Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale - Tai Calon Community Housing Ltd
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Tai Calon Community Housing Ltd
Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale
Ecology report
August 2019
Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
Contents
Executive summary ....................................................................................... 1
1. Introduction ............................................................................................. 2
2. Survey method ........................................................................................ 2
3. Survey findings ....................................................................................... 3
4. Ecological assessment ........................................................................ 12
5. Potential ecological constraints .......................................................... 17
6. Recommendations for ecological enhancement ............................... 18
7. Recommendations for further survey ................................................. 20
8. References ............................................................................................ 20
Appendix 1. Summary of SEWBReC data search ..................................... 21
Appendix 2. Species list .............................................................................. 24
Document reference: C254/D1/V1
Cover photographs: Left: looking north from Allotment Road: Right: looking north-west
along centre of site.
This document has been produced for Tai Calon Community Housing Ltd by:
Sturgess Ecology
12 Lon Ysgubor, Rhiwbina, Cardiff, CF14 6SG
e-mail: peter@sturgess-ecology.co.uk
Web: www.sturgess-ecology.co.uk
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Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
Executive summary
Tai Calon Community Housing are proposing to redevelop land at Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale.
The study area comprises a former residential building (recently demolished) set within
intensively managed landscaped grounds. It also includes the part of the bank of the River
Ebbw, which is mostly covered by trees, scrub and tall herb vegetation.
The river and its scrub-covered banks are designated as a Site of Importance for Nature
Conservation and therefore considered important in a county context. The habitats within the
rest of the area support only common and widespread species. The site of the former building
has no significance for wildlife and the surrounding mown grassland and paved habitats are
of very limited botanical diversity. The amenity trees and shrubs provide some cover for
wildlife (insects, mosses and lichens), but are only considered significant in a local context.
Several non-native invasive plant species are present, and care should be taken to avoid
spreading them during construction work.
New accommodation is proposed on the site of the former building and some of the adjacent
mown grassland. A series of recommendations are made to minimise disruption to wildlife
during construction and to incorporate biodiversity features into the new development.
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Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
1. Introduction
Tai Calon Community Housing are proposing to redevelop land at Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale
(grid reference SO165113). The study area comprises a former sheltered housing block set
within intensively managed landscaped grounds beside the river Ebbw. At the time of the
survey the building was undergoing demolition.
The ecology study has been commissioned to inform the future plans for the site.
The objectives for the ecology study were:
• To undertake an ecological inspection of the site and to produce a habitat map and
habitat descriptions based on standard phase 1 habitat survey methods.
• To collate relevant existing data for the site through a desk study search.
• To produce a list of plant species observed during the site visit, and any incidental
observations of animals and birds.
• To assess the site’s potential to support protected species and make any necessary
recommendations for further survey to clarify the presence of protected species or any
other ecological constraints.
• To identify any features of significant value for nature conservation.
• To make broad recommendations for avoiding, minimising or mitigating potential
ecological impacts, and to incorporate biodiversity enhancements within the
development design.
A bat survey of the site was carried out as part of a separate study, prior to the demolition of
the building (Wildwood Ecology, 2017). The findings of that study have been taken into
account in the current assessment.
2. Survey method
Desk study
The South-East Wales Biodiversity Records Centre (SEWBReC) was consulted to request
any existing data for protected and priority species and information on nearby Sites of
Importance for Nature Conservation held on their database for a 500m buffer around the site
(SEWBReC search reference 0190-265). A search for statutory protected sites within the
immediate vicinity was carried out by consulting the MAGIC.gov.uk web-site.
Habitat survey
The survey was undertaken by a simple walk-over method, examining and mapping the
various habitat types. Habitats were mapped by eye onto a survey plan, using a method
based on phase 1 habitat mapping conventions (JNCC, 2010). Species were recorded as
they were seen, noting the habitats where they were recorded.
Site inspections were undertaken on 8 and 20 August 2019. (The visit on 8 August was very
brief and could not gain access to the demolition compound.) August is a good time of year
to carry out ecological surveys because many plant species are flowering and readily
identifiable and animals are not undergoing any winter dormancy. The weather on both visits
was sunny with patchy clouds and a light breeze. The fieldwork and assessment were
undertaken by Dr Peter Sturgess CEnv MCIEEM, an experienced ecologist familiar with the
types of habitats and species that would be expected to occur on this site.
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Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
The study area was restricted to the Tai Calon land-holding, with limited observations of the
immediate surroundings. The building was undergoing demolition at the time of the survey,
so it was not possible to enter the structure. Access was gained inside the security fencing
that surrounded the demolition site, so all of the vegetated areas within the study area were
examined.
The majority of plant species were identified in the field, but samples from a few specimens
were collected for later determination (particularly the non-native species). Some ornamental
species from the former garden area were not confirmed to species level, but this is not
considered significant because they are not species likely to be of value for nature
conservation or to cause problems for a future development.
3. Survey findings
Desk study
There are no Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) within 1km of the site. The closest is
Mynydd Llangattock SSSI, which lies approximately 2.2km to the north-east. The closest
European protected site is the Usk Bat Sites Special Area of Conservation, which overlaps
much of Mynydd Llangattock SSSI so is also approximately 2.2km north-east of Glan yr Afon
at its nearest point. These protected sites are not considered further in this report because
of their distance from the study site and because they are separated from it by urban areas
with little connecting habitat.
The Beaufort Hills Pond and Woodland Local Nature Reserve (LNR) lie approximately 500m
to the north of Glan yr Afon at its nearest point. This is a large site with a mix of young
woodland, grassland, heath and wetlands on a former land reclamation site. There is no
direct connectivity with the habitats at Glan yr Afon, and any construction activities here would
not be expected to have an impact on species or habitats within the LNR.
There are several other locally designated sites within 500m of the site.
• The Ebbw River North Section SINC lies immediately adjacent to the study area
northern boundary.
• Land at Park View lies approximately 300m north-west of Glan yr Afon.
• Land off Parkhill Crescent lies approximately 450m east of Glan yr Afon.
The SINC of greatest relevance to this site is the River Ebbw, which is designated for its fish
populations (including Bullhead and Brown Trout), its use by Otters, and its breeding
population of Dippers. It also supports some interesting hybrids and triple hybrids of
Monkeyflower. The Ebbw is a relatively large SINC and is mostly restricted to the river and
immediately adjacent riverbank habitats. In this case the steep southern bank within the Tai
Calon land-holding actually lies within the SINC. The extent of the SINC in relation to the
current study area is shown in Figure 1.
The land at Park View SINC is a large horse-grazed field with a mix of diverse marshy
grassland, semi-improved grassland and scrub. The land off Parkhill Crescent SINC supports
a mosaic of semi-improved, acid and marshy grassland, with areas of exposed rock, coal
spoil and scrub. None of the habitats associated with these two SINCs have any direct links
with Glan yr Afon or are likely to be influenced by any works taking place so far from the study
site.
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Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
Figure 1. River Ebbw SINC in relation to study area boundary.
The SEWBReC data search confirmed just one protected species record from the site itself.
This was a record of a Pipistrelle bat roost, reported in 1995. Bat surveys of the building
carried out more recently found no evidence of roosting bats (Wildwood Ecology, 2017), and
no potential roost cavities remain now that the building has been demolished.
There are several protected species records from nearby. A summary of the species found
in the data search is provided in Appendix 1. The species list provides a helpful indication of
notable species that have been recorded in the general area and might therefore occur on
the site. However, much of the information has been provided as 1km records, which means
that some records are included for species up to 1.5km away, and associated with habitats
that are not present in the current study area. Some information on more mobile protected
species, particularly bats and Barn Owl was provided for up to 3km away. The most relevant
records are discussed in the assessment section of this report.
Habitat survey
The habitat plan is presented as Figure 2. Specific habitats within the site are described by
Target Notes (TN) TN1 to TN14, in Table 1. Each note includes a photograph, a brief
description of the habitat, the main plant species present and any other features of possible
significance to wildlife. The habitat plan is based on a site boundary plan and aerial
photograph. However, it should only be considered approximate because the habitat features
have been plotted by eye. Figure 2 is shown on an aerial photographic background to give
an indication of the habitats in the immediate surrounding area.
A list of the species recorded during the survey is presented in Appendix 2.
4
Figure 2. Habitat survey plan
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Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
Table 1. Habitat Survey Target Notes.
TN Description/ photo
1 Amenity grassland and trees on
the west side of the former
building. Low-diversity short-
mown grass. The main species
are Perennial Rye-grass,
Common Bent and Yorkshire
Fog. Associated herb species
include Common Mouse-ear,
Sorrel, Dandelion, Creeping
Buttercup, Common Cat’s-ear
and Daisy. Other species at a
lower frequency include Broad-
leaved Dock, Curled Dock,
Cuckoo-flower, Greater
Plantain, Ragwort, Red Clover
and White Clover. Several
standard trees around the
margin include Norway Maple,
Cherry and Silver Birch. A small
isolated patch of grass to the
north of the access road also
includes Mouse-ear hawkweed,
Wall Lettuce and Autumn
Hawkbit.
2 Building (now demolished). A
former residential home with
brick walls partly overlaid by
fascia boards, and a flat roof. A
bat survey was carried out prior
to its demolition to confirm that
there were no bats roosting in
the structure.
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Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
TN Description/ photo
3 Ornamental shrubs. A patch of
dense Snowberry at the top of
the riverside bank beside the
former car-park. Separated from
the car-park by a low brick wall.
Other plant species in this area
include Colts-foot, Couch, Wood
Avens, Rose-bay Willowherb
and American Willowherb. The
shrubs are partly shaded by
Sycamore trees.
4 Broadleaved woodland on
riverbank. The north-facing
bank is largely shaded by a
canopy of Sycamore and
Hawthorn, with occasional Goat
Willow, Holly and Snowberry.
The ground flora is dominated
by common mosses, with
sparse grasses and herbs
including Wood Avens, Ivy,
Rose-bay Willowherb, Cock’s-
foot, Red Fescue, Grey Sedge,
Hart’s-tongue Fern, Self-heal,
Meadow Vetchling, Male Fern and Ash saplings. The exposed bedrock beside the
river at the foot of the slope includes sparse plants of Indian Balsam and Maidenhair
Spleenwort.
5 Unmown grass areas. Former
amenity grass areas within the
demolition compound had been
left unmown for several months
and could not be examined in
detail until after the demolition.
They supported a species-poor
sward of Common Bent,
Yorksire Fog, Creeping
Buttercup, Dandelion, Broad-
leaved Dock and Wood Avens.
A single young plant of the non-
native invasive Himalayan
Cotoneaster was also found in this area.
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Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
TN Description/ photo
6 Ornamental shrubs. A belt of tall
shrubs and small trees that were
part of the former landscaped
grounds. The main species
included Holly, Spreading
Oleaster, Elder, Bramble,
Firethorn, Thunberg’s Barberry,
Garden Privet and Hollyberry
Cotoneaster. There is a sparse
ground flora of Wood Avens,
Ivy, Cleavers, Ground Elder,
Raspberry, Hogweed and False
Oat-grass.
7 River Ebbw (outside site
boundary). The river flows in a
stony channel with exposed
boulders and occasional pools.
At the time of the survey it was
approximately 20 to 40cm deep
and between approximately 4
and 10m wide. The aquatic
vegetation is mostly limited to
mosses and algae. The lower
banks are lined by Bramble and
Indian Balsam, with occasional
Willow and Alder trees.
8 Standard trees. A line of
regularly spaced standard trees
have been planted beside the
whole length of the road-side
margin of the study area along
Allotment Road and Glan yr
Afon. The trees include Norway
Maple and Cherry, with
occasional Plane and Willow.
Most of the trees support
abundant epiphytic lichens and
bryophytes.
8Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
TN Description/ photo
9 Amenity grassland. Short-mown
grassland with a very similar
species composition to TN1. It
includes several asphalt
footpaths and a small number of
standard trees near the top of
the river bank.
10 Riverside scrub and tall herbs
(within SINC site boundary). The
bank supports a variable mixture
of dense Bramble, young trees
and tall herbs. Closest to the
water the vegetation includes
Indian Balsam, Monkeyflower,
Angelica, Water Figwort,
Watercress, Soft Rush, Marsh
Marigold, Brooklime,
Bittersweet, Giant Fescue and
Water Pepper. Further up the
bank the Bramble includes a
high proportion of Nettles,
Hedge Bindweed, Cleavers,
Greater Willowherb and small
trees including Alder, Grey
Alder, Sycamore and Grey
Willow. There are several small
patches of Japanese Knotweed.
Other plants include Wild
Raspberry, Ground Elder, Box-
leaved Honeysuckle, Cow
Parsley, Field Horsetail, Broad-
leaved Dock, Herb Robert,
Tufted Hair-grass and Bog
Stitchwort. An area of blockstone bank reinforcement is present that could
potentially be used as a resting site by Otters. No spraint or other signs of Otter
were seen on the banks, but that may be because recent heavy rainfall and high
flows in the river would have washed any evidence away.
9Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
TN Description/ photo
11 Steep bank of amenity
grassland. A north-east-facing
grass bank that appears to be
mown less frequently than the
grass at the top and foot of the
slope. It supports a higher
proportion of coarse grasses
and taller herbs. A few small
eroding sections indicate the
bank is probably formed from
coal spoil. The main grass
species include Yorkshire Fog,
False Oat-grass, Red Fescue,
Common Bent and Creeping
Soft-grass. Frequent herbs
include Yarrow, Hogweed,
Dandelion, Broad-leaved Dock,
Common Cat’s-ear, Colt’s-foot,
Ragwort, Creeping Cinquefoil
and a few plants of Nettle,
Smooth Hawk’s-beard, Common
Knapweed and Lady Fern.
12 Sparsely vegetated hard
standing. An asphalt surface
with mosses and sparse ruderal
plants. The main species
include Broad-leaved Dock,
Perennial Rye-grass, Creeping
Bent, Herb Robert, Knotgrass,
Greater Plantain, Shepherd’s
Purse, Common Bent, Nettle
and Thyme-leaved Sandwort.
10Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
TN Description/ photo
13 Riverside trees and scrub
(within SINC site). A strip of
dense trees along the top of the
bank near the paved area at
TN12 includes Monterey
Cypress, Sycamore, Rowan,
Elder, Goat Willow and Cherry.
There are also dense banks of
Bramble and Wild Raspberry.
Associated flora includes Rose-
bay Willowherb, Wood Avens,
Hogweed, Garlic Mustard,
Couch, Hedge Bindweed, Herb
Robert and False Oat-grass.
Further down the bank the
ground flora is a little sparser
also includes Male Fern, Soft
Shield-fern, Hart’s-tongue Fern,
Cherry Laurel, Hollyberry
Cotoneaster and Damson.
There are several plants of
Montbretia, apparently
established from garden-throw-
outs below an access point near
the road.
14 Scrubby bank (within SINC
site). The eastern-most part of
the study area supports very
dense, low-diversity scrub
vegetation between the road
and the river. There are also
several mature standard trees
of Sycamore and Cherry. The
main scrub-forming species are
Snowberry and Bramble. Other
species present include Couch,
Hogweed, Nettle and Ground
Elder.
11Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
4. Ecological assessment
The following section evaluates the nature conservation value of the habitats and species
within the site, based on the Guidelines for Preliminary Ecological Appraisal (CIEEM, 2017).
The main reference for evaluating the nature conservation features on and around the study
area are the Wales Biodiversity Partnership criteria for selecting Wildlife Sites in Wales
(2008), the Blaenau Gwent Local Biodiversity Action Plan 2015 (LBAP) and the possible
presence of protected species. The various broad groups of plants and animals are discussed
separately, in approximate taxonomic order.
Plants and habitats
The most significant habitat for biodiversity within the study area is the north-eastern margin,
which forms part of the River Ebbw SINC. The dense vegetation and steep sides mean that
the bank is relatively undisturbed and can provide cover for a range of wildlife including
invertebrates, birds, mammals. The river probably also provides a corridor for movement of
wildlife through this part of Ebbw Vale.
The rest of the study area mostly supports closely mown amenity grassland with standard
parkland trees, and a few areas of sparse vegetation at path margins and TN12. These are
common urban habitats, and the height and frequency of the grass cutting means that they
support very little cover for wildlife.
A total of 124 species of vascular plants were identified during the survey. Most of these are
common and widespread species in urban areas, and several have been planted as part of
the landscaping works. None of the species observed are included in the lists of rare plants
in the Wildlife Sites guidelines.
Several plants of local conservation interest were reported in the SEWBReC data. These
included Charlock, Good King Henry and Grass Vetchling from an area of waste ground,
Large Yellow-sedge from the Land at Park View SINC, Spiked Water-milfoil from Rhyd y Blew
Ponds, Small Pondweed from Beaufort Ponds, and Bird Cherry planted near Cambridge
Gardens. None of these are considered to have any relevance to the current study area.
The mown grassland habitat appears to be of relatively recent origin and there is an
insufficient density of meadow herbs or other indicator species to consider the grassland as
important in a county context.
The standard trees are relatively young (most are probably not more than 30 years old) but
many have developed a good covering of mosses and lichens. The species that were
identified growing on the trees are all common species, but their presence and diversity
probably indicates good air quality in the general area.
Abundant lichens and mosses on a
young Norway Maple tree.
12Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
Several species of non-native invasive plants were recorded during the survey. Japanese
Knotweed, Indian Balsam and Montbretia were all present in the scrub-covered riverbank.
Some of the Japanese Knotweed was present close to the top of the bank so its roots could
potentially extend into the adjacent mown grass area. Himalayan Cotoneaster was present
in grassland by the building (TN5), and Hollyberry Cotoneaster was seen in the riverside scrub
and in shrub-planting near the building (TN6). These are listed in Schedule 9 of the Wildlife
and Countryside Act and are discussed further under ‘ecological constraints’.
Japanese Knotweed near top of
riverbank
Montbretia on riverbank
Indian Balsam beside river
13Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
Himalayan Cotoneaster in
grassland beside building.
Hollyberry Cotoneaster in shrub-
planting area at TN8.
Fungi
No fungi were observed during the habitat survey or reported through the data search. The
mown grassland has the potential to support common waxcaps and other grassland fungi but
is probably too nutrient-rich and not old enough to expect them in large numbers or for
uncommon species to be present.
Invertebrates
The river-side scrub and tall herb vegetation probably supports good numbers of
invertebrates. Aquatic invertebrates such as caddis, midges and mayflies are also likely to
be present in large numbers in the river. The probability of any especially rare species being
present is low, but the presence of a good source of flying insects is likely to be of value to
other wildlife; particularly bats and birds.
The closely mown grassland is unlikely to support many invertebrates. The standard roadside
trees also have very limited potential value for invertebrates because most are still relatively
young and are non-native species. The lichen-covered tree bark could provide niches for
some invertebrate species, but these would probably not include any species of significance
for nature conservation.
Several insects of conservation interest were reported through the SEWBReC data search.
These include Zircon Reed Beetle and Black-tailed Skimmer Dragonfly at Beaufort Ponds,
14Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
and Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary records from Waun y Pound and Carno. However, these
were beyond the 500m search buffer and there is no suitable habitat for them in the current
study area. There are also records of Cinnabar and Autumnal Rustic moths, but these are
‘research only’ priority species that are still relatively widespread.
Amphibians
No amphibians were observed during the survey, and there are no potential amphibian
breeding ponds or ditches within the site. The only amphibian reported through the data
search was Common Frog at Rhyd y Blew ponds. There is a possibility that Common Frogs
might be able to spawn in quiet sections of the river, but otherwise the nearest ponds shown
on Ordnance Survey maps are over 800m away and all separated from the study area by
roads and other built up areas. The scrub-covered riverbank could be a good foraging habitat
for amphibians, but there are unlikely to be many present.
Reptiles
The intensively managed grassland provides too little cover to be used by reptiles. The north-
facing, scrub-covered riverbank is probably too cold and damp to be a favourable habitat for
them, although there is limited potential along the drier southern edge of the scrub. No
records of reptiles were reported through the SEWBReC data. Overall, the probability of
reptiles occurring in the study area is negligible.
Birds
Very few birds were observed during the survey, and most of those that were seen were
associated with the riverside scrub. The scrub and trees near to the river probably support a
good number of birds that are common in urban areas. The closest bird record to this site in
the SEWBReC data is a record of a Dipper. Dippers probably still use the adjacent river, but
there do not appear to be any suitable nest sites close by.
The ornamental shrubs at TN6 are due to be removed as part of the demolition work, so a
careful search was carried out for nesting birds in this area. A Wood Pigeon nest was present,
with one young bird still being fed by its parents. The young bird appeared to be almost ready
to fly, and the demolition team was advised to delay the removal of the scrub until the bird
was no longer using this area. Several other old bird nests were also found nearby and were
all unoccupied.
Young pigeon beside its nest, in
shrubs at TN6.
The majority of the records in the SEWBReC data search were of birds. However, most of
these are of common species, or birds from further away (especially from wetland sites) that
are unlikely to use the habitats in the study area.
15Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
Mammals
With the exception of the riverside scrub, most of the study area supports insufficient
vegetation cover to provide suitable habitat for wild mammals, and no signs of any were seen
during the survey. The trees are generally too young to have cavities suitable for roosting
bats. The site is very likely to be used by foraging bats, especially feeding on aquatic insects
above the river and associated with the adjacent trees and scrub. However, the street lighting
from the road would probably deter any light-sensitive species.
The majority of the SEWBReC data search mammal records were of bats and these were
generally from outside the 500m search buffer. However, there was a Pipistrelle bat roost
record from Glan yr Afon Court in 1995. There were no other roost records within 500m. The
bat records from the wider area included Pipistrelle, Noctule and Lesser Horseshoe bats.
The SEWBReC data search produced very few other mammal records. The closest was a
record of Hedgehog from a built-up area 180m west of the study area in 2015, and another
from 500m to the east, also in 2015. A dead Otter was reported on a road approximately
250m to the east in 2006. Both of these species could still be expected to occur in the study
area, at least occasionally, with the riverside scrub being the most likely habitat for them.
Summary of nature conservation value
The nature conservation significance of the features within the site are summarised in Table
2 below. Where a feature is considered significant, its value is expressed in terms of the
geographical context within which it is considered to be important (e.g. an SSSI would be
nationally important, while a species-rich hedgerow might be locally important).
Table 2. Summary of nature conservation value
Feature Summary of nature conservation importance
River Ebbw (outside site) SINC site of County Value.
Riverside scrub. Part of SINC site, so of County Value.
Grassland habitat Not significant. Low diversity, common and widespread species.
Standard trees Ecological value within the site. Limited structure and
diversity, but with some value for common mosses, lichens, and
invertebrates.
Ornamental shrubs Ecological value within the site. Limited range of species, but
providing cover and feeding habitat for nesting birds.
Plants Not significant. Limited to common and widespread species.
Fungi Not significant. Unlikely to support any notable species.
Invertebrates Not significant. Probably limited to common and widespread
species. The river may produce good numbers of flying insects,
but no uncommon species would be expected.
Amphibians Not significant. No suitable habitat or evidence of presence.
Reptiles Not significant. No suitable habitat or evidence of presence.
Birds Not significant. Limited nesting and feeding habitat, only likely
to support small numbers of common species.
Mammals Not significant. May occasionally support foraging bats, but
roosting is very unlikely. Otters may pass along the adjacent river
from time to time, but would not be expected to breed in the site.
16Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
5. Potential ecological constraints
The following section summarises the potential ecological constraints relating to this project
that would result from wildlife legislation. These should be taken into account during the
design and construction phases of the works.
River Ebbw SINC
Provisional indications regarding the possible future design for the site suggest that there will
be no direct impacts on the River Ebbw SINC. SINCs are protected through the Local
Development Plan and planning process, and the land up to the top of the bank should be
considered a constraint to the design. If any work is required that would need work carried
out within the SINC, for example in relation to surface water drainage, the work may require
Ordinary Watercourse Consent from the local authority and/or a Land Drainage Consent from
Natural Resources Wales.
Nesting birds
All wild bird nests, while they are being built or used, are protected under the Wildlife and
Countryside Act 1981. Damage and disturbance to nests should therefore be avoided.
In this case, some advice has already been given during the site visit, to protect the Wood
Pigeon nest at TN6 until the young bird has fledged. There is very little other nesting habitat
on most of the site, with the exception of the riverside trees and scrub. Most of the roadside
standard trees are unlikely to support nests because they are open-branched species in
exposed locations, but the possibility of nests cannot be ruled out.
It is generally recommended that clearance of any trees/ shrubs should be undertaken outside
the bird nesting season. If clearance work is expected to affect potential nesting habitat
between March and August inclusive, it would be appropriate to take further advice from an
ecologist and to carry out a bird survey immediately before the work commences to ensure
that any nests are given appropriate protection.
Bats
All species of British bat and their roosts are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act
1981, and bats are classified as European Protected Species under the Conservation of
Habitats and Species Regulations 2017. This makes it an offence to kill, injure or disturb a
bat and to destroy any place used for rest or shelter by a bat.
The 2017 bat survey considered the risk of bats being present in the former building or the
nearby trees to be negligible and this is still likely to be the case. The building has been
removed, but as the trees become older there is an increasing risk that some may develop
cracks or cavities that might potentially harbour bat; particularly if several years elapse before
the next phase of the project. In that situation a pre-construction re-check would be
appropriate if any trees are likely to be removed.
Otter
Otters are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and classified as a
European Protected Species under the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations
2017. This makes it an offence to kill, injure or disturb an Otter or to destroy any place it uses
as a breeding or resting site. There is potential for the dense riverside scrub to provide Otter
resting sites. Therefore if any development plans would affect this a check should be carried
out for Otters. (There were no signs of Otters during the recent survey but this may have
been due to the recent heavy rain and high flows in the river.) A licence from NRW would be
required for any work that would affect an Otter resting or breeding site.
17Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
Gaps in the block-stone river-bank
reinforcement could feasibly be
used as resting sites by Otters.
Schedule 9 plants
Japanese Knotweed, Indian Balsam, Montbretia, Himalayan Cotoneaster and Hollyberry
Cotoneaster were found during the survey. These are all non-native invasive species that
are included in Part II of Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, making it
unlawful to cause them to spread in the wild.
The Japanese Knotweed is likely to have the highest risk of spreading during construction,
because its roots may extend into the mown grass area. As a general guideline, Knotweed
roots can potentially spread for up to 7m from the stems that are visible above the ground.
Therefore if any of the proposed works would be carried out within 7m of the Knotweed it
would be appropriate to consult a Knotweed specialist to advise on measures to prevent its
spread. Given the problems that can be caused by Japanese Knotweed it may be beneficial
to eradicate it from the riverbank on a precautionary basis, as its extent is unlikely to reduce
naturally.
In this case there is unlikely to be any risk of spreading Montbretia or Indian Balsam, which
are currently limited to the riverbank, but care must be taken if any works are planned in this
area.
The two Cotoneaster species are typically spread by seed via bird-droppings, and physically
removing the plants growing near the buildings with the rest of the demolition waste (as is
currently planned), as controlled waste to a licenced tip, may be all that is necessary to
remove them.
6. Recommendations for ecological enhancement
The proposed redevelopment would probably provide new accommodation on the site of the
former building and probably extend into some of the adjacent mown grass area. The
redevelopment could present a number of opportunities to benefit wildlife, either as part of the
new building or the adjacent grounds.
The following measures are all suggestions of ways to benefit wildlife. None are compulsory,
and there is no maximum or minimum number to achieve. However, if more such measures
are incorporated, then more habitat will be created for wildlife. (This would be beneficial in
terms of the Blaenau Gwent Local Biodiversity Action Plan, which includes a Habitat Action
Plan for public green space and gardens.)
18Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
1. Retain the riverbank as a mix of dense trees and scrub, and keep it as undisturbed as
possible, to provide cover for wildlife. Consider enhancing the riverbank habitat by
selectively removing the Japanese Knotweed, to prevent it from encroaching further
over native species.
2. Retain existing trees where possible, e.g. at the margins of the site that will not be
directly affected by the redevelopment. The older trees provide a much greater
amount of foliage than newly planted trees, and the communities of mosses and
lichens they support will be able to continue to provide habitat for invertebrates.
3. Incorporate new trees into the future landscaping. Trees should be chosen that will
not grow too large for the site and have relatively low maintenance requirements.
Ideally they should be native species or species known to be beneficial for wildlife (e.g.
by providing flowers for insects and berries for birds). Suitable trees for this type of
urban planting could include Rowan, Whitebeam, Hawthorn, Apple, Pear, Alder
Buckthorn, Bird Cherry, Spindle and Holly.
4. Consider planting hedges if new boundaries are required. Thorny species such as
Firethorn, Barberry and Hawthorn can provide good habitat for birds and insects and
are also good for security.
5. Include bird nesting boxes in the new buildings. Ideally they should be set into the
brickwork rather than simply hung on the outside where they might be removed. Bird
boxes should ideally be positioned at least 3m from the ground, preferably just below
roof level, not in direct sunlight or near potential sources of disturbance, and not
directly above doors or windows. Possible box types could include Schwegler Brick
Box Type 24 or 1SP, Vivara Pro Woodstone House Sparrow Nest Box, but there are
several other types of integrated nest box available. An ecologist should be consulted
to check that the density and positioning of the boxes would be most effective at
attracting birds.
6. Include bat-boxes/ bat-bricks on or in the south or west facing side of new buildings.
The boxes should be incorporated into the fabric of the building, rather than added on
the outside, where they might be removed by future occupants. The boxes should be
between 4 and 7m from the ground, and not installed directly over doors or windows.
Access points to bat-boxes should be free from obstructions and ideally in quiet, unlit
areas. Recommended models could include the 1FFH Schwegler Universal Bat Box,
Ibstock Enclosed Bat Box 'C', or Forticrete Bat Box. The locations should be agreed
with an ecologist; the best locations for bat boxes in this case would be closest to the
river-side trees and scrub.
7. Include new wildlife-friendly shrub and flower planting beds around the new building.
These should include a high proportion of flowering and berry-bearing shrubs /
perennials known to have a benefit for insects and birds. They might include, for
example, Lavender, Rosemary, Marjoram, Foxglove, Catmint, Heathers, Iceplant,
Helenium, Pyracantha, or Cotoneaster (non-invasive types only). Many other species
could also be considered. Ideally the new gardens would support a wide variety of
flowers, with nectar available to insects right through the year. Useful sources of
advice include the RSPB publication Gardening for Wildlife (Thomas, 2010) and RSPB
website, and the Royal Horticultural Society Plants for Pollinators website
(rhs.org.uk/science/conservation-biodiversity/wildlife/plants-for-pollinators).
8. Where space is limited, climbing plants can provide valuable cover for birds and
insects, and can be grown over walls, fences or trellises. Useful species could include
Honeysuckle, Jasmine, and Ivy.
9. Including a small pond or water-feature, even just a simple bird-bath, could be very
useful for wildlife, and bring wildlife within easy view of residents. A pond would be
used by birds, and possibly amphibians, and if planted with native pond plants could
19Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
potentially support insects including dragonflies and damselflies. The design of any
pond or water feature should take account of public safety and maintenance
requirements.
10. Consideration could be given to adding green roofs to some of the new buildings or
structures, e.g. a Sedum roof covering for new garages or other outbuildings. These
would be a good biodiversity feature and also help to reduce the speed of the water
draining from the site. Incorporating one or more 'rain gardens' that would help to slow
down the rainfall draining from roofs and other hard surfaces could also be considered
(further information from https://raingardens.info/.)
11. If any retaining walls are required, these could be designed to maximise the potential
cavities and gaps for wildlife without compromising their structural function. If retaining
walls have to be faced with concrete or brick they could still incorporate purpose-built
cavities for wildlife, or spaces to plant climbing plants.
12. When carrying out the landscaping works in the long term, reduce the potential
impacts on wildlife by minimising use of herbicides or pesticides. If any are required
(e.g. for Knotweed control), only non-residual types should be used. If any compost,
mulch or soil conditioners are required, endeavour to use only peat-free types.
7. Recommendations for further survey
In the event that the proposed development does not take place for a year or more, or the
extent of the proposed works changes significantly, the habitat survey should be repeated
(but not during the winter) and the potential ecological constraints re-assessed.
If any trees or shrubs are scheduled to be removed between March and August inclusive a
check should be carried out to confirm whether there are any bird nests present.
If any work is required that would affect the riverbank, a pre-works ecology check should be
carried out before the work commences to confirm if there are any specific constraints to
works in that area (e.g. nesting birds, Otters, invasive species).
8. References
Blaenau Gwent County Borough Council (2015). Blaenau Gwent Local Biodiversity Action
Plan.
CIEEM (2017) Guidelines for Preliminary Ecological Appraisal, 2nd edition. Chartered
Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management, Winchester.
Gunnell, K, Murphy, B. and Williams C. (2013). Designing for Biodiversity: A technical guide
for new and existing buildings. RIBA Publishing, London.
JNCC (2010). Handbook for Phase 1 Habitat Survey – A Technique for Environmental Audit.
Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.
Thomas, A. (2010). RSPB Gardening for Wildlife.
Wales Biodiversity Partnership (2008). Guidelines for the Selection of Wildlife Sites in Wales.
Wildwood Ecology (2017). Tai Calon (3x Sheltered Housing Sites). Preliminary Roost
Assessment Report. 18th October 2017. Unpublished report to Stride Treglown Architects.
20Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
Appendix 1. Summary of SEWBReC data search
The following tables summarise the records obtained through the SEWBReC data search
(data search reference 0190-265) for protected and priority species. Records of non-native
invasive species have also been included. The search used a 500m search buffer around
the site boundary. However, some records have been provided from a wider area than this
for more mobile protected species (e.g. Bats and Barn Owl) and where the search area
intersects with records that have been submitted as 1km or 2km tetrad records. Species from
further than 500m away are highlighted with an asterisk.
The following abbreviations are used to indicate the nature conservation status of each
species:
Abbreviation Species status
Bdir1 EC Birds Directive Annex 1 Species
Bdir21 EC Birds Directive Annex 2.1 Species
Bdir22 EC Birds Directive Annex 2.2 Species
Bern Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats
Bonn The Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals Species
CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Species
EPS European Protected Species
HDir EU Habitats Directive Species
INNS Invasive non-native species
LBAP Blaenau Gwent Local Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Species
LI Locally Important Species (as identified by local specialists) in SEWBReC area.
RD1 UK Red Data Book Species (based on IUCN criteria)
RD2 UK Red Data Book Species (not based on IUCN criteria)
S7 Environment Act (Wales) Section 7 Species (Priority Species in Wales)
UKBAm RSPB UK Amber listed birds (not based on IUCN criteria)
UKBAP UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Species
UKBR RSPB UK Red listed birds (not based on IUCN criteria)
WBAm RSPB Welsh Amber listed birds (not based on IUCN criteria)
WBR RSPB Welsh Red listed birds (not based on IUCN criteria)
WCA1.1 Wildlife and Countryside Act Schedule 1 Part 1 Species
WCA5 Wildlife and Countryside Act Schedule 5 Species
WCA8 Wildlife and Countryside Act Schedule 8 Species
WCA9 Wildlife and Countryside Act Schedule 9 Species
WVP IUCN Threat Listing of Welsh Vascular Plants
21Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
Protected and priority species within 500m search buffer
(Species with European and UK Legal Protection, Section 7 (Environment Act Wales) Species
& UK BAP Priority Species.)
Scientific Name Common Name Status
Alauda arvensis Skylark BDir22, S7, WBAm, UKBR
Boloria selene * Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary S7, UKBAP, RD1, LBAP, LI
Chiroptera Bats EPS, WCA5, S7
Donacia aquatica * Zircon Reed Beetle S7, UKBAP
Emberiza schoeniclus Reed Bunting S7, UKBAP, Bern, WBAm, UKBR
Erinaceus europaeus West European Hedgehog S7, UKBAP, Bern, LBAP
Falco peregrinus Peregrine BDir1, WCA1.1, Bonn, Bern, CITES, LBAP, UKBAm
Lutra lutra European Otter EPS, HDir, WCA5, S7, UKBAP, Bern, CITES, RD1,
RD2
Milvus milvus * Red Kite BDir1, WCA1.1, WCA9, Bonn, CITES, RD1, WBAm,
UKBAm
Numenius arquata Curlew BDir22, S7, UKBAP, Bonn, RD1, WBR, UKBAm
Nyctalus noctula Noctule Bat EPS, HDir, WCA5, S7, UKBAP, Bonn, Bern, RD2
Passer domesticus House Sparrow S7, UKBAP, Bern, WBAm, UKBR
Pipistrellus Pipistrelle Bat species EPS, WCA5
Pipistrellus pipistrellus Common Pipistrelle EPS, HDir, WCA5, S7, Bonn, Bern
Prunella modularis Dunnock S7, UKBAP, Bern, UKBAm
Pyrrhula pyrrhula Bullfinch S7, UKBAP, WBR, UKBR
Rana temporaria Common Frog HDir, WCA5, Bern
Rhinolophus hipposideros * Lesser Horseshoe Bat EPS, HDir, WCA5, S7, UKBAP, Bonn, Bern, RD2
Sturnus vulgaris Starling BDir22, S7, UKBAP, Bern, WBR, UKBR
Turdus philomelos Song Thrush BDir22, S7, UKBAP, Bern, WBAm, UKBR
Turdus torquatus Ring Ouzel S7, UKBAP, Bern, WBR, UKBR
Tyto alba Barn Owl WCA1.1, WCA9, Bern, CITES, WBAm, UKBAm
Vanellus vanellus Lapwing BDir22, S7, UKBAP, Bonn, WBR, UKBAm
Priority (‘research only’) species within 500m search buffer
The following Priority Species were also present in the search area but have been excluded
from the main table because they are listed on the UK BAP as ‘research only’ species.
Scientific Name Common Name Status
Eugnorisma glareosa Autumnal Rustic S7, UKBAP
Larus argentatus Herring Gull BDir22, S7, UKBAP, Bonn, Bern, WBR, UKBR,
UKBAm
Tyria jacobaeae Cinnabar S7, UKBAP
22Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
Other species of conservation concern within 500m search buffer
(Global Red List, British Red Data Book, Nationally Rare & Scarce, Welsh Red and Amber
Birds & Welsh Vascular Plant Red Data List where these are not identified in Priority
category.)
Scientific Name Common Name Status
Actitis hypoleucos * Common Sandpiper Bonn, Bern, WBAm
Aegithalos caudatus * Long-tailed Tit WBAm
Anas clypeata * Shoveler BDir21, Bonn, CITES, WBAm, UKBAm
Anas penelope * Wigeon BDir21, Bonn, CITES, WBAm, UKBAm
Anas platyrhynchos * Mallard BDir21, Bonn, WBAm, UKBAm
Anthus pratensis Meadow Pipit Bern, WBAm, UKBAm
Apus apus Swift WBAm, UKBAm
Aythya ferina * Pochard BDir21, Bonn, WBR, UKBR, UKBAm
Aythya fuligula * Tufted Duck BDir21, Bonn, WBAm
Carex flava Large Yellow-sedge RD1, RD2
Chenopodium bonus- Good-King-Henry RD1, LI
henricus
Cinclus cinclus * Dipper Bern, WBAm, UKBAm
Cygnus olor * Mute Swan BDir22, Bonn, WBAm, UKBAm
Gallinago gallinago * Snipe BDir21, Bonn, WBAm, UKBAm
Larus fuscus * Lesser Black-backed Gull BDir22, Bonn, Bern, WBAm, UKBAm
Oenanthe oenanthe Wheatear Bern, WBAm
Periparus ater * Coal Tit Bern, WBAm
Puffinus puffinus Manx Shearwater Bern, WBAm, UKBAm
Regulus regulus * Goldcrest Bern, WBAm, UKBAm
Sinapis arvensis Charlock WVP
Other species of local conservation concern within 500m search buffer
Scientific Name Common Name Status
Lathyrus nissolia Grass Vetchling LI
Myriophyllum spicatum Spiked Water-milfoil LBAP, LI
Orthetrum cancellatum * Black-tailed Skimmer LI
Potamogeton berchtoldii * Small Pondweed LI
Prunus padus Bird Cherry LI
Invasive non-native species within 500m search buffer
Scientific Name Common Name Status
Branta canadensis * Canada Goose BDir21, WCA9, Bonn, INNS
Cotoneaster simonsii Himalayan Cotoneaster WCA9, INNS
Crocosmia pottsii x aurea = Montbretia WCA9, INNS
C. x crocosmiiflora
Elodea canadensis Canadian Waterweed INNS
Fallopia japonica Japanese Knotweed WCA9, INNS
Heracleum mantegazzianum Giant Hogweed WCA9, INNS
23Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
Appendix 2. Species list
This list presents the scientific and common names of the species observed at Glan yr Afon,
Ebbw Vale (grid reference SO165113) on 20 August 2019. This must not be regarded as a
complete list due to the nature of this type of survey.
The frequency column provides a rough estimate of abundance for the vascular plant species.
This uses the DAFOR scale, where D = Dominant, A = Abundant, F = Frequent, O =
Occasional and R = Rare. A ‘+’ is used to indicate the presence of other species. A frequency
value shown in brackets denotes a species that was just outside the study area boundary.
Species Common Name Frequency
VASCULAR PLANTS
Acer platanoides Norway Maple F
Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R
Achillea millefolium Yarrow F
Aegopodium podagraria Ground Elder F
Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A
Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent A
Alnus glutinosa Alder R
Alnus incana Grey Alder R
Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel R
Angelica sylvestris Angelica R
Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass O
Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley R
Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme-Leaved Sandwort R
Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F
Asplenium scolopendrium Hart’s-tongue Fern R
Asplenium trichomanes Maidenhair Spleenwort R
Athyrium filix-femina Lady Fern R
Bellis perennis Daisy F
Berberis thunbergii Japanese Barberry R
Betula pendula Silver Birch R
Betula pubescens Downy Birch R
Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold R
Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed F
Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd’s Purse R
Cardamine cf flexuosa Wavy Bittercress O
Cardamine pratensis Cuckoo Flower O
Carex divulsa Grey Sedge R
Centaurea nigra Common Knapweed O
Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O
Chamerion angustifolium Rose-bay Willowherb O
Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R
Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R
Cotoneaster bullatus Hollyberry Cotoneaster R
Cotoneaster simonsii Himalayan Cotoneaster R
Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O
Crepis capillaris Smooth Hawkbit O
Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora Montbretia R
Cupressus cf macrocarpa Monterey Cypress R
24Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
Dactylis glomerata Cock’s-foot Grass F
Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass R
Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler-fern R
Dryopteris filix-mas Male Fern O
Elaeagnus cf umbellata Spreading Oleaster R
Elytrigia repens Couch O
Epilobium ciliatum American Willowherb O
Epilobium hirsutum Greater Willowherb O
Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O
Festuca rubra Red Fescue F
Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry R
Fraxinus excelsior Ash O
Galium aparine Cleavers F
Geranium robertianum Herb Robert O
Geum urbanum Wood Avens O
Hedera helix sl Ivy F
Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O
Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog A
Holcus mollis Creeping Soft-grass O
Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat’s-Ear O
Ilex aquifolium Holly R
Impatiens glandulifera Indian Balsam O
Juncus acutiflorus Sharp-flowered Rush R
Juncus effusus Soft Rush R
Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R
Ligustrum ovalifolium Garden Privet R
Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass A
Lonicera pileata Box-leaved Honeysuckle R
Lotus corniculatus Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil R
Lotus pedunculatus Greater Bird’s-foot Trefoil O
Luzula campestris Field Woodrush R
Matricaria discoidea Pineappleweed O
Mimulus cf guttatus Monkeyflower O
Mycelis muralis Wall Lettuce R
Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-me-not O
Nasturtium officinale Watercress R
Persicaria hydropiper Water-pepper R
Pilosella officinarum Mouse-ear Hawkweed R
Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O
Plantago major Greater Plantain O
Platanus x hispanica. London Plane R
Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O
Polygonum aviculare Knotgrass R
Polystichum setiferum Soft Shield-fern R
Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O
Prunella vulgaris Self-Heal O
Prunus cf avium Cherry F
Prunus domestica ssp insititia Damson R
Prunus laurocerasus Cherry Laurel R
Pyracantha coccinea Firethorn R
Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup F
Reynoutria japonica Japanese Knotweed O
25Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
Ribes nigrum Blackcurrant R
Rosa canina Dog Rose R
Rubus fruticosus Bramble A
Rubus idaeus Raspberry F
Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel F
Rumex crispus Curled Dock R
Rumex obtusifolius Broad-Leaved Dock F
Sagina procumbens Procumbent Pearlwort O
Salix caprea Goat Willow O
Salix cinerea Grey Willow R
Salix sp. Willow (indet. hybrid) R
Salix viminalis Osier R
Sambucus nigra Elder R
Schedonorus giganteus Giant Fescue R
Scorzoneroides autumnalis Autumn Hawk-bit O
Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort R
Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O
Senecio vulgaris Groundsel O
Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R
Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle R
Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle R
Sorbus aucuparia Rowan R
Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R
Stellaria alsine Bog Stitchwort R
Symphoricarpos albus Snowberry O
Taraxacum sp. Dandelion F
Trifolium pratense Red Clover O
Trifolium repens White Clover O
Tussilago farfara Colt’s Foot O
Urtica dioica Nettle F
Veronica beccabunga Brooklime R
Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell R
Vicia sepium Bush Vetch R
Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-Tail Fescue R
BRYOPHYTES
Brachythecium rutabulum Rough-stalked Feather-moss +
Calliergonella cuspidata Pointed Spear-moss +
Fissidens taxifolius Common Pocket-moss +
Frullania dilatata Dilated Scalewort +
Homalothecium sericeum Silky Wall Feather-moss +
Hypnum cupressiforme Cypress-leaved Plait-moss +
Kindbergia praelonga Common Feather-moss +
Lunularia cruciata Crescent-cup Liverwort +
Orthotrichum affine Wood Bristle-moss +
Platyhypnidium riparioides Long-beaked Water Feather-moss +
Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus Springy Turf-moss +
LICHENS
Evernia prunastri Lichen +
Hypogymnia tubulosa Lichen +
Melanelia fuliginosa ssp. glabratula Lichen +
Parmelia sulcata Lichen +
Physcia tenella Lichen +
26Glan yr Afon, Ebbw Vale. Ecology Report August 2019
Ramalina farinacea Lichen +
Ramalina fastigiata Lichen +
Usnea sp Lichen +
Xanthoria parietina Lichen +
FUNGI
Rhytisma acerinum Sycamore Tar-spot +
INVERTEBRATES
Butterflies
Pieris napi Green-veined White Butterfly +
Vanessa cardui Painted Lady Butterfly +
Pararge aegeria Speckled Wood Butterfly +
BIRDS
Carduelis carduelis Goldfinch +
Columba palumbus Wood Pigeon +
Corvus corone Carrion Crow +
Corvus monedula Jackdaw +
Erithacus rubecula Robin +
Parus caeruleus Blue Tit +
Turdus merula Blackbird +
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