Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria - Version Issue date: 2.92 February 2022
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Business Radio Technical
Frequency Assignment Criteria
Version 2.92
Issue date: February 2022
Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria Page intentionally left blank 2
Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Contents
Section Page
1 Foreword 3
2 Introduction 4
3 National and International Co-ordination 6
4 Business Radio (Area Defined) Licence Class 8
5 Business Radio (Technically Assigned) Licence Class 12
6 Mobile ASsignment Technical System (MASTS) 17
Annex Page
1 Recommendation ITU-R P.1546-4 21
2 Technically Assigned Assignment Process 24
3 MASTS 27
4 Antennas 30
5 International Co-ordination 35
6 Frequency Bands 37
7 Special Services 39
8 Area Defined Geographical Areas 40
9 Document History 42
10 Glossary 43
4Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Section 1
1 Foreword
1.1 The Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006 requires that only radio equipment that the
Office of Communications (Ofcom) has granted a licence to, unless licence
exempt, can be installed and used in the United Kingdom. This is under the
condition that the radio equipment meets certain minimum requirements set in the
Interface Requirement (IR 2044) which is available at:
https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/84630/ir2044.pdf
1.2 This document details the technical frequency assignment criteria and the
principles that Ofcom will employ in the frequency bands for use by business radio.
1.3 This Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria (TFAC) is subject to revision.
1.4 Operators and manufacturers can obtain the latest copy of this document from the
Ofcom website. If you do not have access to the internet, you can request a printed
copy to be posted to you from Spectrum Licensing by telephoning the number
below.
1.5 Please see below for full contact details:
Contact Details
Ofcom Spectrum Licensing
Phoenix House
Lakeside Drive
Centre Park
Warrington. WA1 1RX
Email spectrum.licensing@ofcom.org.uk
Phone 020 7981 3131
Ofcom http://www.ofcom.org.uk
Business Radio https://www.ofcom.org.uk/manage-your-licence/radiocommunication-
licences/business-radio
TFAC https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/59432/ofw164.pdf
5Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Section 2
2 Introduction
Licensee’s Responsibility
2.1 The establishment use or installation of transmitting or receiving equipment is
subject to the issue of the relevant licence by Ofcom. The licensee must comply
with the licence terms and conditions and ensure that the equipment meets the
requirements of UK Interface Requirement IR 2044.
https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/84630/ir2044.pdf
Licence Types
2.2 There are five licence products or classes available:
Business Radio (Simple UK)
Business Radio (Simple Site)
Business Radio (Suppliers Light)
Business Radio (Technically Assigned)
Business Radio (Area Defined)
2.3 For Technically Assigned or Area Defined you can apply online at:
https://secure.ofcom.org.uk/busrad/. For Business Radio Light Licensing products
stakeholders use the online licensing system to register and purchase a licence
https://ofcom.force.com/licensingcomlogin.
2.4 For Business Radio (Area Defined) licences, Ofcom will issue a licence if spectrum
is available within the geographical area requested. The licensee will have the
freedom of deployment if the licence conditions are met and comply with any
national and international coordination through the Post Issue Support process.
2.5 For Business Radio (Technically Assigned) licences, Ofcom will use its technical
assignment algorithm, MASTS, to process the assignment request. If a suitable
frequency is available, it will be granted.
Business Radio (Simple UK)
This type of licence is for mobile-to-mobile communication anywhere in the UK.
Use of base stations is not permitted
The maximum permitted ERP power for mobile stations is five Watts.
Business Radio (Simple Site)
This type of licence is for the use of base station systems that use a pre-
packaged set of frequencies for applications such as paging
6Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
The maximum permitted ERP power for base stations is two Watts with a
maximum antenna height of 15m. The maximum permitted ERP power for
mobile stations is two Watts, except for the 25 kHz bandwidth mobile channels
where the maximum permitted ERP power is 0.02 Watts.
Business Radio (Suppliers Light)
This type of licence is for use by radio suppliers and dealers only
The maximum permitted ERP power for base stations is 10 Watts
The maximum permitted ERP power for mobile stations is 25 Watts
The maximum permitted base station antenna height above ground level is 20m.
2.6 More details on the technical assignment process for the Business Radio (Area
Defined) and Business Radio (Technically Assigned) licence types are provided in
Sections four and five respectively of this document.
7Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Section 3
3 National and International Co-ordination
Introduction
3.1 There are several different types of co-ordination that may need to be undertaken
as part of the frequency assignment process (this does not apply to the Light
Licence classes). These different types of co-ordination are explained in more
detail within this section.
Geo-limits
3.2 There are many other users (such as the Ministry of Defence (MoD), Programme
Making and Special Events (PMSE), Maritime, etc) that share some of the
Business Radio spectrum. To manage the co-existence between these users there
are defined geographical areas where these users can operate. These
geographical areas need to be protected and co-ordinated for Business Radio
users and can be applied to either a whole band, or to a range of frequencies or a
single frequency.
3.3 Currently UHF1 (425.00625 – 449.49375 MHz) is the only band that is impacted by
geolimits within Business Radio spectrum, and these are listed in Annex 9
Exclusion Areas
3.4 These are areas that Ofcom must not allow any Business Radio UHF1
assignments, for example, within 40 kilometres of the Fylingdales Radar station.
Operation Areas
3.5 These are areas where Business Radio assignments can be assigned. For
example, Ofcom is authorised to assign UHF1 spectrum in a radius within 56
kilometres of Charing Cross.
Co-ordination Areas
3.6 These are areas that Ofcom may be able to make Business Radio assignments,
but direct co-ordination procedures will need to be undertaken with the users
affected.
UHF1 band co-ordination
3.7 Business Radio shares the UHF1 band with the Ministry of Defence, all radio
assignments in the UHF1 band must be co-ordinated with Ministry of Defence.
This co-ordination does not permit an increase in the total received interference
power at the radar site beyond a pre-specified limit and essentially means any new
assignment must be considered against the interference level to ensure it does not
cause an increase.
3.8 Any deployment and/or change to the characteristics of a radio system will need to
be undertaken through the UHF1 co-ordination process. All potential technical
changes to existing systems must be requested and these will be considered as
part of the Ofcom validation process for any amendments within the UHF1 band.
8Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
International Coordination
3.9 Ofcom has a duty to coordinate all assignments with our neighbouring countries to
manage the risk of interference to UK assignments and to neighbouring countries’
assignments. This is either achieved through an agreed Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) or similar, or in the absence of a formal agreement the HCM
Agreement is used (adhering to the general principals of CEPT Recommendation
T/R 25-08 https://www.ecodocdb.dk/download/063e7311-fba7/TR2508.pdf).
3.10 If an assignment passes the requirements of an agreement, then it is deemed to
have passed coordination. If it breaches the requirements of the MoU then the
assignment may be sent for international coordination (not for Band III) with the
country/countries affected. The affected country/countries will then let Ofcom know
if the assignment can be made (antenna directivity, reduce ERP power etc) or will
reject the assignment.
3.11 A summary of all the MoUs and Agreements applicable for Business Radio can be
found in Annex 5.
FCS 1331
3.12 There is a code of practice detailing the way in which antennas should be used to
prevent unnecessary interference to our International neighbours.
3.13 http://www.fcs.org.uk/image_upload/pdf/13-06-13-fcs1331-bs-cop-revision-2013-
final-endorsed.pdf
9Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Section 4
4 Business Radio (Area Defined) Licence
Class
Introduction
4.1 A Business Radio (Area Defined) licence is suitable for users who operate
networks on a national or wide area regional basis and require exclusive spectrum.
Such networks are often of strategic and of national importance for rail networks,
utilities, major distribution networks and for different types of transport. These
licences will be issued, depending on spectrum availability, for geographical areas
at national level (UK or nations) down to 50 km2 national grid squares. Licensees
will have the freedom to deploy their systems if they meet the licence terms and
conditions. These include:
Spectral boundaries: This will specify the frequencies on which the licensee can
operate, the channel bandwidth, maximum operating power and the emission
limits should meet those specified in the Interface Requirement (IR 2044).
Geographical boundary: Geographical boundary: This will specify the area in
which the licensee can operate, using the national grid reference system and
national borders, and the predicted field strength density level of -116 dBm/12.5
kHz should not be exceeded at and beyond the boundary of adjacent
geographical assignments. Special consideration has been given to assignments
between 55.75 and 87.5 MHz, here the predicted field strength density level of -
104 dBm/12.5 kHz should not be exceeded at and beyond the boundary of
adjacent geographical assignments.
The maximum ERP power for Base Stations is 100 Watts for >=25 kHz channel
bandwidths, 50 Watts for 12.5 kHz channel bandwidths and 25 Watts for 6.25
kHz channel bandwidths.
The maximum ERP power for Mobile Stations is 25 Watts regardless of the
frequency width.
Complying with relevant national and international coordination requirements
such as UHF1 coordination and Band III MoUs/Agreements.
4.2 For a Business Radio (Area Defined) licence there are two processes:
Frequency allocation: This is the main process for issuing a licence.
Post issue support: This is the process for supporting/facilitating deployments
after a licence has been issued. This is to support licensees complying with the
licence terms and conditions.
4.3 These two processes are described in more detail below.
10Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Frequency Allocation Process
4.4 This process is to identify a suitable frequency for the request. The test is to check
whether there is/are assignments within the geographical area requested (this
could be the UK, Nation(s) or 50 km2 square grids or a combination where this is
possible) for each channel (centre frequency and its associated bandwidth) within
the selected band. Details of the available geographical areas can be found in
Annex 8.
4.5 If a frequency has been identified, then a licence will be issued as shown in the
following diagram
Figure 1 – High Level flow for Business Radio (Area Defined) Licence Frequency
Allocation
Post Issue Support
4.6 It is a requirement from Ofcom that any deployments that may cause harmful
interference to other services or neighbouring administrations are assessed to see
if co-ordination is required.
4.7 A process has been devised to support deployment of assignments following
licence issue. Post Issue Support is to enable licensees to comply with their
licence terms and conditions (such as UHF-1 coordination, Band III co-ordination
and international co-ordination). Figure 2 shows the Post Issue Support process.
11Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Figure 2 – High Level flow for Post Issue Support Process
Compliance with spectral power field strength density limit
4.8 For licensees to comply with the Business Radio (Area Defined) licence predicted
power field strength density limit, licensees can either use the ITU standard
propagation model (ITU-R P.1546-4) to model the field strength that Ofcom will use
for the Business Radio (Technically Assigned) licence product or can ask Ofcom or
a third party to undertake this check on their behalf.
4.9 Further details on the propagation model and configuration settings are in Annex 1.
The full ITU Recommendation ITU-R P. 1546-4 can be found on the ITU website.
https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.1546-4-200910-S/en
Co-ordination between adjacent channels
4.10 Business Radio (Area Defined) licensees operating on adjacent channels in the
same geographical area need to carefully plan their deployments. Greater flexibility
is provided by allowing up to 100 watts maximum ERP power for 25 kHz channel
bandwidths (50 watts for 12.5 kHz channel bandwidths and 25 watts for 6.25 kHz
channel bandwidths) but it is important that licensees take measures to minimise
12Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
the risk of interference. Ofcom recommends that licensees take special care with
either some good site engineering or by having adequate separation distance from
each site. Information on good site engineering can be found at:
http://www.fcs.org.uk/image_upload/pdf/13-06-13-fcs1331-bs-cop-revision-2013-
final-endorsed.pdf
4.11 If a Licensee/Applicant requests a higher maximum ERP power, then this request
will require Ofcom consent and each request will be considered on a case-by-case
basis.
13Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Section 5
5 Business Radio (Technically Assigned)
Licence Class
Introduction
5.1 The Business Radio (Technically Assigned) licence assignment process is made
up of various key stages which are shown in figure 3. This licence product is
suitable for users that require a degree of protection from other users. This is
where Ofcom will undertake micro-management by employing the use of a
scientific assignment process. The assignment process makes use of the MASTS
algorithm and this is used for the analysis to identify if an assignment is acceptable
on a given channel and geographical area or if the assignment should be rejected.
More details regarding the MASTS process can be found in Section 6.
General Technical Parameters
5.2 Business Radio assigns its assignments using technical parameters and
assumptions contained within this document. Details regarding the Business Radio
licensing process can be found in the licensing procedures manual which is
available at:
https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/74015/licensingpolicymanual
.pdf
Effective Radiated Power (ERP)
5.3 The licence will state the assigned maximum ERP power which must not be
exceeded. The maximum ERP power for each licence type is stated in the UK
Interface Requirement 2044, which is available at:
https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/84630/ir2044.pdf
5.4 For Technically Assigned licences it is not required that the maximum ERP power
level permitted meets the requested coverage area. A maximum ERP power may
need to be limited, along with a reduced coverage area, so that a new system will
not cause harmful interference to an existing system. As part of the application
process, it is advisable that you request an ERP that provides radio coverage up to
the edge of your requested service area.
Mandatory Required Inputs into the Technically Assigned Assignment Process
5.5 The following table summarises the key parameters that will be used to assess if
an assignment can be made and will form part of the technically assigned licence
parameters.
14Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Parameter Description Examples
Type of Station This describes whether it is a Base Base Station
Station, Remote Control Point, or an Remote Control Point6.16
Operational Area (Mobile to Mobile Operational Area6.14
operation)
Location This is the location of the Base Station or e.g. TQ 32284 80497
centre of the Operational Area to a ten
figure OS grid reference (1m accuracy) or 51.5079276440536,-
you can specify the latitude / longitude 0.0952792745694685
Customer This describes the area over which radio Circle (radius km)
Requested operation is desired. The resultant
Service Area achievable coverage area is known as
the designated service area and is
calculated by the MASTS algorithm
Assignment Type This defines whether the required Exclusive (up to 100% of
assignment is shared (where a level of time)
blocking from/to other users is Shared (up to 33% of time)
acceptable) or exclusive (for which no
blocking from/to other users is allowed)
Mobile ERP This is the output power from the mobile e.g. 25 Watts
antenna. This is used by the MASTS
algorithm to determine the increase in the
interference potential to other
assignments (if applicable)
Antenna Location This identifies if the antenna is located Indoor
within a building or underground. Outdoor
Adjustments to the coverage will be made Underground
depending on the location and associated
propagation losses.
Frequency This defines whether you require a Single (Simplex)
Operation different frequency for the Base and Dual (Duplex)
Mobile transmitter.
Figures below in MHz
Frequency Band This is used to identify the frequency to
use for a coverage prediction and the Band From To
choice of candidate channels for the Paging 26.225 49.49375
Band 1 55.75 68.0
assignment process. Low 68.08125 87.49375
Mid 137.9625 165.04375
High 165.04375 173.09375
Band 3 177.20625 191.49375
UHF-1 425.00625 449.49375
UHF-2 450.00000 470.00000
Bandwidth The amount of spectrum required for the 6.25 kHz
channel, this will be considered in both 12.5 kHz
the calculation of the coverage and when 25.0 kHz
identifying assignments that may interfere Others will be considered
with each other. on request.
Table 1 - Summary of Technical Data Inputs
15Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Frequency Assignment Process
5.1 The frequency assignment process for the Business Radio (Technically Assigned)
licence class is summarised in figure 3:
Figure 3 – High Level Flow for Technically Assigned Assignment Process
16Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Description of the Technically Assigned Assignment Process
5.2 The following steps will form part of the technical assessment process for the
Business Radio (Technically Assigned) licence. These steps are to identify a
suitable channel, but if the request contains an applicant’s preferred channel then
the following steps will be carried out on this channel.
5.3 The technical details provided by the Customer include location information, type of
station, frequency operation, area of desired operation, frequency band, antenna
parameters and the assignment type.
5.3.1 An initial set of candidate channels will be identified based on the product
Business Radio (Technically Assigned), the choice of frequency band and
whether the request is for single or dual frequency operation.
5.3.2 The next step in the process is to carry out checks for National Co-
ordination. These include geolimit checking and UHF-1 co-ordination. From
the results of these checks the initial candidate channels may be reduced
or even eliminated.
5.3.3 A proximity check calculation is undertaken to ensure that there are no
existing assignments within 500m and 250m of the proposed location for
either co-channel or the 1st adjacent channel respectively.
5.3.4 The MASTS calculations are then performed (more details can be found in
Annex 3).
5.3.5 For each candidate channel all existing assignments within 120km are
identified. The MASTS calculations are then performed on these
assignments to identify which ones are affected.
5.3.6 The Signalling Codes (CTCSS. DCS) for analogue systems or timeslots or
Channel Access Codes for digital systems will then be assigned (if
possible). Channel Access Codes for TDMA or FDMA systems are not part
of the assignment process as of September 2021. The applicant is
required to notify Ofcom which codes they wish to use. The codes are
displayed on the licence schedule.
5.3.7 If an assignment can be made it is provisionally granted at this stage.
5.3.8 MoU checks are then performed on the chosen candidate channel(s). If
this check fails then the assignment must go for International Co-ordination
(excluding Band III) whereby the neighbouring Countries affected will
decide whether it can go ahead, if some concessions can be made (by
varying technical parameters, e.g. antenna directivity), or if it must be
rejected.
5.3.9 If a licence application requires Spectrum Licensing will contact the
applicant to notify them that co-ordination is required. If the proposed
assignment fails International Co-ordination, then the applicant will be
notified accordingly.
5.3.10 Once all these processes have been performed successfully the
assignment will be granted.
17Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
5.4 Ofcom will use a very similar process when a Customer variation is requested
(technical changes to the licence, e.g. increase of power, concatenation of
channels). This is undertaken to ensure that any change that is made is fully
assessed regarding the impact to the existing co- and adjacent channel users.
18Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Section 6
6 Mobile Assignment Technical System
(MASTS)
Introduction
6.1 This section provides an overview of how the MASTS system is used with its
various key components.
6.2 MASTS is a tool that is used to better quantify and manage the interference and
blocking effects between users in the same spectrum. There are several concepts
that MASTS uses, and these are detailed in this section.
6.3 Information on the configuration of the propagation model ITU-R P. 1546-4 and
MASTS can be found in Annexes 1 and 3 respectively.
6.4 The following sections detail the main components that define the MASTS process.
Assignment Type
6.5 There are two types of assignments within the Business Radio (Technically
Assigned) licence product; shared and exclusive.
6.6 A shared assignment is an assignment that transmits no more than 33% of the time
in its busiest hour. It is this parameter that determines the amount of time that an
assignment may block another assignment from transmitting at that point in time.
An exclusive assignment is one that either transmits up to 100%1 of the time, more
than 33% of the time in its busiest hour or requires extra protection because of
either business or safety critical reasons. It is recommended that if you are using a
data application then you apply for an exclusive assignment unless the radio
transmits for less than twenty seconds in a minute.
With the nature of Business Radio in a shared environment there may be instances
when a User exceeds the number of transmissions (as defined by their assignment
type) over a short period. If there are continual breaches of the guideline criteria,
then it may be necessary to liaise with the Users concerned and move them to
Exclusive status or move them to a different channel (where possible).
Coverage Areas
6.7 The first step in the process is to take the Requested Service Area (RSA) which is
defined at the application stage and represents the area (e.g., a radius from the
base station) over which radio operation is desired. The coverage area is then
calculated using the propagation model down to the service level field strength
threshold.
1
NB: stations operating continuously will be subject to more stringent international co-ordination
requirements.
19Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
The intersection between the RSA and the filtered coverage area is then derived
and is known as the Designated Service Area (DSA). This is the area the
MASTS algorithm will use in terms of considering interference into that area from
other users on the same channel.
The Blocking Area (BA) of the new application is then derived by utilising the
original calculated coverage area and extending it down to the blocking field
strength threshold level. This then identifies the area over which an assignment
(base station and mobiles) would cause harmful interference or blocking.
If the trial assignment's blocking area intersects with an existing assignment's
designated service area, then there is a potential to block that system. If there are
channels that are adjacent, then these channels will be considered in the
interference/blocking calculations.
Antenna Location
6.8 The antenna location is considered when calculating the predicted radio coverage
area. If the antenna is located within a building (indoor) then an attenuation of 5 dB
will be applied. Also, if the antenna is located underground (e.g., tunnel) then the
coverage area will be limited to 1 km in radius. Interference is not considered
between an underground system and a system above ground that use the same
frequency within the same radius.
6.9 Both indoor and underground are difficult areas to model without the detailed
characteristics of the clutter of the propagation model to calculate the coverage
area of both indoor and underground areas. Therefore, we have defined a set of
generic assumptions as stated above.
Quality of Service
6.10 The Quality of Service (QoS) is a measure of how good the channel is in the area
where the proposed radio service could operate. This will consider all assignments
within 25 kHz channel bandwidth (or the maximum used bandwidth by existing
assignments) of the centre frequency and within a 120 km radius or 200 km radius
for UHF and VHF bands respectively.
6.11 There are two elements of an “assignment” QoS. The first is self-inflicted, which is
caused by transmissions (and associated traffic) from a system’s own network. The
second is degradation and is caused by other services that provide significant
interference or blocking. The following are the components considered on any
given channel:
Self-inflicted
o Assignment Type (self-inflicted blocking)
Degradation
o Base to Base blocking
o Mobile to Mobile blocking
o Base to Mobile blocking
o Mobile to Base blocking
20Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
6.12 The above factors considered will depend mainly on whether it is a single or dual
frequency channel or if the frequencies being used have different base/mobile
transmit/receive configurations.
The following table summarises how each of the factors are used.
Factor Channel type affected Description
Assignment Type Single/Dual This is self-inflicted blocking from own
system.
Base to Base Single only2 This is the potential blocking from
“unwanted” base stations to the
“wanted” base station. This is either
present or not.
Mobile to Mobile Single only3 This is the potential blocking from
“unwanted” mobile stations to the
“wanted” mobile station.
Base to Mobile Single/Dual frequency This is the potential blocking from
“unwanted” base stations to the
“wanted” mobile station.
Mobile to Base Single/Dual frequency This is the potential blocking from
“unwanted” mobile stations to the
“wanted” base station.
Table 2 - The MASTS QoS Components
6.13 Once all the above factors have been calculated they are summed up to define a
Quality of Service (QoS) for the trial assignment and the existing affected
assignments have their degradation updated in MASTS. A channel is suitable if its
maximum QoS is not breached. This needs to be met in both directions considering
both the trial assignment and the existing licensed assignments. The MASTS
database will be updated with the new assignment and it’s QoS and all affected
existing assignments will also have their QoS updated.
Special Cases
Operational Areas
6.14 These are areas with a defined radius over which mobile to mobile communication
is allowed in the absence of a base station. In MASTS these types of assignments
are considered differently by assuming that the designated service areas are a
direct translation from the requested service area.
2
There may be cases where there is mixed configurations (i.e. both base transmit and receive on the
same frequency) and in this case this component may apply.
3
There may be cases where there is mixed (i.e. both mobile transmit and receive on the same
frequency) configurations and in this case this component may apply.
21Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Fill-in Stations
6.15 Fill-in stations are used for two reasons. Firstly, where coverage over a defined
area cannot be achieved with a single base station and there are holes in the
designated service area. Secondly, they are used for back-up or Emergency use
only.
To make use of fill-in stations they must be engineered so that they are located
within the designated service area of the main licensed Base Station and the
resultant coverage area from them does not exceed the one for the main licensed
base station.
Fill-in stations will undergo the same assignment process as the main base station.
This will be considered on a case-by-case basis. Providing that the coverage area
for fill-in stations does not exceed that of a licensed base station then they are
recorded on the licence as non-chargeable and do not contribute to the licence fee.
Remote Control Points
6.16 Remote control points are used to enable communication through the base station
to the mobile terminals at a different location. There are many different methods
that could be used for Remote Control points. These include using landlines, fixed
links and radio. For Business Radio assignment(s) we will only consider radio use.
6.17 Remote control point coverage will be treated in the same way as base stations
(transmit and receive frequencies will be reversed). They will form part of a
network and the interference between the base station and the remote-control
points from the same system will be ignored. Remote control points must use
directional antennas.
When you submit details of Remote-Control Points or trigger stations please
ensure you provide an accurate antenna height and do not use the default mobile
height of 1.5 metres. This is particularly important when systems are inspected by
Ofcom for compliance with the published licence. As part of the assignment
process you should include details of trigger stations in the application.
Linked Assignments
6.18 For assignments that form part of a system or network the interference effects
between them will be ignored. A linked assignment is assumed to be any
assignment that forms part of the same licence.
22Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Section 7
7 CTCSS Tone Signalling
7.1 Analogue Signalling Codes
Signalling Type Code Frequency
C 1 67
C 2 69.3
C 3 71.9
C 4 74.4
C 5 77
C 6 79.7
C 7 82.5
C 8 85.4
C 9 88.5
C 10 91.5
C 11 94.8
C 12 97.4
C 13 103.5
C 14 107.2
C 15 110.9
C 16 114.8
C 17 118.8
C 18 123
C 19 127.3
C 20 131.8
C 21 136.5
C 22 141.3
23Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
C 23 146.2
C 24 151.4
C 25 156.7
C 26 162.2
C 27 167.9
C 28 173.8
C 29 179.9
C 30 186.2
C 31 192.8
C 32 198
C 33 203.5
C 34 206.5
C 35 210.7
C 36 218.1
C 37 225.7
C 38 229.1
C 39 233.6
C 40 241.8
C 41 250.3
C 42 254.1
24Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
7.2 Digital Signalling Codes (for analogue systems)
Signalling Type Code Frequency
D 23 0
D 43 0
D 114 0
D 115 0
D 212 0
D 25 0
D 53 0
D 122 0
D 125 0
D 26 0
D 54 0
D 131 0
D 132 0
D 246 0
D 31 0
D 65 0
D 134 0
D 143 0
D 252 0
D 71 0
D 72 0
D 145 0
D 155 0
D 255 0
D 73 0
25Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
D 74 0
D 156 0
D 162 0
D 266 0
D 116 0
D 165 0
D 205 0
D 311 0
D 315 0
D 226 0
D 261 0
D 325 0
D 331 0
D 332 0
D 32 0
D 343 0
D 346 0
D 371 0
D 432 0
D 466 0
D 36 0
D 431 0
D 565 0
D 606 0
D 624 0
D 654 0
26Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
7.3 Signalling Codes. CTCSS (Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System) is one type
of circuit that is used to reduce the annoyance of listening to other users on a
shared two-way radio communications channel. It is sometimes referred to as tone
squelch. It does this by adding a low frequency audio tone to the voice. Where
more than one group of users is on the same radio frequency (called co-channel
users), CTCSS circuitry mutes those users who are using a different CTCSS tone
or no CTCSS.
Another type of circuit is DCS (Digitally Coded Squelch). DCS is a further
development of the continuous tone-coded squelch system (or CTCSS) that uses a
slow-speed, binary data stream passed as sub-audible data along with the
transmission. Different DCS code or no DCS, the radio will not unmute the
loudspeaker on the radio.
7.4 Please note that digital PMR technologies such as FDMA and TDMA use a
different ETSI standard for channel access codes. In addition, the manufacturer of
your radio may implement their own proprietary system as such Ofcom at time of
publication does not consider channel access codes for digital PMR systems as
part of the Technically Assigned assignment process.
7.4.1 FDMA (DPMR)
https://dpmrassociation.org/downloads/ETSI/ts_102658v020501p.pdf
7.4.2 TDMA (DMR)
https://www.dmrassociation.org/downloads/standards/ts_10236101v02050
1p.pdf
27Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Annex 1
Recommendation ITU-R P.1546-4
High Level Process Flow
Figure 4 – High Level flow of ITU-R P.1546-4 Propagation Model
28Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
A1.1 Recommendations ITU-R P.1546 is an established ITU propagation model and
utilises many years of real measurements. These measurements are for a receiver
antenna at 10m high and assume different effective antenna heights (the difference
between the antenna height and the mean terrain height of the path profile between
3 and 15km towards the direction of the receiver) of the transmitter at 10, 20, 37.5,
75m and higher. Curves are available for 100, 600 and 2000 MHz. Values for
different frequencies and transmitter effective heights can be interpolated from the
curves. The type of path must be determined land, sea or a mixture of the two
paths.
A1.2 This is then followed by applying several receiver-related correction factors. The
first is the terrain clearance angle at the receiver. The incoming ray angle incident
on the receive antenna calculated from the tangent over the last 16km of the path
between the transmitter and receiver. The second is if the mobile is located within
the clutter (e.g. buildings). The final correction applied is for the receiver height not
equating to 10m.
Configuration
A1.3 The following tables Table 3 and Table 4 provide the configurations of the
propagation model that will be used by Ofcom to determine the wanted signal
strength at the receiver.
Propagation model
Parameter Value
Model ITU-R P.1546-4
https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/p/R-
REC-P.1546-4-200910-S!!PDF-E.pdf
% Locations 50
% Time 50
Receiver Antenna Height 1.5m (for mobiles)
ERP (dBd) Relative to a half wave dipole antenna
Table 3 - Propagation Model Settings
Digital mapping
Parameter Resolution
Terrain data 200m
Clutter data 200m
Table 4 - Digital Mapping Data
29Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Representative clutter heights
A1.4 The following Table 5 represents clutter height values used by Ofcom.
Classification Clutter Height (metres)
Village 8
Suburban 8
Buildings 10
Urban 20
Dense Urban 30
Table 5 - Representative Clutter Heights
30Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Annex 2
2 Technically Assigned Assignment
Process
Detailed Assignment Process
E n ter C u sto m er
D ata
1
U H F -1 P re-check
(u sin g B an d If failed – liaise
cen tre w ith C u sto m er
freq uency )
2
C alcu late M A S T S
C o n to u r
(C o verag e )
3
Tim eslot ch eck M ASTS Q oS P roxim ity check Frequency
4.4 4.3 4.2 A ssig n m en t
T ests (fo r each
ch an n el in
S ig n allin g C o d e G eo -lim it ch eck chann el plan )
ch eck 4.5 4.1 4
R ep o rt p ass/
failed C h an n els
5
Frequency If no ne available
S electio n – liaise w ith
6 C u stom er
C o m m it to U H F-1 U H F -1 R e -ch eck
datab ase 7
If fails an y M o U s – liaise
In tern atio n al
w ith C u stom er befo re
M o U C h ecks
p ro ceed in g w ith
8
In tern atio n al C o-o rd in atio n
Tim eslot S ig n allin g C o d e
A ssign m ent A ssig n m en t
9A 9B
A ssig n m en t
O u tco m e
10
P rovisio n ally assig n R eject(if all
(if In tern atio n al C o- ch ecks an d /o r
o rd in atio n R eq u ired ) In tern atio n al C o-
11 ordination fails)
13
In tern atio n al C o- R esu lt o f
o rd in atio n In tern atio n al C o - PASS
12 ordination
G ran t Licence (If
all checks
p assed )
14
F A IL
Figure 5 - Detailed Process Flow for the Technically Assigned Assignment Process
31Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Enter Customer Details
A2.1 Firstly, the Customer technical details are entered in the licensing system. Any
preferred data such as channels, signalling codes, timeslots will be used in the
assignment process.
UHF1 Pre-check
A2.2 The Customer technical details are assessed for UHF1 frequencies. If this is the
case, then a check with the applied technical parameters of the equipment will be
processed (using the centre frequency of a channel in the UHF1 band). This will
identify if the assignment is allowed in the band. In some circumstances, it may be
possible to continue with a reduced power ERP in the direction of RAF Fylingdales
allowing a 40-kilometre radius for protection.
Calculate MASTS Coverage
A2.3 The MASTS coverage is calculated using the technical parameters of the
equipment using the propagation model. The wanted and unwanted coverage areas
calculated are then derived.
Frequency Assignment Tests
A2.4 The initial set of candidate channels are identified based on the licence product and
frequency band. Then proximity checks and geo-limit checks are carried out on
these channels to reduce the number of candidate channels by ensuring channels
that cannot be used are ruled out before the MASTS algorithm calculation is
undertaken.
A2.5 The Quality of Service (QoS) is calculated using the MASTS algorithm for both the
trial assignment and the existing assignments (and therefore passive and active
interference are considered). The number of candidate channels is then reduced
further by identifying channels that are suitable for assignment. A check on these
channels is then undertaken to ensure that there are signalling codes or timeslots
available (whichever is applicable) that can be used by the user that are suitable for
use on the channels.
Final Checks
A2.6 A UHF1 coordination re-check is then undertaken (if applicable) using the selected
frequency to ensure that it still meets the co-ordination criteria.
A2.7 The next process is to ensure that the trial assignment on the selected channel
meets the criteria placed for International MoUs. If any of the MoUs are breached,
it will be highlighted at this point. Depending on the outcome, these tests will
determine if International Coordination is required.
A2.8 If an assignment requires International Coordination, it will be provisionally assigned
until the outcome is known. If the results of the coordination tests fail, then the
assignment will be rejected for a new assignment.
A2.9 If the assignment passes coordination, then it will be assigned to the user.
32Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Code/Timeslot assignment
A2.10 Any signalling codes or timeslots will be assigned next by identifying which codes
are available within a 120km search radius. Please note that as there are different
colour code schemes available depending on whether the equipment uses the ETSI
standard or another numbering scheme, Ofcom currently does not accommodate
the use of colour codes as it does CTCSS/DCS due to the IS cost of catering for the
different schemes.
When an industry standard is agreed on then this will become part of the technically
assigned assignment process.
Assignment Result
A2.11 A licence will be issued at the end of the Technically Assigned assignment process
showing the frequency(s) to be used by the applicant at the location specified in the
application if the applicant has paid the requested licence fee.
Variation
A2.12 Licence variation is a request to change some of the technical parameters of the
Business Radio (Technically Assigned) licence (such as increase in the antenna
height or the ERP power). Ofcom will review the variation request for the licence
through the Technically Assigned assignment process. This variation process will
need to be repeated if a variation request for an existing assignment is to be
changed for the Customer to ensure that the new parameters do not result in an
unacceptable change to the Quality of Service (QoS).
A2.13 If an assignment is terminated (through either termination or revocation) then the
QoS of all the neighbouring assignments will be updated accordingly.
33Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Annex 3
3 MASTS
Introduction
A3.1 This section provides the MASTS configuration data that will be used throughout
the assignment process.
Configuration
Service and Blocking Thresholds
A3.2 All figures are based on a receiver Service Threshold of -104 dBm/12.5kHz and a
Blocking Threshold of -116 dBm/12.5kHz for assignments above 100 MHz and for
Paging. For assignments between 55.75 MHz and 87.5 MHz the service threshold
is -92 dBm/12.5kHz and the Blocking Threshold is -104 dBm/12.5 kHz.
Band Centre Frequency Bandwidth Service Blocking Threshold
Threshold (dBμ (dBμV/m)
V/m)
Paging 36 MHz 6.25 kHz 1 -11
12.5 kHz 4 -8
25.0 kHz 7 -5
Band1 61 MHz 6.25 kHz 18 6
12.5 kHz 21 9
25.0 kHz 24 12
Low 77 MHz 6.25kHz 20 8
12.5kHz 23 11
25.0kHz 26 14
Mid 151 MHz 6.25kHz 14 2
12.5kHz 17 5
25.0kHz 20 8
High 169 MHz 6.25kHz 15 3
12.5kHz 18 6
25.0kHz 21 9
Band III 191 MHz 6.25kHz 16 4
34Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
12.5kHz 19 7
25.0kHz 22 10
UHF 1 437 MHz 6.25kHz 23 11
12.5kHz 26 14
25.0kHz 29 17
UHF 2 459 MHz 6.25kHz 23 11
12.5kHz 26 14
25.0kHz 29 17
Figure 6 - Service and Blocking Thresholds
Proximity Check
Distance Clearance (m) Comment
500 Co-channel
250 1st adjacent relative to bandwidth
Figure 7 - Proximity Check Criteria
35Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Assignment type
There are two Assignment types; Shared or Exclusive. Each of these assignment types relates to an Activity Factor (AF - which is an input
parameter to the MASTS algorithm). It represents the maximum percentage of time in the busy hour that a system will be transmitting. The
value of Activity Factor (for the system) will be different depending on if it is used in a single or dual frequency mode of operation. The
maximum value of QoS for any given frequency is 1. The maximum value of QoS for any given dual frequency will be the sum of two
frequencies resulting in a value of 2.
Class of Channel Assignment
AFB (BTS-TX) freq1 AFM (MTS-TX) freq 2 QoSown QoSmax
Station Operating Mode Type
Exclusive 1 1 2 2
Dual Frequency
Shared 0.33 0.33 0.66 2
Exclusive 0.5 0.5 1 1
Base Station
Single Frequency
Shared 0.16 0.16 0.33 1
Exclusive N/A 1 1 1
Operational
Single Frequency
Area
Shared N/A 0.33 0.33 1
Table 6- Activity Factors and Maximum QoS for different Station configurations
36Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Annex 4
4 Antennas
Introduction
A4.1 This section provides details of the types of antennas used for Business Radio
systems.
A4.2 Ofcom would like to ensure that these antenna types represent the majority of those
used in practice. If there are other general types of antennas that should be
considered, then please contact us.
A4.3 The seven antenna types are:
Antenna Type Code Directivity
Omni OM Omni-directional
Down-fire DF Horizontal: Omni-directional
Vertical: Directional
Yagi DE Directional
Cardioid DC Directional
Figure-of-Eight D8 Directional
Off-set Omni DO Directional
Radiating Cable/Leaky RC Omni-directional
Feeder
Table 7 - Summary of generic antennas available
A4.4 For each antenna the following additional information will be required:
Gain (dBd, gain with reference to a half-wave dipole);
Tilt (electrical and/or mechanical, Degrees: – down, + up);
For directional antennas the following additional information will also be required:
o Half power beam width (degrees);
o Front-to-back ratio (dB);
o Requested azimuth (degrees clock-wise from True North);
See example diagrams of the generic antenna coverage patterns in figure 8;
See Table 8 for the list of generic HCM antenna codes and antenna gains.
A4.5 The generic antenna coverage pattern conversions are derived from the HCM
Agreement Antenna Codes within Annex 6 of the HCM Agreement. See the
following link for more information on the HCM Agreement Antenna Codes:
http://hcm.bundesnetzagentur.de/http/englisch/verwaltung/index_berliner_vereinbar
ung.htm
37Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Generic Antenna Coverage Patterns
A4.6 These diagrams show examples of the generic antenna coverage patterns.
Note: except for omni-directional antennas, the horizontal coverage pattern will change in
proportion to a change in an antenna’s gain.
Omni (OM), and Radiating cables (RC) Down-fire (DF)
Elliptical (DE) Cardioid (DC)
Figure-of-eight (D8) Offset-omni (DO)
Figure 8 - Antenna Pattern diagrams
38Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Ofcom will need to establish the antenna code before a system can be licensed. Table 8 shows examples of the antenna codes of common antennas. When
the antenna code is known, perhaps by its being licensed already or being included within the manufacturer's datasheet, the applicant could input
the exact antenna code.
Table 8 - Summary of Antenna Types and their Equivalent HCM Code
39Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Band III Antennas
A4.7 The Band III MoUs / Agreements are based on a power-sum process. This means
that any change in an assignment’s technical parameters may affect the overall
available interference margin for other assignments.
A4.8 When performing international coordination calculations, the assignments made in
Band III therefore need to have antenna pattern details that reflect the radio
system’s antenna coverage pattern more accurately.
A4.9 It is intended that suitably more accurate detailed antenna details will be available
for selection for Band III assignment requests.
Antenna Directivity
A4.10 For systems with directional antennas, the vertical and horizontal radiation patterns
(i.e. the gain in 5 degree increments) of the antenna are required. It is the
responsibility of the applicant to either provide Ofcom with the antenna pattern or
provide the accurate HCM Antenna Code. The azimuth, measured in degrees east
of true north, is also required.
Antenna Tilt
A4.11 To adjust the coverage, or perhaps mitigate interference, antennas may include an
angle of tilt (electrical and/or mechanical). The tilt is measured in degrees from the
horizontal (– down, + up).
Down-Fire antennas and Leaky Feeders
A4.12 Down-fire antennas or leaky feeders are usually assigned where coverage is
required to be limited within a building or tunnel.
Antenna Location
A4.13 The derivation of the coverage area is also dependent on where the antenna is
located.
A4.14 If the antenna is located inside a building (indoor) then an attenuation of the field
strength is reduced by 5dB. If the antenna is located underground such as an
underground car park or tunnel, then the radio coverage is limited to 1km in radius
for coordination purposes.Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Annex 5
5 International Coordination
A5.1 The following table provides a summary of all the MoUs and Agreements that
currently apply to Business Radio spectrum. The details of these agreements are
reviewed periodically with the neighbouring Administrations concerned and may be
subject to change.
A5.2 In the absence of a MoU or Agreement for any Business Radio spectrum then the
HCM agreement is usually used.
Frequency MoU Frequency Countries Method
band Range Affected Affected
(MHz)
Band I Memorandum of Understanding 47-68 France Nuisance
concluded between the Field
administrations of France and the strength
United Kingdom on coordination
in the 47-68 MHz frequency band
Low Band N/A N/A N/A N/A
Mid Band The Paris Agreement 138-144 France Preferential
Belgium Channels
Band III GE06 G - F OPS Agreement on 175.8-209 France Power sum
Band III*
GE06 G - HOL OPS Agreement 175.8-209 Netherlands Power sum
on Band III*
GE06 G - BEL OPS Agreement 175.8-209 Belgium Power sum
on Band III*
UHF1 N/A
UHF2 N/A
ALL Memorandum of Understanding 85.0125 - 86.7 / Ireland
71.5125 - 72.7875
on day to day cross border issues
86.7125 - 86.70 /
76.7125 - 77.9875
The frequency ranges in the next
column are paired 81.7 - 83.5 /
68.2 - 70.0
162.05 - 169.0375 /
157.45 - 160.5375
165.05 - 169.8375 /
169.85 - 173.05
453.0125 - 456.9875 /
459.5625 - 462.4
ALL HCM Agreement France Nuisance
Belgium Field
Netherlands strength
Republic of
Ireland
* These Band III Agreements will be replaced in 2009 (for Sub-band 1) and 2012 (for Sub-band 2).
Table 9 - Summary of MoUs
41Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
ITU notification requirements
A5.3 Business Radio assignments need to be internationally coordinated to pass the ITU
notification process and, after which, be automatically entered in the Master
International Frequency Register (MIFR) http://www.itu.int/ITU-
R/terrestrial/broadcast/mifr/index.html;
A5.4 ITU Radio Regulation RR11.2 requires that any frequency assignment to a
transmitting station and to its associated receiving stations shall be notified to the
ITU Radiocommunications Bureau if the use of that assignment can cause harmful
interference to any service of another administration (reference RR11.3a)
A5.5 Similar notifications shall be made for a frequency assignment to a receiving land
station for reception from mobile stations if it is desired to obtain international
recognition for that assignment (reference RR11.7e) to the receiving station
(reference RR11.9)
A5.6 ITU Radio Regulation RR11.2 also requires that any frequency assignment to a
transmitting station and to its associated receiving stations shall also be notified to
the ITU Radiocommunications Bureau if it is desired to obtain international
recognition for that assignment (reference RR11.7e)
A5.7 Ofcom uses RR11.7e to ensure that the use of spectrum within the UK by PMR
assignments is internationally recognised. This recognition would ensure that these
assignments would be taken into consideration when considering international
changes to spectrum use, e.g., RRC-06 Band III
A5.8 Ofcom uses the following forms to notify Business Radio systems for the ITU:
Terrestrial Transmitting Station T12
Terrestrial Receiving Land Station T13
A5.9 Ofcom at times may use the notice form T14 for Terrestrial Typical Transmitting
Station to notify some Simple Light Licensed systems
A5.10 Further information on the ITU Notification processes is available at
http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/terrestrial/tpr/Pages/Notification.aspx
42Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Annex 6
6 Frequency Bands available to Business Radio
Band Frequency Band Single Dual Bandwidths Dual CEPT
(MHz) unless stated Frequency Frequency Available Frequency Aligned?
Channels Channels splits Yes/No
Available Available available
LF1 132.977 – 133.977 kHz Yes No 1 kHz N/A No
LF1A 146.205 – 147.205 kHz Yes No 1 kHz N/A No
Paging 26.225 – 49.49375 Yes Yes 12.5 kHz (See Footnote 1) No
25.0 kHz
VHF Band I 55.75 - 68.0 Yes Yes 12.5 kHz 7 MHz Yes
VHF Low 68.08125 – 87.49375 Yes Yes 6.25 kHz 8.7125 MHz No
Band 12.5 kHz 10.0 MHz
25 kHz 13.5 MHz
VHF Mid 137.9625 – 165.04375 Yes Yes 6.25 kHz 4.5 MHz No
Band 12.5 kHz 4.6 MHz
25.0 kHz2 5.0 MHz
11.0 MHz
VHF High 165.04375 – Yes Yes 6.25 kHz 4.8 MHz No
Band 173.09375 12.5 kHz
25.0 kHz2
Band III 177.20625 – Yes Yes 12.5 kHz 8.0 MHz No
191.493756 25.0 kHz2
UHF Band 425.00625 – Yes Yes 6.25 kHz 5.3875 MHz No
1 (UHF-1) 449.49375 12.5 kHz 14.5 MHz
25.0 kHz 17.0 MHz
17.15 MHz
17.41875 MHz
17.64375 MHz
17.65625 MHz
17.70625 MHz
17.71875 MHz
17.74375 MHz
17.78125 MHz
20.5 MHz
(See Footnote 3)
UHF Band 450.0 – 470.0 Yes Yes 6.25 kHz 5.3 MHz No
2 (UHF-2) 12.5 kHz 5.5 MHz
25.0 kHz 5.65 MHz
6.5 MHz
7.0 MHz
(See Footnote 4)
1) The dual frequency Channel Plans have 12.5 kHz return speech frequencies available at 161 MHz and 164 MHz.
2) Single frequency channels only
3) Most of the UHF1 dual frequency channels are on the 14.5 and 20.5 MHz duplex splits
4) Most of the UHF2 dual frequency channels are on the 5.5 and 6.5 MHz duplex splits
5) Any channels available for Technically Assigned can have a mixture of exclusive or shared use within a geographical area
6) The frequency range 193.2125 MHz to 207.49375 MHz is now allocated on a primary basis to broadcasting, any existing
Business Radio use is expected to vacate the spectrum by 2020, there are no new Business Radio assignments within
this spectrum
43Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Annex 7
7 Special Services
Introduction
A7.1 This section summarises three special types of use of a radio system and provides
references to other information sheets if more detail is required.
Trunked Systems
A7.2 We encourage the use of properly designed, trunked systems because it enables
higher spectrum efficiency and can offer a better service than multiple single
channels. The minimum frequency separation of trunked systems using 12.5 kHz
width channels in bands below 191 MHz such as Mid Band or Band III will usually
be 150 kHz between channels and for UHF systems 75 kHz between channels. For
UHF systems using 25 kHz width channels then the minimum separation is 150 kHz
between channels.
A7.3 Trunked systems will be considered as Exclusive use type systems due to the
requirement to use a control channel.
A7.4 The analogue standard MPT1327 can be found here
http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/frame/20040104233440/http://www.ofcom
.org.uk/static/archive/ra/publication/mpt/mpt_pdf/mpt1327.pdf
A7.5 The standard for DMR can be found here
https://www.dmrassociation.org/downloads/standards/ts_10236101v020501p.pdf
A7.6 The standard for DPMR can be found here
https://dpmrassociation.org/downloads/ETSI/ts_102658v020501p.pdf
IR 2008
A7.7 IR2008 is a radio channel access procedure using 250 or 500 millisecond timeslots
for shared data services on a time domain basis.
A7.8 This is a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol that requires the
assignment of 250 ms (within a two-second frame) or 500 ms (within a four-second
frame) timeslots for both the base and mobile frequencies.
A7.9 Apply for a licence using the Technically Assigned application form (OFW434)
A7.10 https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/28177/ofw434.pdf
44Business Radio Technical Frequency Assignment Criteria
Annex 8
8 Area Defined Geographical Areas
A8.1 There are three ways in which the geographical areas can be defined for the
Business Radio (Area Defined) Licence.
A8.2 These are:
8.2.1 UK or;
8.2.2 The regions and nations, i.e. England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland;
or;
8.2.3 50km2 units based on the grid squares of the 2nd series of Landranger
maps published by Ordnance Survey (derived by splitting the UK extended
grid squares equally into 4) e.g., TQ can be split into TQa, TQb, TQc, TQd;
a) Therefore, as an example TQa would be defined as located within
the co-ordinates of TQ 000 500, TQ 999 999, TQ 500 999.
b) A UK map of the 50km2 units grid squares is seen in Figure 9.
A8.3 This method of defining the geographical areas forms the basis for both the pricing
and the tradable units for the Business Radio (Area Defined) licence product.
45You can also read
