Phase IV monitoring 2020-21 All India Tiger Estimation 2021-22 - Karnataka Forest Department
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Phase IV monitoring 2020-21
All India Tiger Estimation 2021-22
Karnataka Forest Department
Index Data- Beats in place of Grids as a practical solution
for Systematic Sampling
-Carnivore sign index
-Ungulate abundance index
Phase- I
(8 day -Human disturbance index
protocol in
all Tiger -Habitat indices
Bearing
Indices Forests)
-“Human Foot Print” indices
Phase- II -Habitat indices
(Remotely
Sensed -Landscape indices
by WII)
- Camera Traps – Mark-
recapture- Tigers
Absolute Abundance Phase- III
( Tiger -Distance Sampling for
Reserves) Ungulates.
Basic understanding & concept
◼ Field data collected by beat guard is useful not
only for his own area but more importantly, also
for the entire landscape.
◼ Casual, defective or cooked up data collected by
few individuals can distort the results of entire
landscape.
◼ Even absence of tiger signs is an important
indicator, in relation to the other parameters.
Form 1: Carnivore
sign survey and
analysis
Beat wise monitoring of sign encounters
• Field Days - 3
• 3 days carnivore sign survey - 4-6 km on different
trails everyday
• For 3days 15kms
• Form-1 Carnivore and Mega-Herbivore Sign
Survey Datasheet
• Materials : Android sets / GPS/ Battery / Camera
/Scat collection kit / wooden scale
Carnivore sign survey
◼ Day 1
◼ Walk at least 5 km in a part of beat & record data as per
instructions.
◼ Use Form 1 of MSTrIPES Ecological application.
◼ Day 2 & 3
◼ Repeat the exercise in remaining area of beat covering entire
beat.
◼ Walk at least 15 km per beat in the 3 days survey.
It is not mandate that entire division has to conduct the survey
on the same dates, block wise method can be implemented
based on logistics and skilled manpower availability.
…carnivore sign survey
◼ There are also 5 questions in datasheet-I. Fill up the
information for tigress and female leopard with cubs and
incidences of cattle attack.
◼ Cases of recent human attack can be recorded in
remarks. ( para. 6 )
◼ If sign types are not identifiable, note their details in
remarks.
◼ Note any other important observation in remarks section
Issues in sampling design
1
2
3
1
3 2
Day 2
Day 1
Day 3
Carnivore sign survey in a beat- Beat divided into 3 parts.Forest Beat with 3 Sign Sampling tracks and 2 Transect lines
(Beat size :10-12 Sq. Kms)
Line transect-1 Line transect-2
1
2
3Carnivore sign survey
• Illusive species, but
visible signs
• Intensive search
• Search in most
likely areas in each
Beat
• 3 searches each of
4-6 km
• Important to record
distance covered in
each search
• Same cluster of beats
identified for
camera trap
samplingForm – 1 Field protocols • Minimum 3 members in the Team • Person in middle will scan for signs in the middle of road, Team members on left and right will scan the edge of the road 2-3 m away. • Each Pugmark trail set ( say 1 km) is considered as “one sign”, record repetitive pugmarks every 500m • Be more Vigilant at Road/Foot-trail Junctions, Waterholes or water bodies and scan wider areas. • Intensive search.
Indirect Evidences 1. Foot prints 2. Faecal matters 3. Signs left by the animals
Pugmarks
c. Pug marks
Tiger Leopard
Wild dogSloth Bear
OtterForm-1 PUGMARK_TRA CK
1. Faecal matters a. Scats Civets, Cats, Wild dog, Sloth Bear, Otter b. Pellets Sambar, Deer, Black naped Hare c. Dung Elephant, Gaur d. Droppings Primates, Wild pig, Porcupine
Tiger • Large size in cluster
Leopard • With primate hair
Wild Dog • In several clusters
Sloth Bear • With seeds and beetles
Form-1
SCAT_DUNGForm-1
SCRAPERAKE MARKS
MSTrIPES ecological app: Android version 9 and above
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 1
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 1
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 1
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 1
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 1
Importing in MSTrIPES desktop
Carnivore occupancy • It is possible that the surveyed beat is having the presence of tigers or other carnivores, however, during the sign survey no evidence was found. • In such cases occupancy models allow and correct imperfect detection. Therefore, report actual data as collected from the field and do not worry if it does not show a tiger sign. • Occupancy models also incorporate covariates, i.e. factors that influence the presence of carnivores (tigers/leopards/etc. ) in an area, eg. Human disturbance, prey availability, habitat quality.
Form 2: Ungulate line transect and analysis
Ungulate line transect
• Visible species
• Systematic search
• Search in dominant
forest type in each Beat
• 1 line transect of
minimum 2km
• Walk early morning.
Count no. of each
species, group size,
young ones seen.
• Record forest type and
terrain type of the
transect
• Transect should not be
along the river or roadAngular Sighting Distance
(Laser Range Finder)
Compass Bearing
GPS readingPerpendicular Distance
Data Sheet-2
Important
species to
RecordData Sheet-
2
Important
species to
RecordData Sheet-
2
Important
species to
RecordForest Beat with two Transect lines (Beat size :10-12 Sq.
Kms)
Line transect-1 Line transect-2Forest Beat with two Transect lines (Beat size :10-12 Sq.
Kms)
Line transect-1 Line transect-2MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 1
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 2
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 2
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 2
Importing in MSTrIPES desktop
MSTrIPES Form 2 analysis
Form 3 (A,B,C) & Form 4: Habitat and pellet plots
Habitat and pellet plots
• Absolute countable
parameters
• Systematic sampling
• Plot at every 400m while
returning from each
transect
• 6 plots on an average
on a 2 km transect
• Form 3 has (A)
vegetation parameters
(B) human disturbance
signs and (C) ground
cover
• Form 4 to pellet countsForest Beat with 3 Sign Sampling tracks and 2 Transect lines
(Beat size :10-12 Sq. Kms)
Line transect-1 Line transect-2Form-3 (A,B,C) and 4
Vegetation
Survey
0m 400 m 800 m 1200 m 1600 m 2 Km
Plot
ID 0 1 2 3 4 5Habitat and pellet plots
2m Pellet plots
20m
Habitat plotsForm 3 (A,B,C)
Data sheet 3A- Canopy cover- examples
Canopy cover
0 or 0% 0.2 or 20% 0.6 or 60% 1
or 100%
(Fully open, no (Sky 80% (Sky 40% (Fully closed,
canopy, sky open) open.) sky not
fully visible) visible)Form 3 (A,B,C)
Data sheet 3A- Shrub Percent Cover- examples
Shrub/Shruby weed Percent cover
0 or 0% 1 or 25% 2 or 50% 3 or 75%
4 or 100%
No Shrub Full ShrubForm 3 (A,B,C)
Dry leaf litter % in 1 m circular plot- Datasheet 3C
Dry leaf
Litter 40%
1m
Dry leaf litter @ 70%Ground % cover
cover type
Weeds- 5 %
Dry grass- 10%
Green grass-
15%
1m
Herbs -20%
Bare ground -
50%
Data sheet 3C- Ground
Total ground 100%
cover in 1m radius circular coverForm 4
Pellets of different herbivore- DCF WL Allapalli. Dec. 2009
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 1
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 3 & 4
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 3 & 4
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 3 & 4
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 4
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 4
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 4
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 3 & 4
Importing in MSTrIPES desktop
MSTrIPES Form 3 analysis
Camera Trap Field Protocols • Remove grass blades, leaves in front of camera that blocks camera sensors and flash • Align the cameras properly • Place the cameras at Knee height ( 1.5 feet) from ground level • Each camera should be at 3-4 m from the center of the road/trail • Minimum disturbance at the site where camera is deployed • Insert AA Batteries with correct polarity • Check and set Date, Time and Location ID correctly • Enter all observations in datasheets • Checking the camera units regularly • Submitting data cards to Range office along with datasheets • Do not share data
Deployment of Camera Traps
Deployment of Camera Traps
Thank You !
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