delivery Drivers Bakers and
Pastrycooks
Yr 15 32% 28% 40% 12.2K Yr 15 36% 38% 26% 4.1K
IMPACT LEGEND
Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
KEY FINDINGS:
Fast food cooks are the most automatable role with an estimated 21K people at risk.
Cooks are the most augmentable role with the potential to augment 21K people.
JOB FAMILY ANALYSIS
Of the top 25 roles in this industry, they also have a presence in other industries.
• The top 3 industries for these roles are:
▫ Retail and Wholesale Trade: 37%
▫ Health Care and Social Assistance: 7.8%
▫ Administrative and Support Services: 4.4%
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 15Re-skilling and transition potential
exists from high risk Accommodation and
Food Service jobs to low risk jobs
The following re-skilling pathways are available to transition at risk workers to less automatable
target careers. Many at risk professionals have transferrable skills, and need to only focus on skill and
knowledge gaps to transition to new, lower risk, occupations.
EXAMPLE PATHWAYS DETAILED TRANSITION PATHWAY
Current job (Risk at year 15) → Future job (more secure) JOB
Kitchenhand Kitchenhands
Visual Merchandiser
(84.0 pivot score) Automatable 45%
45% AUTOMATABALE Augmentable 17%
48.4K people at risk Dietetic Technician
107.5K people in job (81.2 pivot score)
School Teacher JOB CORRIDOR
(76.9 pivot score)
Visual Merchandiser
Personal Care Consultants
Receptionist Home Health Aide
Speech Pathology Assistant
(89.1 pivot score) Dietetic Technician
42% AUTOMATABALE School Teacher
7.4K people at risk Physical Therapist Aide
17.8K people in job (83.6 pivot score)
Copy Writer KEY SKILL AND ABILITY
(74.8 pivot score)
KNOWLEDGE GAPS GAPS
Critical Thinking ▶
Delivery Driver Sales & Marketing ▶
Carers and Aides
(79.7 pivot score) Reading
▶
40% AUTOMATABALE Comprehension
4.9K people at risk Camera Operators, Design ▶
12.2K people in job Television and Motion
Picture Coordination ▶
(66.8 pivot score)
Clerical ▶
Solar Photovoltaic Installer Current Future
(65.0 pivot score)
▶
Ability Gap Ability
16Implementation of emerging technology
could lead to the generation of 92K new
technology jobs over the next 15 years
Over the next 15 years, an additional 454K jobs ADDITIONAL TECH JOBS REQUIRED (top 15)
could be added to the Accommodation and Food
Services Industry. This comprises of: Software Developers,
5.2K
Systems Software
• 20% or 92K technical jobs
Software Developers,
• 80% or 362K non-technical jobs Applications
5.2K
However during this period, 223K roles within
the industry could be automated by technology, Process Improvement 3.7K
Analysis
leading to a net increase of 23% or 232K roles
for the industry.
Data Engineers 3.6K
Infrastructure Services
MODELLED JOB GROWTH Analysts (IT) 3.2K
Starting Automatable Additional Total
Data Integrators 3.2K
Jobs in jobs by jobs by number
2019 2034 2034 of jobs in
2034 Data Scientists 3.0K
Tech
Data Analysts 2.8K
jobs
▶
92K Robotic Engineers 2.5K
362K 1,257K
1,025K 223K Strategy Analysts 2.3K
▶
Software Quality Assurance 2.3K
Non-Tech
Engineers and Testers
jobs
Security Testers 2.3K
Tester/Test Analysts 1.8K
Process Improvement 1.8K
Managers
Operations Research 1.8K
Analysts
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 17Administrative and Support Services -
long term (15 years)
The impact of automation and augmentation differs based on underlying skills and activities for each role.
TECHNOLOGY IMPACT ON 10 MOST COMMON ROLES AT YEAR 15
Commercial Cleaners 32% 28% 40% 80.8K
Domestic Cleaners 35% 28% 37% 43.2K
Human Resource
Professionals 45% 39% 16% 28.5K
Gardeners 41% 28% 32% 28.1K
Tourism and Travel Advisers 25% 31% 45% 26.2K
Cleaners and Laundry
Workers 35% 28% 37% 14.7K
Garden and Nursery
40% 27% 33% 13.6K
Labourers
General Clerks 39% 42% 12.3K
Housekeepers 35% 28% 37% 10.7K
IMPACT LEGEND
Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
Other Cleaners 40% 8.0K
TOP 5 TECHNOLOGIES AFFECTING THIS INDUSTRY AT YEAR 15
Mobile Robotics Navigation Robotics Process Automation Fixed Robotics
0K 20K 40K 60K 80K 100K 120K 140K 160K 180K
No. impacted employees
KEY FINDINGS:
141K people are at risk of automation over the next 15 years, 55% of which are female. Roles
in the Administrative and Support Services industry are more subject to automation rather than
augmentation.
PEOPLE IMPACT TECH IMPACT
78K 63K
141K
TOTAL AUTOMATABLE
29%
AUGMENTABLE
33%
AUTOMATABLE
12%
CAPACITY GAIN
18Some roles are more easily automated while other roles are more susceptible to augmentation.
JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUTOMATION JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUGMENTATION
Yr 10 35% 22% 43% 7.2K Yr 10 56% 35% 8% 28.5K
Human Resource
Packers Professionals
Yr 15 26% 25% 50% 7.2K Yr 15 45% 39% 16% 28.5K
Yr 10 47% 15% 38% 6.9K Yr 10 70% 28% 7.1K
Call or Contact Conference and
Centre Workers Event Organisers
Yr 15 37% 16% 47% 6.9K Yr 15 60% 37% 7.1K
Yr 10 39% 17% 44% 4.2K Advertising, Yr 10 67% 32% 5.0K
Public
Storepersons
Relations and
Yr 15 30% 18% 52% 4.2K Sales Managers Yr 15 56% 42% 5.0K
Yr 10 47% 18% 35% 4.1K Yr 10 68% 32% 4.4K
Human Resource
Receptionists Managers
Yr 15 36% 18% 46% 4.1K Yr 15 60% 39% 4.4K
Yr 10 36% 24% 40% 3.6K Yr 10 52% 28% 21% 4.3K
Keyboard Handypersons
Operators
Yr 15 28% 24% 49% 3.6K Yr 15 35% 36% 29% 4.3K
IMPACT LEGEND
Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
KEY FINDINGS:
Storepersons are the most automatable role with an estimated 2K people at risk.
Advertising, public relations and sales managers are the most augmentable role with the potential to
augment 2K people.
JOB FAMILY ANALYSIS
Of the top 25 roles in this industry, they also have a presence in other industries.
• The top 3 industries for these roles are:
▫ Healthcare and Social Assistance: 12.7%
▫ Retail and Wholesale Trade: 9.7%
▫ Public Administration and Safety: 4.4%
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 19Re-skilling and transition potential
exists from high risk Administrative and
Support Services jobs to low risk jobs
The following re-skilling pathways are available to transition at risk workers to less automatable
target careers. Many at risk professionals have transferrable skills, and need to only focus on skill and
knowledge gaps to transition to new, lower risk, occupations.
EXAMPLE PATHWAYS DETAILED TRANSITION PATHWAY
Current job (Risk at year 15) → Future job (more secure) JOB
Tourism & Tourism & Travel Adviser
Advertising Sales Agent
Travel Adviser (83.6 pivot score) Automatable 45%
45% AUTOMATABALE Augmentable 31%
11.7K people at risk Content Manager
26.2K people in job (76.7 pivot score)
Graphic & Web Designer JOB CORRIDOR
(73.1 pivot score)
Graphic and Web Designer
Advertising Sales Agent
Commercial Cleaner Social Media Specialist
Personal Care Consultant
(92.2 pivot score) Content Manager
40% AUTOMATABALE Programmatic Trader
32.2K people at risk Barber
80.8K people in job (83.4 pivot score)
Visual Merchandiser KEY SKILL AND ABILITY
(74.4 pivot score)
KNOWLEDGE GAPS GAPS
Speaking ▶
Gardener Design ▶
Solar Photovoltaic Installer
(62.1 pivot score) Operation Analysis ▶
32% AUTOMATABALE ▶
Fine Arts
8.9K people at risk Visual Merchandiser
28.1K people in job (59.4 pivot score) Instructing ▶
Computer &
Physical Medical Aide ▶
Electronics
(50.7 pivot score)
Current Future
▶
Ability Gap Ability
20Implementation of emerging technology
could lead to the generation of 44K new
technology jobs over the next 15 years
Over the next 15 years an additional 137K jobs ADDITIONAL TECH JOBS REQUIRED (top 15)
could be added to the Administrative and Support
Services Industry. This comprises of: Software Developers,
Systems Software 2.5K
• 32% or 44K technical jobs
Software Developers,
• 68% or 93K non-technical jobs Applications
2.5K
However during this period, 141K roles within
the industry could be automated by technology, Data Engineers 1.7K
leading to a net decrease of 1% or 4K roles for
the industry. Process Improvement
Analysis 1.6K
Infrastructure Services
MODELLED JOB GROWTH Analysts (IT)
1.5K
Starting Automatable Additional Total
Data Integrators 1.5K
Jobs in jobs by jobs by number
2019 2034 2034 of jobs in
2034 Data Scientists 1.4K
Tech
Robotic Engineers 1.3K
jobs
▶
Data Analysts 1.2K
44K
426K 141K 422K
93K Strategy Analysts 1.1K
▶
Software Quality Assurance 1.1K
Non-Tech Engineers and Testers
jobs
Security Testers 1.1K
Mechatronics Engineers 1.0K
Mechanical Engineers 1.0K
1.0K
Manufacturing Engineers
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 21Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing - long
term (15 years)
The impact of automation and augmentation differs based on underlying skills and activities for each role.
TECHNOLOGY IMPACT ON 10 MOST COMMON ROLES AT YEAR 15
Livestock Farmers 46% 22% 32% 90.3K
Crop Farmers 45% 19% 36% 50.6K
Mixed Crop and
Livestock Farmers 45% 19% 36% 31.7K
Livestock Farm Workers 41% 22% 32% 28.6K
Crop Farm Workers 45% 19% 36% 25.1K
Farmers and Farm
Managers 59% 33% 9% 9.4K
Agriculture, Forestry and
46% 24% 30% 8.4K
Horticultural Plant Operators
Garden and Nursery
46% 24% 30% 4.8K
Labourers
Packers 34% 22% 44% 4.7K
IMPACT LEGEND
Mixed Crop and Livestock Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
45% 19% 36% 3.8K
Farm Workers
TOP 5 TECHNOLOGIES AFFECTING THIS INDUSTRY AT YEAR 15
Navigation Robotics Process Automation Fixed Robotics Assistive Robotics
0K 10K 20K 30K 40K 50K 60K 70K 80K 90K 100K 110K 120K 130K
No. impacted employees
KEY FINDINGS:
99K people are at risk of automation over the next 15 years, 71% of which are male. Roles
in the Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing industry are more subject to automation rather than
augmentation.
PEOPLE IMPACT TECH IMPACT
28K 71K
99K
TOTAL AUTOMATABLE
22%
AUGMENTABLE
32%
AUTOMATABLE
8%
CAPACITY GAIN
22Some roles are more easily automated while other roles are more susceptible to augmentation.
JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUTOMATION JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUGMENTATION
Yr 10 58% 17% 25% 50.6K Yr 10 68% 27% 89.4K
Farmers and
Crop Farmers Farm Managers
Yr 15 45% 19% 36% 50.6K Yr 15 59% 33% 9% 9.4K
Yr 10 58% 17% 25% 25.1K Yr 10 70% 29% 1.9K
Crop Farm Agriculture and
Workers Forestry Scientists
Yr 15 45% 19% 36% 25.1K Yr 15 53% 44% 1.9K
Yr 10 43% 19% 38% 4.7K Yr 10 62% 26% 13% 1.4K
Forestry and
Packers Logging Workers
Yr 15 34% 22% 44% 4.7K Yr 15 41% 33% 26% 1.4K
Yr 10 46% 24% 30% 3.0K Meat, Poultry Yr 10 39% 23% 38% 1.3K
Truck Drivers and Seafood
Process Workers
Yr 15 35% 25% 40% 3.0K Yr 15 32% 26% 42% 1.3K
Yr 10 39% 23% 38% 1.3K Yr 10 45% 28% 28% 1.2K
Meat, Poultry and Metal Fitters and
Seafood Process Mechanists
Workers Yr 15 32% 26% 42% 1.3K Yr 15 35% 31% 34% 1.2K
IMPACT LEGEND
Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
KEY FINDINGS:
Packers are the most automatable role with an estimated 2K people at risk.
Agriculture and forestry scientists are the most augmentable role with the potential to augment 800 people.
JOB FAMILY ANALYSIS
Of the top 25 roles in this industry, they also have a presence in other industries.
• The top 3 industries for these roles are:
▫ Transport, Postal and Warehousing: 10.8%
▫ Construction: 8.5%
▫ Manufacturing: 7.6%
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 23Re-skilling and transition potential
exists from high risk Agriculture,
Forestry and Fishing jobs to low risk jobs
The following re-skilling pathways are available to transition at risk workers to less automatable
target careers. Many at risk professionals have transferrable skills, and need to only focus on skill and
knowledge gaps to transition to new, lower risk, occupations.
EXAMPLE PATHWAYS DETAILED TRANSITION PATHWAY
Current job (Risk at year 15) → Future job (more secure) JOB
Crop Farmer Crop Farmer
Personal Carers &
Assistant Automatable 36%
36% AUTOMATABALE (57.2 pivot score)
Augmentable 19%
91K people at risk
25.1K people in job Barber
(43.4 pivot score)
JOB CORRIDOR
Florist
(37.8 pivot score) Personal Carer and Assistant
Cook
Child Carer
Shearer Florist
Cook
(83.0 pivot score)
Visual Merchandiser
32% AUTOMATABALE
1.1K people at risk Home Health Aide
3.5K people in job (75.4 pivot score)
KEY SKILL AND ABILITY
Furniture Finisher KNOWLEDGE GAPS GAPS
(69.0 pivot score)
Service Orientation ▶
Computer &
▶
Agriculture & Horticulture Electronics
Aged and Disabled Carer
Plant Operators (80.3 pivot score) Systems Analysis ▶
30% AUTOMATABALE Customer &
2.5K people at risk Visual Merchandiser ▶
Personal Service
8.4K people in job (70.6 pivot score)
Learning Strategies ▶
Florist Therapy &
(69.5 pivot score)
▶
Counselling
Current Future
▶
Ability Gap Ability
24Implementation of emerging technology
could lead to the generation of 28K new
technology jobs over the next 15 years
Over the next 15 years an additional 47K jobs could ADDITIONAL TECH JOBS REQUIRED (top 15)
be added to the Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Industry. This comprises of: Software Developers,
Systems Software 1.5K
• 60% or 28K technical jobs
• 40% or 19K non-technical jobs Software Developers,
1.5K
Applications
However during this period, 99K roles within
the industry could be automated by technology, Data Engineers 1.0K
leading to a net decrease of 17% or 53K roles for
the industry.
Robotic Engineers 1.0K
MODELLED JOB GROWTH Process Improvement
0.9K
Analysis
Infrastructure Services
Starting Automatable Additional Total 0.9K
Analysts (IT)
Jobs in jobs by jobs by number
2019 2034 2034 of jobs in
2034 Data Integrators 0.9K
Tech
jobs Data Scientists 0.9K
▶
308K 99K
28K Mechatronics Engineers 0.8K
255K
19K
▶
Mechanical Engineers 0.7K
Non-Tech
jobs
Manufacturing Engineers 0.7K
Data Analysts 0.7K
Strategy Analysts 0.6K
Software Quality Assurance 0.6K
Engineers and Testers
Security Testers 0.6K
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 25Arts and Recreational Services - long
term (15 years)
The impact of automation and augmentation differs based on underlying skills and activities for each role.
TECHNOLOGY IMPACT ON 10 MOST COMMON ROLES AT YEAR 15
Sports Coaches, Instructors 77% 22% 18.9K
and Officials
Fitness Instructors 75% 24% 10.4K
Gaming Workers 40% 20% 40% 8.0K
Amusement, Fitness and
80% 20% 8.0K
Sports Centre Managers
Music Professionals 67% 33% 7.7K
Sportspersons 77% 21% 7.7K
Sales Assistants (General) 40% 39% 21% 5.6K
Greenkeepers 44% 26% 30% 5.4K
Receptionists 39% 18% 44% 4.7K
IMPACT LEGEND
45% 35% 20% 4.6K Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
Waiters
TOP 5 TECHNOLOGIES AFFECTING THIS INDUSTRY AT YEAR 15
Process Automation Navigation Robotics Generative Design Solution Discovery
0K 5K 10K 15K 20K 25K 30K 35K 40K
No. impacted employees
KEY FINDINGS:
24K people are at risk of automation over the next 15 years, 50% of which are female. Roles
in the Arts and Recreational Services industry are more subject to augmentation rather than
automation.
PEOPLE IMPACT TECH IMPACT
12K 12K
24K
TOTAL AUTOMATABLE
31%
AUGMENTABLE
14%
AUTOMATABLE
13%
CAPACITY GAIN
26Some roles are more easily automated while other roles are more susceptible to augmentation.
JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUTOMATION JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUGMENTATION
Yr 10 55% 15% 30% 8.0K Yr 10 62% 38% 84.4K
Visual Arts and
Game Workers Crafts Professionals
Yr 15 40% 20% 40% 8.0K Yr 15 42% 58% 4.4K
Yr 10 49% 17% 33% 4.7K Yr 10 54% 35% 11 % 3.4K
Bar Attendants
Receptionists and Baristas
Yr 15 39% 18% 44% 4.7K Yr 15 41% 45% 14% 3.4K
Yr 10 60% 17% 23% 3.4K Yr 10 57% 43% 2.7K
Livestock Farm Authors, and Book
Workers and Script Editors
Yr 15 42% 24% 34% 3.4K Yr 15 37% 63% 2.7K
Yr 10 52% 17% 31% 2.3K Yr 10 60% 39% 2.6K
Journalists and
General Clerks
Other Writers
Yr 15 42% 18% 40% 2.3K Yr 15 47% 51% 2.6K
Yr 10 46% 22% 32% 2.2K Yr 10 63% 37% 2.4K
Other
Miscellaneous Arts Professionals
Labourers Yr 15 31% 25% 43% 2.2K Yr 15 43% 57% 2.4K
IMPACT LEGEND
Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
KEY FINDINGS:
Receptionists are the most automatable role with an estimated 2K people at risk.
Authors, and book and script editors are the most augmentable role with the potential to augment 2K people.
JOB FAMILY ANALYSIS
Of the top 25 roles in this industry, they also have a presence in other industries.
• The top 3 industries for these roles are:
▫ Retail and Wholesale Trade: 28.9%
▫ Accommodation and Food Services: 17.9%
▫ Health Care and Social Assistance: 13.7%
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 27Re-skilling and transition potential
exists from high risk Arts & Recreational
jobs to low risk jobs
The following re-skilling pathways are available to transition at risk workers to less automatable
target careers. Many at risk professionals have transferrable skills, and need to only focus on skill and
knowledge gaps to transition to new, lower risk, occupations.
EXAMPLE PATHWAYS DETAILED TRANSITION PATHWAY
Current job (Risk at year 15) → Future job (more secure) JOB
Betting Clerk Betting Clerk
Bar Attendant & Barista
(89.4 pivot score) Automatable 42%
42% AUTOMATABALE Augmentable 21%
0.8K people at risk Public Address System
1.8K people in job (75.5 pivot score)
Sales Representative JOB CORRIDOR
(71.3 pivot score)
Sales Representative
Barber
Visual Merchandiser
Gaming Worker
Home Health Aide
(92.6 pivot score) Bar Attendant and Barista
40% AUTOMATABALE Public Address System and Other Announcer
3.2K people at risk Visual Merchandiser
8.0K people in job (77.5 pivot score)
Gaming Supervisor KEY SKILL AND ABILITY
(62.7 pivot score) KNOWLEDGE GAPS GAPS
Persuasion ▶
Customer Personal
Vending Machine
Camera Operators
▶
Service
Attendant (71.3 pivot score)
Service Orientation ▶
31% AUTOMATABALE
0.2K people at risk Medical Technician Sales & Marketing ▶
0.7K people in job (60.9 pivot score)
Negotiation ▶
Sound Engineering Clerical ▶
Technician
Current Future
(52.1 pivot score) ▶
Ability Gap Ability
28Implementation of emerging technology
could lead to the generation of 13K new
technology jobs over the next 15 years
Over the next 15 years an additional 84K jobs could ADDITIONAL TECH JOBS REQUIRED (top 15)
be added to the Arts and Recreational Industry.
This comprises of: Software Developers, 0.7K
Systems Software
• 15% or 13K technical jobs
Software Developers,
• 85% or 71K non-technical jobs 0.7K
Applications
However during this period, 24K roles within
the industry could be automated by technology, Data Engineers 0.5K
leading to a net increase of 34% or 61K roles for
the industry. Process Improvement
0.5K
Analysts
MODELLED JOB GROWTH Data Scientists 0.5K
Infrastructure Services
0.5K
Starting Automatable Additional Total Analysts (IT)
Jobs in jobs by jobs by number
2019 2034 2034 of jobs in
2034 Data Integrators 0.5K
Tech
Data Analysts 0.4K
jobs
▶
Strategy Analysts 0.3K
13K
71K Software Quality Assurance 0.3K
Engineers and Testers
174K 24K 235K
Security Testers 0.3K
▶
Non-Tech
jobs
Robotic Engineers 0.3K
Tester/Test Analysts 0.3K
Process Improvement 0.3K
Managers
Operations Research 0.3K
Analysts
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 29Construction - long term (15 years)
The impact of automation and augmentation differs based on underlying skills and activities for each role.
TECHNOLOGY IMPACT ON 10 MOST COMMON ROLES AT YEAR 15
Carpenters and Joiners 39% 30% 31% 127.1K
Construction Managers 60% 35% 5% 103.7K
Electricians 45% 38% 17% 102.9K
Plumbers 46% 27% 27% 90.2K
Painting Trades Workers 36% 29% 35% 54.6K
Building and Plumping 46% 27% 27% 50.2K
Labourers
Architectural, Building and 43% 33% 24% 46.0K
Surveying Technicians
Plasterers 37% 39% 25% 35.5K
Concreters 39% 31% 30% 34.2K
IMPACT LEGEND
47% 28% 24% 31.5K Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
Earthmoving Plant Operators
TOP 5 TECHNOLOGIES AFFECTING THIS INDUSTRY AT YEAR 15
Fixed Robotics Navigation Robotics Process Automation
0K 50K 100K 150K 200K 250K 300K 350K 400K
No. impacted employees
KEY FINDINGS:
290K people are at risk of automation over the next 15 years, 87% of which are male.
Roles in the Construction industry are more subject to augmentation rather than automation.
PEOPLE IMPACT TECH IMPACT
33K 257K
290K
TOTAL AUTOMATABLE
30%
AUGMENTABLE
25%
AUTOMATABLE
13%
CAPACITY GAIN
30Some roles are more easily automated while other roles are more susceptible to augmentation.
JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUTOMATION JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUGMENTATION
Yr 10 46% 26% 28% 54.6K Yr 10 62% 29% 12%102.9K
Painting Trades
Workers Electricians
Yr 15 36% 29% 35% 54.6K Yr 15 45% 38% 17% 102.9K
Yr 10 49% 26% 25% 23.7K Yr 10 47% 32% 20% 35.5K
Wall and Floor
Tilers Plasterers
Yr 15 37% 29% 33% 23.7K Yr 15 37% 39% 25% 35.5K
Yr 10 46% 24% 30% 17.2K Yr 10 45% 43% 11% 27.4K
Truck Drivers Bricklayers and
Stonemasons
Yr 15 35% 25% 40% 17.2K Yr 15 36% 50% 14% 27.4K
Insulation and Yr 10 58% 17% 24% 15.3K Yr 10 65% 33% 12.7K
Home Civil Engineering
Improvement Professionals
Installers Yr 15 42% 23% 36% 15.3K Yr 15 54% 43% 12.7K
Yr 10 43% 27% 30% 13.8K Yr 10 55% 30% 15% 10.5K
Structural Steel Airconditioning
and Welding and Refrigeration
Trades Workers Yr 15 Mechanics
35% 30% 35% 13.8K Yr 15 43% 36% 21% 10.5K
IMPACT LEGEND
Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
KEY FINDINGS:
Truck drivers are the most automatable role with an estimated 7K people at risk.
Bricklayers and stonemasons are the most augmentable role with the potential to augment 14K people.
JOB FAMILY ANALYSIS
Of the top 25 roles in this industry, they also have a presence in other industries.
• The top 3 industries for these roles are:
▫ Public Administration and Safety: 7.3%
▫ Transport, Postal and Warehousing: 6.9%
▫ Professional, Scientific and Technical Services: 6.3%
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 31Re-skilling and transition potential
exists from high risk Construction jobs to
low risk jobs
The following re-skilling pathways are available to transition at risk workers to less automatable
target careers. Many at risk professionals have transferrable skills, and need to only focus on skill and
knowledge gaps to transition to new, lower risk, occupations.
EXAMPLE PATHWAYS DETAILED TRANSITION PATHWAY
Current job (Risk at year 15) → Future job (more secure) JOB
Painting Trades Worker Painting Trades Worker
Visual Merchandiser
(71.1 pivot score) Automatable 35%
35% AUTOMATABALE Augmentable 29%
19.1K people at risk Visual Arts & Crafts
54.6K people in job Professional
(64.9 pivot score)
JOB CORRIDOR
Solar Photovoltaic Installer
(45.7 pivot score) Visual Arts and Craft Professional
Visual Merchandiser
Camera Operator
Insulation & Home
Bricklayer & Stonemason
Improvement Installer (84.5 pivot score) Solar Photovoltaic Installer
36% AUTOMATABALE Carer and Aide
5.5K people at risk Terrazzo Worker &
15.3K people in job Finisher
(62.4 pivot score)
KEY SKILL AND ABILITY
Upholsterer KNOWLEDGE GAPS GAPS
(60.5 pivot score)
Troubleshooting ▶
Mechanical ▶
Structural Steel &
Solar Photovoltaic Installer
Welding Trades Worker (96.9 pivot score) Mathematics ▶
35% AUTOMATABALE Engineering and
▶
4.9K people at risk Visual Arts & Crafts Technology
13.8K people in job Professional
(62.2 pivot score) Installation ▶
Building and ▶
Maintenance Construction
Superintendent
Current Future
(60.9 pivot score) ▶
Ability Gap Ability
32Implementation of emerging technology
could lead to the generation of 107K new
technology jobs over the next 15 years
Over the next 15 years an additional 522K jobs ADDITIONAL TECH JOBS REQUIRED (top 15)
could be added to the Construction Industry. This
comprises of: Software Developers, 5.9K
Systems Software
• 21% or 107K technical jobs
Software Developers,
• 79% or 415K non-technical jobs Applications 5.9K
However during this period, 290K roles within
the industry could be automated by technology, Data Engineers 4.2K
leading to a net increase of 20% or 233K roles
for the industry. Process Improvement
Analysts 3.8K
MODELLED JOB GROWTH Data Scientists 3.7K
Infrastructure Services
3.7K
Starting Automatable Additional Total Analysts (IT)
Jobs in jobs by jobs by number
2019 2034 2034 of jobs in
Data Integrators 3.7K
2034
Tech Robotic Engineers 3.1K
jobs
▶
107K Data Analysts 2.8K
415K
1,160K 290K 1,393K Mechatronic Engineers 2.6K
▶
Strategy Analysts 2.6K
Non-Tech
jobs
Software Quality Assurance 2.6K
Engineers and Testers
Security Testers 2.6K
Mechanical Engineers 2.4K
Manufacturing Engineers 2.4K
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 33Education and Training - long term
(15 years)
The impact of automation and augmentation differs based on underlying skills and activities for each role.
TECHNOLOGY IMPACT ON 10 MOST COMMON ROLES AT YEAR 15
Primary School Teachers 50% 50% 216.5K
Secondary School Teachers 49% 51% 200.6K
Education Aides 54% 38% 8% 118.9K
University Lecturers and
Tutors 61% 37% 71.6K
Private Tutors and Teachers 61% 35% 44.8K
Child Carers 73% 24% 44.3K
General Clerks 42% 40% 43.0K
Vocational Education 53% 46% 34.8K
Teachers (Aus) / Polytechni..
School Principals 78% 29.2K
IMPACT LEGEND
Sports Coaches, Instructors 77% 28.8K Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
and Officials
TOP 5 TECHNOLOGIES AFFECTING THIS INDUSTRY AT YEAR 15
Sensory Perception Solution Discovery Generative Design Process Automation
0K 50K 100K 150K 200K 250K 300K 350K
No. impacted employees
KEY FINDINGS:
83K people are at risk of automation over the next 15 years, 78% of which are female.
Roles in the Education and Training industry are more subject to augmentation rather than automation.
PEOPLE IMPACT TECH IMPACT
65K 18K
83K
TOTAL AUTOMATABLE
39%
AUGMENTABLE
7%
AUTOMATABLE
17%
CAPACITY GAIN
34Some roles are more easily automated while other roles are more susceptible to augmentation.
JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUTOMATION JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUGMENTATION
Yr 10 64% 31% 118.9K Yr 10 62% 37% 216.5K
Primary School
Education Aides Teachers
Yr 15 54% 38% 8% 118.9K Yr 15 50% 50% 216.5K
Yr 10 73% 26% 71.6K Yr 10 63% 37% 200.6K
University Secondary School
Lecturers Teachers
and Tutors
Yr 15 61% 37% 71.6K Yr 15 49% 51% 200.6K
Yr 10 71% 27% 44.8K Vocational Yr 10 63% 36% 34.8K
Private Tutors Education Teachers
and Teachers (Aus) / Polytechnic
Yr 15 61% 35% 44.8K Teachers (NZ) Yr 15 53% 46% 34.8K
Yr 10 81% 17% 44.3K Yr 10 68% 32% 27.1K
Special Education
Child Carers
Teachers
Yr 15 73% 24% 44.3K Yr 15 54% 46% 27.1K
Yr 10 80% 17% 18.9K Yr 10 63% 37% 8.2K
Professionals Counsellors
Yr 15 71% 22% 7 % 18.9K Yr 15 52% 48% 8.2K
IMPACT LEGEND
Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
KEY FINDINGS:
Education Aides are the most automatable role with an estimated 10K people at risk. Secondary school
teachers are the most augmentable role with the potential to augment 102K people.
JOB FAMILY ANALYSIS
Of the top 25 roles in this industry, they also have a presence in other industries.
• The top 3 industries for these roles are:
▫ Healthcare and Social Assistance: 16.3%
▫ Public Administration and Safety : 6.9%
▫ Administrative and Support Services: 5.0%
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 35Re-skilling and transition potential
exists from high risk Education and
Training jobs to low risk jobs
The following re-skilling pathways are available to transition at risk workers to less automatable
target careers. Many at risk professionals have transferrable skills, and need to only focus on skill and
knowledge gaps to transition to new, lower risk, occupations.
EXAMPLE PATHWAYS DETAILED TRANSITION PATHWAY
Current job (Risk at year 15) → Future job (more secure) JOB
Gallery, Library & Gallery, Library & Museum Technician
Film & Video Editor
Museum Technician (66.5 pivot score) Automatable 38%
31% AUTOMATABALE Augmentable 27%
1.2K people at risk Cyber Security Analyst
4K people in job (61.9 pivot score)
ICT Security Consultant JOB CORRIDOR
(59.0 pivot score)
Cyber Security Analyst
ICT Security Consultant
Caretakers
Wind Turbine Service Film and Video Editor
Technician
28% AUTOMATABALE (83.8 pivot score) Visual Merchandiser
1.1K people at risk Copy Writer
3.8K people in job Maintenance Supervisor
(74.4 pivot score)
Electrician KEY SKILL AND ABILITY
(67.8 pivot score) KNOWLEDGE GAPS GAPS
Complex Problem ▶
Science Technician Solving
Zoologist & Wildlife
Biologist Education and ▶
(92.2 pivot score) Training
28% AUTOMATABALE
1.1K people at risk Operation ▶
3.8K people in job Water Resource Monitoring
Specialist
(85.1 pivot score) Engineering and ▶
Technology
Security Management Quality Control ▶
Specialist Analysis
(78.1 pivot score) Mathematics ▶
Current Future
▶
36
Ability Gap AbilityImplementation of emerging technology
could lead to the generation of 93K new
technology jobs over the next 15 years
Over the next 15 years an additional 729K jobs ADDITIONAL TECH JOBS REQUIRED (top 15)
could be added to the Education and Training
Industry. This comprises of: Software Developers, 5.5K
Systems Software
• 13% or 93K technical jobs
Software Developers,
• 87% or 636K non-technical jobs Applications 5.K
However during this period, 83K roles within
the industry could be automated by technology, Data Engineers 4.5K
leading to a net increase of 53% or 646K roles
for the industry.
Data Scientists 4.1K
Process Improvement
MODELLED JOB GROWTH Analysts
3.8K
Infrastructure Services
3.5K
Starting Automatable Additional Total Analysts (IT)
Jobs in jobs by jobs by number
2019 2034 2034 of jobs in
Data Integrators 3.5K
2034
Tech Data Analysts 3.4K
jobs
▶
93K Strategy Analysts 2.5K
636K 1,871K Software Quality Assurance
2.5K
Engineers and Testers
83K
1,225K Security Testers 2.5K
▶
Non-Tech
jobs
Project Analyst 2.0K
Business Intelligence & 2.0K
Analytics Managers
Tester/Test Analysts 1.9K
Process Improvement
1.9K
Managers
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 37Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste
Services - long term (15 years)
The impact of automation and augmentation differs based on underlying skills and activities for each role.
TECHNOLOGY IMPACT ON 10 MOST COMMON ROLES AT YEAR 15
Truck Drivers 30% 27% 43% 11.8K
Electricians 41% 41% 18% 9.1K
Electrical Distribution Trades
Workers 34% 34% 32% 7.3K
Other Stationary Plant
Operators 32% 32% 36% 4.2K
Contract, Program and
72% 26% 4.2K
Project Administrators
Electrical Engineers 48% 46% 3.7K
Other Specialist Managers 71% 22% 3.1K
General Clerks 42% 18% 40% 2.8K
Information Officers 50% 43% 2.7K
IMPACT LEGEND
Building and Plumbing Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
42% 29% 29% 2.7K
Labourers
TOP 5 TECHNOLOGIES AFFECTING THIS INDUSTRY AT YEAR 15
Navigation Robotics Process Automation Solution Discovery Predictive Analysis Fixed Robotics
0K 5K 10K 15K 20K 25K 30K 35K
No. impacted employees
KEY FINDINGS:
26K people are at risk of automation over the next 15 years, 81% of which are male.
Roles in the Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services industry are more subject to augmentation
rather than automation.
PEOPLE IMPACT TECH IMPACT
5K 21K
26K
TOTAL AUTOMATABLE
33%
AUGMENTABLE
25%
AUTOMATABLE
14%
CAPACITY GAIN
38Some roles are more easily automated while other roles are more susceptible to augmentation.
JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUTOMATION JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUGMENTATION
Yr 10 42% 26% 32% 11.8K Yr 10 56% 31% 13% 9.1K
Truck Drivers Electricians
Yr 15 30% 27% 43% 11.8K Yr 15 41% 41% 18% 9.1K
Yr 10 46% 28% 26% 4.2K Yr 10 63% 34% 3.7K
Other Stationary
Electrical
Plant Operators
Engineers
Yr 15 32% 32% 36% 4.2K Yr 15 48% 46% 3.7K
Yr 10 51% 24% 25% 1.3K Electrical Yr 10 53% 36% 11% 2.2K
Recycling and Engineering
Rubbish Collectors Draftspersons &
Yr 15 34% 27% 40% 1.3K Technicians Yr 15 37% 47% 17% 2.2K
Yr 10 50% 23% 27% 1.1K Yr 10 62% 36% 1.6K
Other Machine Civil Engineering
Operators Professionals
Yr 15 34% 28% 38% 1.1K Yr 15 50% 46% 1.6K
Yr 10 43% 21% 36% 1.0K Yr 10 69% 28% 1.1K
Other Factory Construction
Process Workers Managers
Yr 15 30% 24% 46% 1.0K Yr 15 57% 38% 1.1K
IMPACT LEGEND
Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
KEY FINDINGS:
Other factory process workers are the most automatable role with an estimated 500 people at risk.
Electrical Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians are the most augmentable role with the potential to
augment 1K people.
JOB FAMILY ANALYSIS
Of the top 25 roles in this industry, they also have a presence in other industries.
• The top 3 industries for these roles are:
▫ Construction: 23.1%
▫ Professional, Scientific and Technical Services: 13.3%
▫ Transport, Postal and Warehousing: 8.0%
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 39Re-skilling and transition potential
exists from high risk Electricity, Gas &
Water Service jobs to low risk jobs
The following re-skilling pathways are available to transition at risk workers to less automatable
target careers. Many at risk professionals have transferrable skills, and need to only focus on skill and
knowledge gaps to transition to new, lower risk, occupations.
EXAMPLE PATHWAYS DETAILED TRANSITION PATHWAY
Current job (Risk at year 15) → Future job (more secure) JOB
Electrical Distribution Electrical Distribution Trades Worker
Info. & Organisation
Trades Worker Professional Automatable 36%
32% AUTOMATABALE (87.5 pivot score)
Augmentable 32%
2.4K people at risk
7.3K people in job Solar Energy Systems
Engineer
(85.3 pivot score) JOB CORRIDOR
ICT Security Consultant Information & Organisation Professional
(81.5 pivot score)
Solar Energy Systems Engineer
Industrial, Mechanical and Production Engineer
Other Stationary ICT Security Consultant
Anesthesiologist
Plant Operators Assistant
ICT and Telecommunications Technicians
36% AUTOMATABALE (63.2 pivot score)
1.5K people at risk
4.2K people in job Museum Technician &
Conservator KEY SKILL AND ABILITY
(55.8 pivot score)
KNOWLEDGE GAPS GAPS
Electrician ▶
Active Learning
(51.5 pivot score)
Computers and
▶
Electronics
Building & Complex Problem ▶
Plumbing Labourer Solar Photovoltaic Installer Solving
(94.9 pivot score)
29% AUTOMATABALE English Language ▶
0.8K people at risk Systems Evaluation ▶
2.7K people in job Maintenance Manager
(85.1 pivot score) Personnel and ▶
Human Resources
Wind Turbine Service Current Future
Technician ▶
Ability Gap Ability
(83.7 pivot score)
40Implementation of emerging technology
could lead to the generation of 10K new
technology jobs over the next 15 years
Over the next 15 years an additional 31K jobs could ADDITIONAL TECH JOBS REQUIRED (top 15)
be added to the Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste
Services. This comprises of: Software Developers, 0.6K
Systems Software
• 33% or 10K technical jobs
Software Developers,
• 67% or 21K non-technical jobs Applications 0.6K
However during this period, 26K roles within
the industry could be automated by technology, Data Engineers 0.4K
leading to a net increase of 5% or 5K roles for
the industry. Process Improvement
0.4K
Analysts
MODELLED JOB GROWTH Data Scientists 0.4K
Infrastructure Services
0.4K
Starting Automatable Additional Total Analysts (IT)
Jobs in jobs by jobs by number
2019 2034 2034 of jobs in
2034 Data Integrators 0.4K
Tech
Data Analysts 0.3K
jobs
▶
Strategy Analysts 0.3K
10K
106K 26K 111K
21K
Software Quality Assurance 0.3K
Engineers and Testers
▶
Non-Tech Security Testers 0.3K
jobs
Robotics Engineers 0.2K
Tester/Test Analysts 0.2K
Process Improvement 0.2K
Managers
Operations Research
0.2K
Analysts
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 41Financial and Insurance - long term
(15 years)
The impact of automation and augmentation differs based on underlying skills and activities for each role.
TECHNOLOGY IMPACT ON 10 MOST COMMON ROLES AT YEAR 15
Bank Workers 27% 24% 49% 61.8K
Financial Investment
38% 50% 12% 28.4K
Advisers and Managers
Insurance, Money Market &
24% 23% 53% 26.2K
Statistical Clerks
Credit and Loans Officer
29% 34% 37% 23.7K
(Aus) / Finance Clerks (NZ)
Financial Brokers 38% 15% 47% 17.2K
Financial Dealers 22% 57% 20% 15.4K
Accountants 27% 30% 43% 14.5K
Management and
31% 68% 12.0K
Organisation Analysts
Software and Applications
36% 48% 11.5K
Programmers
IMPACT LEGEND
General Clerks 36% 44% 10.5K Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
TOP 5 TECHNOLOGIES AFFECTING THIS INDUSTRY AT YEAR 15
Process Automation Predictive Analysis Generative Design Solution Discovery
0K 10K 20K 30K 40K 50K 60K 70K 80K 90K 100K 110K 120K 130K 140K 150K 160K 170K
No. impacted employees
KEY FINDINGS:
108K people are at risk of automation over the next 15 years, 58% of which are female. Roles in the
Financial and Insurance industry are more subject to augmentation rather than automation.
PEOPLE IMPACT TECH IMPACT
63K 45K
108K
TOTAL AUTOMATABLE
34%
AUGMENTABLE
31%
AUTOMATABLE
16%
CAPACITY GAIN
42Some roles are more easily automated while other roles are more susceptible to augmentation.
JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUTOMATION JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUGMENTATION
Yr 10 33% 25% 42% 61.8K Financial Yr 10 53% 40% 7% 28.4K
Bank Workers Investment
Advisers &
Yr 15 27% 24% 49% 61.8K Managers Yr 15 38% 50% 12% 28.4K
Yr 10 34% 23% 43% 26.2K Yr 10 36% 49% 15% 15.4K
Insurance, Money
Market and Financial Dealers
Statistical Clerks
Yr 15 24% 23% 53% 26.2K Yr 15 22% 57% 20% 15.4K
Yr 10 48% 14% 37% 17.2K Yr 10 54% 37% 9% 11.5K
Software and
Financial Brokers Applications
Yr 15 38% 15% 47% 17.2K
Programmers Yr 15 36% 48% 16% 11.5K
Yr 10 41% 31% 28% 14.5K Yr 10 37% 35% 28% 10.5K
Accountants Insurance Agents
Yr 15 27% 30% 43% 14.5K Yr 15 23% 38% 39% 10.5K
Yr 10 40% 21% 39% 4.3K Yr 10 60% 32% 8 % 8.7K
Accounting Finance Managers
Clerks
Yr 15 31% 23% 46% 4.3K Yr 15 47% 38% 15% 8.7K
IMPACT LEGEND
Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
KEY FINDINGS:
Insurance, money market and statistical clerks are the most automatable role with an estimated 14K
people at risk. Financial Dealers are the most augmentable role with the potential to augment 9K people.
JOB FAMILY ANALYSIS
Of the top 25 roles in this industry, they also have a presence in other industries.
• The top 3 industries for these roles are:
▫ Professional, Scientific and Technical Services: 21.5%
▫ Public Administration and Safety: 12.9%
▫ Retail and Wholesale Trade: 7.2%
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 43Re-skilling and transition potential
exists from high risk Financial and
Insurance Service jobs to low risk jobs
The following re-skilling pathways are available to transition at risk workers to less automatable
target careers. Many at risk professionals have transferrable skills, and need to only focus on skill and
knowledge gaps to transition to new, lower risk, occupations.
EXAMPLE PATHWAYS DETAILED TRANSITION PATHWAY
Current job (Risk at year 15) → Future job (more secure) JOB
Insurance, Money Market Insurance Clerks
Cyber Security Analyst
& Statistical Clerks
(55.6 pivot score) Automatable 53%
53% AUTOMATABALE Augmentable 23%
13.9K people at risk Infrastructure Services
26.2K people in job Analyst (IT)
(52.3 pivot score)
JOB CORRIDOR
ICT Sales Professional
(46.3 pivot score) Infrastructure Services Analyst (IT)
Cyber Security Analyst
Bank Workers ICT Sales Professional
Beauty Therapist
(90.0 pivot score) Change Analyst
49% AUTOMATABALE Speech-Language Pathology Assistant
30.4K people at risk Visual Merchandiser
61.8K people in job (79.3 pivot score)
Cyber Security Analyst KEY SKILL AND ABILITY
(67.8 pivot score) KNOWLEDGE GAPS GAPS
Computer and
▶
Financial Broker Electronics
Info. & Organisation
Professional Critical Thinking ▶
47% AUTOMATABALE (70.3 pivot score)
Education and ▶
8.1K people at risk Training
17.2K people in job Private Tutor and
Teacher Judgement and ▶
(67.1 pivot score) Decision Making
Public Safety and ▶
Financial Dealer Security
(66.7 pivot score)
Management of ▶
Personnel Resources
Current Future
▶
44
Ability Gap AbilityImplementation of emerging technology
could lead to the generation of 38K new
technology jobs over the next 15 years
Over the next 15 years an additional 88K jobs could ADDITIONAL TECH JOBS REQUIRED (top 15)
be added to the Financial and Insurances Industry.
This comprises of: Software Developers, 2.3K
Systems Software
• 43% or 38K technical jobs
Software Developers,
• 57% or 50K non-technical jobs Applications 2.3K
However during this period, 108K roles within
Process Improvement
the industry could be automated by technology, 1.9K
Analysts
leading to a net decrease of 6% or 21K roles for
the industry.
Data Analysts 1.8K
MODELLED JOB GROWTH Data Engineers 1.7K
Starting Automatable Additional Total Data Scientists 1.5K
Jobs in jobs by jobs by number
2019 2034 2034 of jobs in
Infrastructure Services 1.4K
2034
Analysts (IT)
Tech
Data Integrators 1.4K
jobs
▶
Strategy Analysts 1.1K
38K
353K 108K
332K
50K
Software Quality Assurance 1.1K
Engineers and Testers
▶
Non-Tech
jobs Security Testers 1.1K
Project Analysts 0.9K
Business Intelligence & 0.9K
Analytics Managers
0.8K
Tester/Test Analysts
Process Improvement 0.8K
Managers
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 45Health Care and Social Assistance -
long term (15 years)
The impact of automation and augmentation differs based on underlying skills and activities for each role.
TECHNOLOGY IMPACT ON 10 MOST COMMON ROLES AT YEAR 15
Registered Nurses 47% 52% 305.1K
Aged and Disabled Carers 54% 38% 8% 168.8K
Child Carers 74% 23% 137.6K
Nursing Support and
Personal Care Workers 50% 34% 15% 115.2K
Receptionists 42% 17% 42% 110.7K
General Practitioners and
49% 51% 76.1K
Resident Medical Officers
Enrolled and Mothercraft
46% 54% 46.1K
Nurses
Welfare Support Workers 49% 51% 43.1K
General Clerks 44% 38% 35.3K
IMPACT LEGEND
Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
Dental Assistants 41%40% 30.8K
TOP 5 TECHNOLOGIES AFFECTING THIS INDUSTRY AT YEAR 15
Process Automation Assistive Robotics Sensory Perception Generative Design Mobile Robotics
0K 50K 100K 150K 200K 250K 300K 350K 400K 450K 500K
No. impacted employees
KEY FINDINGS:
197K people are at risk of automation over the next 15 years, 84% of which are female. Roles in
the Health Care and Social Assistance industry are more subject to augmentation rather than
automation.
PEOPLE IMPACT TECH IMPACT
166K 31K
197K
TOTAL AUTOMATABLE
39%
AUGMENTABLE
11%
AUTOMATABLE
16%
CAPACITY GAIN
46Some roles are more easily automated while other roles are more susceptible to augmentation.
JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUTOMATION JOBS MOST EXPOSED TO AUGMENTATION
Yr 10 66% 23% 115.2K Enrolled and Yr 10 60% 40% 46.1K
Nursing Support
and Personal Mothercraft
Care Workers Nurses
Yr 15 50% 34% 15% 115.2K Yr 15 46% 54% 46.1K
Yr 10 57% 30% 13% 30.8K Yr 10 37% 53% 28.4K
Dental Assistants Medical Technicians
Yr 15 41% 40% 19% 30.8K Yr 15 30% 59% 11% 28.4K
Yr 10 37% 53% 28.4K Yr 10 58% 42% 27.7K
Medical Technicians Physiotherapists
Yr 15 30% 59% 11% 28.4K Yr 15 47% 53% 27.7K
Yr 10 65% 30% 26.0K Yr 10 60% 40% 25.1K
Health and Welfare
Service Managers Midwives
Yr 15 53% 38% 8% 26.0K Yr 15 46% 54% 25.1K
Yr 10 61% 32% 7% 22.3K Yr 10 61% 38% 21.1K
Medical Imaging
Professionals Nurse Managers
Yr 15 40% 47% 13% 22.3K Yr 15 47% 52% 21.1K
IMPACT LEGEND
Unimpacted % Augmentable % Automatable %
KEY FINDINGS:
Dental assistants are the most automatable role with an estimated 6K people at risk.
Medical technicians are the most augmentable role with the potential to augment 17K people.
JOB FAMILY ANALYSIS
Of the top 25 roles in this industry, they also have a presence in other industries.
• The top 3 industries for these roles are:
▫ Accommodation and Food Services: 6.6%
▫ Public Administration and Safety: 6.1%
▫ Education and Training: 5.8%
TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON THE AUSTRALIAN WORKFORCE 47Re-skilling and transition potential
exists from high risk Healthcare and
Social Assistance jobs to low risk jobs
The following re-skilling pathways are available to transition at risk workers to less automatable
target careers. Many at risk professionals have transferrable skills, and need to only focus on skill and
knowledge gaps to transition to new, lower risk, occupations.
EXAMPLE PATHWAYS DETAILED TRANSITION PATHWAY
Current job (Risk at year 15) → Future job (more secure) JOB
Keyboard Operator Keyboard Operator
Cyber Security Analyst
(74.8 pivot score) Automatable 45%
45% AUTOMATABALE Augmentable 34%
4.1K people at risk Info. & Organisation
10.1K people in job Professional
(74.1 pivot score)
JOB CORRIDOR
ICT Security Consultant
(73.8 pivot score) ICT Security Consultant
Information and Organisation Professional
Medical Laboratory Cyber Security Analyst
Diagnostic Medical
Scientist Sonographer First-Line Supervisor of Customer Service Reps.
31% AUTOMATABALE (90.5 pivot score)
Infrastructure Services Analyst (IT)
4.3K people at risk
13.9K people in job Theatre Nurses in
Robotic Surgery
(80.7 pivot score)
KEY SKILL AND ABILITY
KNOWLEDGE GAPS GAPS
Cyber Security Analyst
(72.9 pivot score)
Operations Analysis ▶
Computer and ▶
Electronics
Dental Assistant
Surgical Technologist
(97.1 pivot score) Science ▶
19% AUTOMATABALE Engineering and
▶
6.0K people at risk Health Therapy Technology
30.8K people in job Professional
(85.5 pivot score) Repairing ▶
Mechanical ▶
Physiotherapist
(85.5 pivot score) Current Future
▶
Ability Gap Ability
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