CLOCS Standard for construction logistics Managing work related road risk - Looking out for vulnerable road users

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CLOCS Standard for construction logistics Managing work related road risk - Looking out for vulnerable road users
CLOCS
Standard for
construction
logistics
Managing work
related road risk

Looking out
for vulnerable
road users
CLOCS Standard for construction logistics Managing work related road risk - Looking out for vulnerable road users
Construction Logistics and Cyclist                      Representatives from different
Safety (CLOCS) – looking out for                        organisations – vehicle manufacturers,
vulnerable road users                                   construction logistics clients, operators,
                                                        regulatory and enforcement bodies are
CLOCS aims to achieve a visionary change                actively engaged with CLOCS.
in the way the construction industry
manages work related road risk. This is                 The CLOCS programme represents a
being achieved through three industry led               united response to road safety across the
workstreams:                                            industry and greater social responsibility
                                                        which will save lives.
• Improving vehicle safety through
  design and manufacture of safer new                   Visit www.clocs.org.uk for further
  vehicles and fitment of appropriate                   information.
  safety equipment to existing vehicles
• Addressing the safety imbalance in                    Acknowledgements
  the construction industry through                     The CLOCS Standard for construction
  ensuring road safety is considered as                 logistics: Managing work related road risk
  important as health and safety on site                has been developed in collaboration with
• Encouraging wider adoption of best                    key industry stakeholders.
  practice across the construction                      The Health and Safety Executive
  logistics industry through taking                     welcomes this industry led initiative
  best in class examples, developing                    facilitated by Transport for London as
  a common national standard and                        a positive step towards improving the
  embedding a new cultural norm                         management of work related road risk.
CLOCS has developed the CLOCS Standard                  The expert contributions made from
for construction logistics: Managing work               organisations and individuals consulted
related road risk, a common standard for                in the development of this Standard are
use by the construction logistics industry.             greatfully acknowledged.
Implemented by construction clients                     The CLOCS Standard will be reviewed at
through contracts, it provides a                        intervals not exceeding two years, and
framework that enables ownership in                     any amendments arising from the review
managing road risk which can be adhered                 will be published in an amended version.
to in a consistent way by fleet operators.              The CLOCS Standard does not purport to
                                                        include all the necessary provisions of
                                                        a contract. Users are responsible for its
                                                        correct application.

Version 1.1 July 2014 Document rebranded - all requirements remain unchanged
CLOCS Standard for construction logistics Managing work related road risk - Looking out for vulnerable road users
Acknowledgement is given to the following organisations in the development of the
CLOCS Standard:

                                CLOCS Standard for construction logistics: Managing work related road risk   3
CLOCS Standard for construction logistics Managing work related road risk - Looking out for vulnerable road users
Contents
    Section 1
    Introduction5

    Section 2
    Applicability and exemptions                                     8

    Section 3
    CLOCS Standard for construction logistic operators and clients:
    Managing work related road risk                                  10

    Section 4
    Case studies and considerations for implementation               21

    Section 5
    Next steps and further information                               30

4
CLOCS Standard for construction logistics Managing work related road risk - Looking out for vulnerable road users
Section 1

Introduction
  1.1 Background and context

Population growth                                                            were not designed with this type or level
                                                                             of activity in mind, creating challenges to
The population of the UK is expected to                                      be managed and overcome.
rise to 81 million by 2060 making it one
of the most densely populated countries
in Europe*. Our towns and cities are busier                                  Road safety
than at any other time in history creating                                   Where the numbers of people walking and
unique challenges to address.                                                cycling are growing in parallel to higher
A growing population means growing                                           levels of development and associated
demand for places to live, work and                                          construction activity there is increasing
spend time and an inevitable rise in                                         pressure on already constrained road
development and construction activity -                                      space leading to the potential for conflict.
often against a backdrop of considerable                                     Cycling is on the increase nationally, but
constraints on space. We need to ensure                                      has been particularly notable in London
we develop the skills and capability to                                      where it has almost doubled since 2000.
embrace this growth.                                                         There are now nearly 600,000 cycle trips
Developing our towns and cities in                                           made each day with numbers rising each
a sustainable manner is vital to our                                         year.
economy, our social wellbeing and                                            However, this growth has been coupled
the environment we live in. Improving                                        with concerns about cycle safety.
connectivity, the urban realm and                                            Although there have been reductions in
encouraging more active forms of travel                                      the overall number of people killed and
are high on the agenda of responsible                                        seriously injured on roads across the UK,
development in order to better integrate                                     the number of cyclist fatalities increased
communities, improve quality of life and                                     between 2011 and 2012.
ease pressures on the transport network.
                                                                             There are particular concerns about
A rising population places considerable                                      the over representation of large goods
strain on already busy transport networks                                    vehicles in collisions with cyclists and
necessitating changes in travel behaviour                                    pedestrians that have fatal and serious
and the modes of travel used. A number                                       outcomes. Nationally, large goods
of UK city and regional authorities already                                  vehicles over 3.5 tonnes are involved in
have high levels of walking and cycling                                      approximately 15 per cent of cyclist and
and are increasingly recognising the                                         10 per cent of pedestrian fatalities.
benefits of promoting these modes as
healthy and sustainable ways to travel.                                      There is a particular issue in London and
                                                                             between 2008 and 2012, 53 per cent
Vulnerable road users and the large                                          of cycling fatalities involved a vehicle
vehicles required for construction projects                                  over 3.5 tonnes, despite these vehicles
are sharing the roads more than ever. Our                                    representing just 4 per cent of the road
historic towns and cities and many of the                                    miles travelled in the capital. However,
large vehicles required to service them
*ONS Sub-National Population Projections (2011) (Principal Projection)

                                                             CLOCS Standard for construction logistics: Managing work related road risk   5
CLOCS Standard for construction logistics Managing work related road risk - Looking out for vulnerable road users
this issue is not restricted to collisions     demonstrated their commitment to
    with cyclists – in London there were twice     change. Communication of findings of
    as many pedestrians and motorcyclists          the report and buy in from the industry
    killed in collisions involving vehicles over   led to the formation of industry working
    3.5 tonnes over the same period.               groups which have identified what could
                                                   be done to reduce the risks posed by large
    Analysis of the cycling figures found that     vehicles to cyclists and other vulnerable
    a disproportionate number of the vehicles      road users. One of the steps identified
    involved were construction related.            was to develop and promote adherence
                                                   to a nationally recognised standard for
    Addressing the challenge                       managing WRRR.
    As a result, Transport for London              On 4 September 2013, the Mayor
    (TfL) commissioned a review of the             of London, TfL and Department for
    construction logistics sector’s transport      Transport (DfT) announced plans for a
    activities with an aim of understanding        joint industrial HGV Task Force to enforce
    the causes of collisions with vulnerable       regulations against construction HGVs
    road users and how they may be                 and a review of national exemptions,
    prevented. The Construction Logistics          demonstrating a high level of national
    and Cyclist Safety report was published in     commitment to addressing this issue.
    February 2013. The document highlighted
    issues with the way Work Related Road          The WRRR requirements within
    Risk (WRRR) was managed across the             this document represent a key step
    industry and raised concern over the           in demonstrating the commitment
    limitations of current construction vehicle    of construction logistics industry
    cab design with regard to minimising           organisations to improving road safety.
    blind-spots.                                   Embedding work related road safety in
                                                   our culture is critical if we are to develop
    Following the publication of this              the skills and capability to manage and
    document a high profile event was              embrace inevitable population growth and
    held at City Hall in London on 2 May           travel demand throughout the UK.
    2013 attended by construction
    logistics representatives who publicly

6   Section 1 - Introduction
CLOCS Standard for construction logistics Managing work related road risk - Looking out for vulnerable road users
1.2 Development of a national standard

The CLOCS Standard for construction                 Terminology
logistics: Managing work related road
risk is the direct result of collaboration          Each section states the requirement
between developers, construction logistic           (this is the exact requirement to be
operators and industry associations.                adhered to), explains the purpose of the
This document draws together emerging               requirement and offers a demonstration
practice from a number of individual                (indicates how the requirement should be
standards, policies and codes of practice           met and demonstrated).
into one WRRR standard that can
be implemented by developers and                    Certain language is used within this
adhered to in a consistent way by fleet             document with the following meanings:
operators. Each requirement has been                • Fleet operator – any organisation or
developed with the aim of reducing the                part thereof which operates one or
risk of a collision between large goods               more vehicle(s)
vehicles in the construction sector and
vulnerable road users such as cyclists and          • Client – an organisation employing
pedestrians.                                          fleet operator contractors. This may
                                                      be a developer employing a primary
The standard and requirements have been               contractor or a primary contractor
developed by the construction industry                employing a sub-contractor
for use in the construction industry
and may not be appropriate for other                • Shall – to indicate something
sectors within the logistics industry.                which is mandatory as part of the
Other logistics sectors are encouraged                requirement or in order to achieve
to consider this approach and to define a             the requirement
standard appropriate to their sector where
                                                    • Should – to indicate something which
needed.
                                                      is recommended as emerging practice
Structure of the standard                           • May – to indicate permission or an
                                                      emerging practice option
The CLOCS Standard for construction
logistics: Managing work related road               • Vulnerable road user – a pedestrian,
risk provides the standard for both                   cyclist, motorcyclist or person of
construction logistic operators and                   reduced mobility
construction clients.
                                                    • Approved – officially deemed
Sections 2.1 and 2.2 are applicable to                acceptable by the client to meet a
both operators and clients. Sections 3.1              specific requirement or quality
to 3.3 are aimed at construction logistic
operators and cover the three core areas
of managing operations, vehicles and
drivers.
Section 3.4 covers essential elements
of site and project safety, giving specific
responsibility to the construction client.

                                    CLOCS Standard for construction logistics: Managing work related road risk   7
CLOCS Standard for construction logistics Managing work related road risk - Looking out for vulnerable road users
Section 2

    Applicability and exemptions
     2.1 Applicability

    Scope                                         This document applies to commercial
                                                  vehicles ranging from vans over 3.5
    Applicable to all commercial vehicles
                                                  tonnes gross vehicle weight to articulated
    delivering to, collecting from or servicing
                                                  vehicles over 44 tonnes gross vehicle
    a project, premises or property where
                                                  weight, including abnormal indivisible
    this standard applies unless otherwise
                                                  loads and engineering plant.
    indicated by the client.
    All fleet operators serving contracts         Demonstration
    resulting in the use of vehicles for
    delivery and servicing activities are         Clients shall specify whether the standard
    included in the scope of this standard        applies within contracts based on their
    unless otherwise indicated by the client.     assessment of risk. The client will
                                                  determine, within their own contracts,
    All fleet operators shall comply with the     whether this standard:
    standard in the timeframe instructed by
    the client in agreeing the contract. This     • Applies to all vehicles or vehicles over
    shall not be more than 90 days from             3.5 tonnes gross vehicle weight only
    the start of a contract unless special        • Applies to non-construction vehicles
    circumstances apply.                            such as those providing additional
                                                    services (e.g. catering)

8   Section 2 - Applicability and exemptions
CLOCS Standard for construction logistics Managing work related road risk - Looking out for vulnerable road users
2.2 Exemptions

Scope
Under certain circumstances special
exemptions may be granted, for example:
• Companies who deliver or service a
  site infrequently (to be specified by
  the contracting entity)
• Where it is proved to be neither
  practical nor possible to comply with a
  requirement in that the functionality
  of a vehicle will be impaired
• Utility companies who are not part of
  the project but who have a statutory
  undertaking to access assets on site

Demonstration
Based on an assessment of the level
of risk, the client shall determine the
definition of ‘infrequent’ within the
contract.
Fleet operators shall present any case
for exemptions to the client. They shall
demonstrate why the exemption is
necessary, rather than relying on current
legal exemptions.

Clients may set their own criteria
for which vehicle types fall into
scope and any exemptions applied to
specific operations.

                                    CLOCS Standard for construction logistics: Managing work related road risk   9
CLOCS Standard for construction logistics Managing work related road risk - Looking out for vulnerable road users
Section 3

     CLOCS Standard for construction
     logistic operators and clients:
     Managing work related road risk
      3.1 Operations

     3.1.1 Quality operation                                      3.1.2 Collision reporting
     Requirement                                                  Requirement
     Fleet operators shall ensure the                             Fleet operators shall capture, investigate
     transport operation meets the standard                       and analyse road traffic collision
     of an approved independent fleet                             information that results in injury or
     management audit.                                            damage to vehicles and property. All
                                                                  collisions shall be reported to their client
     Purpose                                                      or contracting entity.
     To ensure a baseline level of compliance
     against all regulatory requirements                          Purpose
     relevant to the road transport operation.                    To create transparency in the supply
                                                                  chain and enable fleet operators and
     Demonstration                                                clients to work together to mitigate the
     This shall be demonstrated through                           risk of road traffic collisions and prevent
     current certification from an approved                       re-occurrence.
     independent audit body (such as the Fleet
     Operator Recognition Scheme (FORS), Van                      Demonstration
     Excellence, RHA Standard or other FORS-                      A log of all collisions shall be maintained
     equivalent standard).                                        which shall include details of all evidence
                                                                  required to investigate an incident.
     Certification shall be within the period
     specified by the client / contracting entity.                Reporting shall include lessons learned
     This period shall not be more than 90                        and remedial measures identified to help
     days from contract award.                                    prevent re-occurrence of similar incidents.
     Certification shall be renewed on an
                                                                   Fleet operators should use an approved
     annual basis.
                                                                   reporting mechanism to report all
                                                                   traffic collisions that result in injuries or
                                                                   damage to vehicles and property.

10   Section 3 - Standard for construction logistic operators and clients: Managing work related road risk
3.1.3 Traffic routing
                                                    Fleet operators should provide driver
Requirement                                         training, briefings or pre-programmed
Fleet operators shall ensure that any               navigation systems to ensure the
vehicle routes to sites or premises                 driver is aware of the specified route,
specified by clients are adhered to unless          the circumstances (if any) of deviating
directed otherwise.                                 from the route and the resulting
Purpose                                             consequences of not adhering to the
To reduce the probability of collisions on          route.
routes to and from sites and premises.              There should be clear evidence that any
Demonstration                                       deviations from the route as notified
Fleet operators shall properly                      by the client or the public authority are
communicate any routing and access                  addressed with the driver. The driver
requirements provided by clients to all             may be required to sign to acknowledge
drivers accessing a site.                           the infraction.

Mobile or very temporary sites (e.g.                Fleet operators may ask drivers to
emergency street works) are not subject             demonstrate that they have understood
to a routing requirement.                           any traffic routing or site access
                                                    requirements by signing for them.
The circumstances (if any) under which
drivers may deviate from a specified route
such as temporary road closure, or road
traffic accidents shall be clearly specified
by the client.
Please also see Section 3.4.5 - Traffic
routing.

                                  CLOCS Standard for construction logistics: Managing work related road risk   11
3.2 Vehicles

     3.2.1 Warning signage                                        3.2.2 Side under-run protection
     Requirement                                                  Requirement
     Fleet operators shall ensure that                            Fleet operators shall ensure fitment of
     prominent signage is fitted to all vehicles                  side-guards to all rigid mixer, tipper and
     over 3.5 tonnes gross vehicle weight that                    waste type vehicles over 3.5 tonnes gross
     visually warns other road users not to get                   vehicle weight that are currently exempt
     too close to the vehicle.                                    from fitment.
     Purpose                                                      Purpose
     To reduce the risk of close proximity                        To minimise the probability and severity
     incidents and increase road safety.                          of under-run collisions with vulnerable
                                                                  road users.
     Demonstration
     All vehicles over 3.5 tonnes gross vehicle                   Demonstration
     weight shall display external pictorial                      Fleet operators shall provide evidence
     stickers and markings to warn vulnerable                     that all rigid mixer, tipper and waste type
     roads users not to get too close to the                      vehicles over 3.5 tonnes gross vehicle
     vehicle.                                                     weight are fitted with side-guards.
                                                                  Fitment shall be on both sides of the
      Vehicles 3.5 tonnes gross vehicle                           vehicle unless this is proved impractical
      weight or less may display external                         or impossible.
      pictorial stickers to warn vulnerable
      roads users not to get too close to the
      vehicle.
      The text point size should be legible by
      a cyclist at a reasonable distance from
      the vehicle.

12   Section 3 - Standard for construction logistic operators and clients: Managing work related road risk
3.2.3 Blind-spot minimisation
Requirement
Fleet operators shall ensure all vehicles
over 3.5 tonnes gross vehicle weight
have front, side and rear blind-spots
completely eliminated or minimised as
far as is practical and possible through
a combination of fully operational direct
and indirect vision aids and driver
audible alerts.
Purpose
To improve visibility for drivers and reduce
the risk of close proximity blind-spot
collisions.
Demonstration
A combination of appropriate vision aids
and driver audible alerts shall be fitted to
the front nearside of all vehicles over 3.5
tonnes gross vehicle weight.
In addition, appropriate indirect vision
aids shall also be fitted to the rear of
all rigid vehicles over 7.5 tonnes gross
vehicle weight.
Class VI mirrors shall be fitted to all
vehicles where they can be mounted, with
no part of the mirror being less than two
metres from the ground.
All indirect vision systems shall be fully
operational.
Fleet operators shall make regular checks
and take all reasonable measures to
ensure all indirect vision systems remain
fully operational.
Fleet operators shall take steps to ensure
that drivers recognise that use of indirect
vision systems is an integral part of
their job.

                                   CLOCS Standard for construction logistics: Managing work related road risk   13
3.2.4 Vehicle manoeuvring warnings
                                                                   Vehicles over 3.5 tonnes gross
     Requirement                                                   vehicle weight should be fitted with
     Fleet operators shall ensure all vehicles                     operational equipment to audibly warn
     over 3.5 tonnes gross vehicle weight are                      vulnerable road users when a vehicle is
     equipped with enhanced audible means                          turning right or reversing.
     to warn other road users of a vehicle’s left
     manoeuvre.                                                    Vehicles under 3.5 tonnes gross vehicle
                                                                   weight may be fitted with operational
     Purpose                                                       equipment to audibly warn vulnerable
     To reduce the risk of close proximity                         road users when a vehicle is reversing.
     collisions by audibly alerting vulnerable
     road users to vehicle hazards.                                Enhanced audible warnings may be
                                                                   supplemented by visual warnings to
     Demonstration                                                 vulnerable road users
     Vehicles over 3.5 tonnes gross vehicle
     weight shall be fitted with equipment to                      Audible warning devices should be
     audibly warn vulnerable road users when                       fitted with a manual on/off switch for
     a vehicle is turning left.                                    circumstances, such as working at night,
                                                                   where it may be appropriate for the
     All vehicle manoeuvring warning systems                       device to be de-activated.
     shall be fully operational.
     Fleet operators shall make regular checks
     and take all reasonable measures to
     ensure audible warning devices remain
     fully operational.
     Fleet operators shall take steps to ensure
     that drivers recognise that activation of
     the device is an integral part of their job.

14   Section 3 - Standard for construction logistic operators and clients: Managing work related road risk
3.3 Drivers

3.3.1 Training and development
                                                    Progressive training should include
Requirement                                         on-cycle hazard awareness and use
Fleet operators shall ensure that all               an appropriate mix of theoretical,
drivers (including those exempt or not in           e-learning, practical and on the job
scope of Driver Certificate of Professional         training.
Competence) undergo approved
progressive training and continued                  Training content should include but not
professional development specifically               be limited to:
covering the safety of vulnerable                   • Induction to the company
road users.
                                                    • Induction to new contracts covering
Purpose                                               familiarisation with new routes,
To ensure that all drivers have the                   vehicle types and sites
knowledge, skills and attitude required to
recognise, assess, manage and reduce the            • Refresher training to ensure
risks that their vehicle poses to vulnerable          knowledge and skills are fully
road users.                                           embedded

Demonstration                                       • Remedial training to rectify any
Each driver shall undertake approved                  deficiencies identified through
theoretical training which includes safety            reported collisions or previous
of vulnerable road users.                             training

Awareness training on the safety of                 Where applicable this training may
vulnerable road users shall be progressive          be aligned to Driver Certificate of
throughout the life of the contract.                Professional Competence.

Drivers shall undertake training in the use
and limitations of supplementary vehicle
safety equipment.

                                  CLOCS Standard for construction logistics: Managing work related road risk   15
3.3.2 Driver licensing                                       Demonstration
                                                                  To demonstrate that this requirement is
     Requirement                                                  fully met, fleet operators shall ensure that
     Fleet operators shall ensure that a                          all driver licences and endorsements are
     system is in place to ensure all drivers                     verified through a service that directly
     hold a valid licence for the category of                     accesses current Driver and Vehicle
     vehicle they are tasked to drive and any                     Licensing Agency (DVLA) data.
     risks associated with endorsements or
     restriction codes are effectively managed.                   Frequency of licence checks should
                                                                  be against an approved risk scale and
     Purpose                                                      licences shall be checked as a minimum
     To ensure that all drivers employed by the                   every six months.
     company hold a valid licence and any risks
     presented through an accumulation of                         Fleet operators shall have a policy in place
     endorsements are effectively monitored                       to ensure drivers report all professional
     and managed.                                                 or personal driving infringements to
                                                                  the responsible person who runs daily
                                                                  transport operations.

16   Section 3 - Standard for construction logistic operators and clients: Managing work related road risk
3.4 Standard for construction clients

3.4.1 Construction Logistics Plan                 3.4.2 Suitability of site for vehicles
                                                  fitted with safety features
Requirement
Clients shall ensure that a Construction          Requirement
Logistics Plan is in place and is fully           Clients shall ensure that the condition
complied with.                                    of sites is suitable for vehicles fitted
                                                  with safety features and side under-run
Clients should approach this in a spirit of       protection.
partnership with fleet operators, who may
have valuable views on how to achieve             Purpose
safety goals.                                     To ensure the site is suitable for all
                                                  vehicle types fitted with safety features
Purpose                                           and side under-run protection.
To reduce the negative transport effects
of construction work on local communities         Demonstration
and the environment by providing a tool
to minimise construction trips and reduce
                                                   Clients should carry out regular reviews
the potential for collisions.
                                                   of the topography of the site and where
Demonstration                                      necessary implement diversions as the
Clients shall produce an approved                  site landscape changes.
Construction Logistics Plan which includes
                                                   Clients should ensure that the ground
measures to minimise vehicle trips and
                                                   is graded where the construction
reduce the opportunities for collisions
                                                   phase allows.
with vulnerable road users, for example
by considering specific sites such as
schools near to the site.
Clients shall ensure contractors are aware
of and understand their obligations under
the Construction Logistics Plan.

A Construction Logistics Plan may be
produced in its own right, or as part of
fulfilling the requirement within this
standard.

                                 CLOCS Standard for construction logistics: Managing work related road risk   17
3.4.3 Site access and egress
     Requirement
     Clients shall ensure that access to and
     egress from the site is appropriately
     managed, clearly marked, understood and
     clear of obstacles.
     Purpose
     To reduce the risks associated with
     vehicles turning or reversing in order to
     access or egress from site.
     Demonstration
     Clients shall ensure that effective traffic
     management principles are adhered to.

     Traffic management should first
     attempt to eliminate hazards by design
     e.g. one-way systems, traffic lights and
     calming measures.
     Where visibility is restricted or where
     it is deemed necessary, clients
     should ensure that a trained marshall
     is available to assist with vehicle
     manoeuvring.
     Where appropriate clients may consider
     the use of additional equipment such as
     blind-spot safety (e.g. Trixi) mirrors to
     aid the driver’s view of the road.

18   Section 3 - Standard for construction logistic operators and clients: Managing work related road risk
3.4.4 Vehicle loading and unloading               3.4.5 Traffic routing
Requirement                                       Requirement
Clients shall ensure that vehicles are            Clients shall ensure that a suitable,
loaded and unloaded on-site as far as is          risk assessed vehicle route to the
practicable.                                      site is specified and that the route is
                                                  communicated to all contractors and
Purpose                                           drivers. Clients shall make contractors and
To reduce risk of injury by segregating           any other service suppliers aware that
loading and unloading activity from               they are to use these routes at all times
the public.                                       unless unavoidable diversions occur.
Demonstration                                     Purpose
                                                  To ensure that construction traffic uses
Clients should provide a stable, graded           the safest and most appropriate routes
surface on-site for vehicle loading and           to site.
unloading.
                                                  Demonstration
Clients should ensure an appropriate              Clients shall ensure that options to
person is nominated to manage all                 reduce peak hour deliveries to a site have
deliveries and collections to site and            been considered and where identified,
supervise the loading and unloading               arrangements to minimise peak hour
process.                                          deliveries implemented.
Clients should identify a suitable ‘off-          The circumstances (if any) under which
loading area’ and ensure that approved            drivers may deviate from a specified route
loading and unloading plans are                   such as a temporary road closure, or road
in place.                                         traffic accidents shall be clearly specified
                                                  by the client.
                                                  Please also see section 3.1.3 Traffic
                                                  routing.

                                                   Mobile or very temporary sites (e.g.
                                                   emergency street works) may not be
                                                   subject to a routing requirement.
                                                   Clients should demonstrate this by
                                                   distributing maps and any other vehicle
                                                   routing information to all companies
                                                   and drivers accessing the site.
                                                   Where appropriate, clients may consider
                                                   the use of additional equipment such
                                                   as blind-spot safety (e.g. Trixi) mirrors
                                                   or LED indicator trailer lights at high risk
                                                   junctions in the vicinity of the site.

                                 CLOCS Standard for construction logistics: Managing work related road risk   19
3.4.6 Control of site traffic, particularly                  3.4.7 Supply chain compliance
     at peak hours
                                                                  Requirement
     Requirement                                                  Clients shall ensure contractor and sub-
     Clients shall consider other options to plan                 contractor compliance with requirements
     and control vehicles and reduce peak hour                    3.1.1 to 3.3.2.
     deliveries.
                                                                  Purpose
     Purpose                                                      To ensure that requirements are being
     To reduce the risk of congestion and                         adhered to across the supply chain.
     collisions in the vicinity of the site. To
     minimise site deliveries, collections and                    Demonstration
     servicing access during peak hours.
                                                                   The client should ensure that it is
     Demonstration                                                 a contractual requirement for the
                                                                   contractor to check vehicles entering
     Clients should demonstrate as part of                         site and to take the appropriate action
     their Construction Logistics Plan the                         under the contract.
     options they have considered and acted                        The client should request from the
     upon to reduce the amount of trips to                         contractor a plan and / or process for
     site during peak hours. This may include                      complying with the contract.
     use of web / paper based delivery
     booking systems, consolidation centres,                       The client should also undertake regular
     vehicle holding areas, deliveries                             audits of the contractor’s process and
     during off-peak times or the use of                           compliance checks. This audit should
     alternative modes.                                            include random vehicle compliance
                                                                   checks undertaken by the client.
     Care must be taken to ensure that
     undue pressure is not placed on drivers                       The client may request that every
     to meet time slots through contractual,                       reporting period the contractor should
     economic or management pressure                               submit to the client a summary of those
     when using a delivery booking system.                         checks and details the corrective action
                                                                   taken in the case of non-compliance.

20   Section 3 - Standard for construction logistic operators and clients: Managing work related road risk
Section 4

Case studies and considerations
for implementation
 4.1 Considerations for implementation

The aim is for the CLOCS Standard for             • Ensure that potential suppliers,
construction logistics: Managing work               contractors and sub-contractors are
related road risk to be included within             informed of the CLOCS Standard and
construction logistics contracts, and               requirements as soon as possible in
adhered to as part of safe construction             the procurement process for new
logistic operations. In implementing the            contracts, and make clear reference to
standard, clients and operators should              the CLOCS Standard and requirements
consider:                                           within tender documentation
• Ensuring those responsible for                  • Be realistic in the timeframes given
  procurement or tendering within                   to operators to comply in the case
  the organisation are fully aware of               of variations to existing contracts
  the requirements, their purpose                   (though within the 90 days stated in
  and the ways in which meeting the                 section 2.1)
  requirements can be demonstrated
                                                  • Set up a method of ensuring and
• Update relevant health and safety and             monitoring compliance with the CLOCS
  procurement policies and strategies               Standard and requirements, and the
  to include the CLOCS Standard and                 actions to be taken in the case of non-
  requirements                                      compliance (as per requirement 3.4.7)

                                 CLOCS Standard for construction logistics: Managing work related road risk   21
4.2 Case studies

     Influencing Work Related Road Risk
     through projects
     Crossrail

     In 2008, Crossrail Ltd accepted a statutory                and Driver Safety Working Group’; online
     commitment to train lorry drivers working                  resources for contractors; legal seminars
     on the project. This was a first for the                   covering the Corporate Manslaughter
     construction industry but it was also                      Act; Exchanging Places events with both
     the catalyst for a range of initiatives                    City and Metropolitan Police; stringent
     that would see Work Related Road Risk                      compliance checking of vehicles and
     (WRRR) introduced into Europe’s largest                    dedicated training for those involved; and
     civil engineering project. With intensive                  road safety material translated into 18
     construction right in the heart of London,                 different languages.
     and thousands of vehicle movements
     each month, the health and safety of                       Collectively these interventions have
     vulnerable road users became a key                         redrawn the traditional boundaries of
     priority for the Crossrail project.                        health and safety to reduce risks in supply
                                                                chains associated with every HGV doing a
     Launched in November 2009 Crossrail’s                      Crossrail journey. Crossrail has effectively
     award winning Lorry Driver Training                        bought forward a legacy for the
     programme has up-skilled 5,600 HGV                         construction industry by demonstrating
     drivers in ‘sharing London’s roads with                    large projects can change and that you
     vulnerable road users’. In April 2010                      do not have to wait for legislation to
     Crossrail introduced contract requirements                 introduce work related road risk.
     that would see all transport operators,
     at every tier, undergo additional due                      In 2012 Crossrail was awarded the IOSH
     diligence and scrutiny by becoming bronze                  Transport and Logistics Award for Safety
     accredited through the Fleet Operator                      and in 2013 Crossrail won the Brake Fleet
     Recognition Scheme (FORS). Additionally,                   Award for Safer Vehicles.
     contractors working for Crossrail also have
     to meet stringent safety requirements
     on vans and lorries by fitting additional
     safety systems; now known as the
     ‘Crossrail standard’.
     From the middle of 2009 to this day
     Crossrail has innovated, developed
     and introduced a range of initiatives
     demonstrating a world class approach
     to construction WRRR. The project has
     established a comprehensive strategy
     of engagement with supply chains,
     stakeholders and the general public to
     change behaviours, raise awareness
     and improve vehicles and junctions.
     Initiatives include a dedicated ‘Vehicle

22   Section 4 - Case studies and considerations for implementation
Reducing road risk with a common
standard
Lafarge Tarmac

Leading sustainable building materials            individual contract hauliers who work on
group Lafarge Tarmac fully supports               its behalf. This equates to approximately
the FORS standard. It aligns with the             2,000 drivers and vehicles. In addition,
company’s commitment to be at the                 all Lafarge Tarmac Transport Supervisors
forefront of continually improving                are receiving FORS audit training. This
driver and vehicle safety standards,              will ensure that the standard can be
both within its own business and the              implemented at a national level and
wider industry. The company believes              that work can be done with the contract
it is crucial for the industry to adopt a         haulier supply chain to provide advice on
common safety standard which can deliver          the required vehicle modifications.
safety enhancements quickly and lead to
behavioural change from drivers now and           Much of the company’s work is being
in the future.                                    co-ordinated between its Transport
                                                  and Safety and Health teams, led by
Lafarge Tarmac has taken a proactive              the new role of Transport, Safety and
approach and has a number of initiatives          Health Manager. Adding this position
underway, all of which support its                to the business structure underlines its
commitment to improving safety for all            commitment to reducing road risk across
road users. The company’s entire London           the Lafarge Tarmac fleet. The manager’s
fleet has been fitted with new safety             remit includes leading on the company’s
equipment, including side under-run bars          ‘Driving Safety’ initiative. This sees its
and side sensors with external audible            transport teams from across the UK
warnings. This standard is now being              working to deliver challenging plans
extended nationally across the business,          that continually develop logistics safety
with a plan to retro-fit 1,500 vehicles           standards by focusing on each aspect of
going forward.                                    the logistics and delivery process.
The company has also recently begun a
programme of FORS accreditation for all

                                CLOCS Standard for construction logistics: Managing work related road risk   23
Implementation of policies and initiatives to
     improve vulnerable road user safety
     Mineral Products Association (MPA)

     The Mineral Products Association (MPA)                    There has been progress in all areas, for
     is the trade association representing the                 example the industry has implemented
     aggregates, asphalt, cement, concrete and                 Driver Certificate of Professional
     related industries. MPA members produce                   Competence (CPC) approved Safeguarding
     90 per cent of these materials supplied in                Vulnerable Road Users training for
     the UK and the sector is by far the biggest               industry drivers, focussed on the risks
     element of the construction supply chain,                 associated with construction delivery
     supplying over 200 million tonnes of                      vehicles.
     materials annually.
                                                               Member companies have strongly
     For many years improving the health and                   supported the Metropolitan Police
     safety of employees and contractors has                   Exchanging Places initiative in London and
     been a major priority of the industry.                    run similar public events outside London.
     In early 2011, as a result of increasing
     concerns about road safety and in                         In 2012 MPA agreed a Vulnerable Road
     particular the risk of collisions between                 User Safety policy requiring extra driver
     delivery vehicles and cyclists, MPA                       training and the fitting of additional
     launched a Cycle Safe Campaign with a                     safety equipment to new vehicles and
     six-point action plan comprising:                         also a retro-fitting programme.

     1.     Promote driver and industry                        Given that the industry will continue
            awareness                                          to deliver materials to a changing mix
     2.     Promote cyclist and public                         of thousands of construction sites
            awareness                                          throughout the UK, MPA is clear that
     3.     Improve driver training                            delivery vehicles will have to co-exist with
     4.     Encourage the use of appropriate                   cyclists and other vulnerable road users,
            vehicle technology                                 as we all have a responsibility to help
     5.     Liaison with schools                               make our roads safer.
     6.     Work in partnership

24   Section 4 - Case studies and considerations for implementation
Hanson Cement Heavy Goods Vehicle
(HGV) safety devices
Hanson Cement

Hanson Cement, part of the Heidelberg                 and incident itself and establish the root
Cement Group, are a leading supplier                  causes with certainty. The system also
of heavy building materials to the UK                 offers security in terms of insurance
construction industry. With depots                    claims.
nationwide and a fleet of 190 HGVs
Hanson are always looking to enhance                  Hanson fit nearside proximity sensors
operations and make continued safety and              to their vehicles which give an audible
efficiency improvements.                              warning in the cab so the driver can
                                                      recheck the nearside of the vehicle, as
Hanson have fitted a number of safety                 well as giving an external spoken warning
devices to their fleet in addition to                 and flashing light to anyone in close
mirrors to minimise the risk of collisions            proximity to the vehicle.
with vulnerable road users. Drivers have
additional warnings when operating                    Hanson have also developed their own
in busy urban areas. Hanson receive                   flashing sign warning cyclists to stay
feedback on safety and other systems                  clear of the nearside of an HGV, especially
fitted to their vehicles, and drivers are             when turning left. This will replace the
adamant that the systems are of benefit               standard sign currently seen on HGVs and
and not a distraction whilst operating                is similar to the nearside camera in that it
HGVs. Drivers carry out defect checks on              will activate when the vehicle is indicating
the vehicle and report to the workshops               left under 25mph.
if any additional safety features are
inoperable.
 Vehicles are fitted with four-way camera
systems - one on the nearside, offside,
front and rear. The nearside camera
displays on the in-cab monitor when
the nearside indicator is operated under
25mph. The rear camera will display on
the in-cab monitor when the vehicle is
reversing, giving drivers visibility of blind-
spots when reversing or traversing to the
nearside whilst changing lane or turning
left.
Everyone is aware of the impacts of
fatal accidents and these features are
helping to reduce that risk. Data from the
cameras can be downloaded to carry out
investigations or incident reviews. The
system records and stores the images
for seven days allowing us to analyse
both the precursor to and the collision

                                    CLOCS Standard for construction logistics: Managing work related road risk   25
Achieving vulnerable road user safety
     through contractual compliance
     Costain

     As a responsible company, Costain takes                    minimum requirements for driver
     its role in society seriously and has taken                competence.
     action to tackle this key issue concerning
     construction logistics and vulnerable road                 Inclusive within Costain’s standard is a
     user safety. Using industry best practice,                 compulsory requirement for all contracts
     Costain has established a set of measures                  to undertake and establish a specific risk
     and standards to prevent harm occurring                    assessment and construction logistics
     from the interface between vulnerable                      management plan which will ensure their
     road users and any of the vehicles                         contracts ensure the safest travel route
     involved within Costain’s contracts.                       to and from Costain sites, minimising as
                                                                much as possible the interface between
     The implementation of specific safety                      construction vehicles and vulnerable road
     standards for vehicles that travel to and                  users.
     from Costain projects has commenced
     within the M25 with full compliance                        Costain and its supply chain who operate
     required during 2013. Costain are also                     vehicles greater than 3.5 tonne must
     working with their supply chain to                         achieve accreditation to bronze standard
     progress the adoption of these standards                   with the Fleet Operator Recognition
     outside of the M25 during 2014 with an                     Scheme (FORS). Compliance with Costain’s
     aim to encourage the wider adoption of                     standards is measured on all their
     best practice in logistics and cycle safety                contracts achieved by all vehicles being
     across the construction industry.                          assessed upon entering Costain sites
                                                                without exception, against a checklist.
     The Costain standard specifies minimum
     requirements for all types of construction
     vehicles greater than 3.5 tonnes and

26   Section 4 - Case studies and considerations for implementation
Extending cycle safety standards beyond HGVs
to mobile plant
Laing O’Rourke

Laing O’Rourke, together with its services          to better understand how vehicle
and logistics provider Select, has fitted           movements impact other road users.
its entire nationwide fleet of HGVs with            This has allowed Select to plan and
cameras and vulnerable road user safety             adjust its operations to reduce risk. The
equipment.                                          camera systems are also a powerful
                                                    tool in encouraging professional driving
Select’s camera systems have advanced               standards.
recording capability that allows the
company to use the recorded data                    Select operates some of the largest items
                                                    of construction plant in the industry. It
                                                    takes a ‘catch all’ approach to vulnerable
                                                    road user protection and has extended the
                                                    HGV scheme to include mobile cranes and
                                                    concrete pumps, which are not currently
                                                    covered by HGV safety rules.
                                                     The programme has met with widespread
                                                    driver approval and is being supported
                                                    with the adoption of the new work related
                                                    road risk standard nationwide.

London Construction Consolidation Centre
Wilson James

Wilson James’s LCCC is the only dedicated           Professional Competency (DCPC) training
consolidation centre in London, which               and receiving regular toolbox talks on
supports materials management for                   cycle awareness.
construction in the capital. It is estimated
to reduce supplier vehicles travelling to           Drivers know their routes and do not block
projects it supports by 68 per cent.                cycle lanes waiting near to site. Ninety-
                                                    eight per cent of consolidated deliveries
By investing in safety equipment for                arrive on time.
vehicles, and training for staff, the centre
contributes to making the roads a little
safer for all users.
LCCC vehicles are all fitted with Class V
and VI mirrors, cyclist proximity sensors
and side-guards to reduce the likelihood
of incidents with cyclists and pedestrians.
Warning signs for cyclists are displayed
to the rear of vehicles and drivers
are undertaking Driver Certificate of

                                   CLOCS Standard for construction logistics: Managing work related road risk   27
Commitment to delivering progressive driver
     training
     O’Donovan Waste Disposal Ltd

     O’Donovan Waste Disposal Ltd is one                        Again, with their driver’s participation
     of London’s largest independent waste                      and input, all O’Donovan HGVs are fitted
     management companies and the only                          with the side-scan detection systems,
     independent company to have achieved                       side impact bars, cameras, Fresnel lenses,
     gold FORS accreditation.                                   warning triangles, fire extinguishers
                                                                and cycle safety stickers. As a further
     Having started a driver focus group                        demonstration of their commitment,
     to gain a better understanding of                          O’Donovan has two in-house National
     what skills needed to be enhanced, an                      Examination Board in Occupational Safety
     inclusive strategy for driver training and                 and Health (NEBOSH) trained staff, on
     development was implemented in 2010.                       hand to give employees and clients advice
     Three years in and the commitment to                       and assistance with any health and safety
     training has helped ensure standards                       matters, including training.
     continually improved in health and safety                  In order to deliver training to fit with
     and wellbeing, alongside improving                         their drivers’ requirements and without
     sustainable development. All drivers have                  disrupting the service to clients,
     achieved NVQs in HGV driving, are Safe                     O’Donovan became a registered training
     and Fuel Efficient Driving (SAFED) trained                 centre. This enables delivery of training
     and hold CPC cards surpassing what is                      out of hours and on Saturdays. The
     legally required.                                          managing director Jacqueline, is also now
     Having participated in the pilot of the                    a qualified trainer delivering courses
     Crossrail e-learning initiative, it is now                 in-house.
     compulsory for all new starters to
     undertake as part of their induction the
     Crossrail one-day classroom interactive
     training and CSCS touch-screen health
     and safety training. All new drivers are
     allocated a ‘buddy’ who helps mentor
     them until they are familiar with the
     daily procedures. These include specified
     routes as planned by the transport
     manager which avoid cycling hotspots.
     Drivers are also encouraged to undertake
     the ‘Safe Urban Driving’ training course
     which includes an on-cycle session out on
     the road so drivers get to experience the
     cyclists view.
     Drivers reports, identifying and
     celebrating efficient and safe driving,
     are circulated weekly, as well as updates
     about performance and training which are
     distributed via a newsletter.

28   Section 4 - Case studies and considerations for implementation
Building a culture of cycle safety excellence
Mace Group

Mace is an international consultancy and                transport operators in line with the
construction company offering integrated                proposed industry standard
services across the full property and
infrastructure life cycle.                          • Earlier planning actions for
                                                      construction logistics for projects
The safety of people is at the heart of
what Mace does and the company is                   • New auditing processes for projects
working to transform its approach to off-             and across the supply chain
site construction logistics for the projects        • Engagement with clients and their
it delivers. Mace is proud to be part of the          people through cycle safety events
industry forum committed to improving
road safety.                                        • New training and development events
                                                      for Mace staff, particularly those who
In line with the vision to develop a                  cycle to and from work
common industry standard that reduces
risks posed by construction vehicles                Mace has a long-standing commitment
to vulnerable road users, Mace have                 to improve project start up processes;
implemented the following cycle safety              the company believes that effective
measures:                                           planning and strong leadership will help to
                                                    influence positive behaviours that help to
• A robust review of project delivery               create a safety culture.
  arrangements such as routes to site,
  access arrangements, signage and                  Mace will continue its work to reduce
  barriers                                          risks to cyclists by setting high safety
                                                    standards across all our business
• New FORS accreditation and                        activities, and promoting a culture of
  registration requirements for suppliers           safety excellence.
  delivering to Mace projects and
  new vehicle standards for fleet and

                                  CLOCS Standard for construction logistics: Managing work related road risk   29
Section 5

     Next steps and further
     information
      5.1 Next steps

     The CLOCS Standard for construction              requirements. Supplementary guidance
     logistics: Managing work related road risk       has been produced in the same way as
     (WRRR) is a key step in improving the            the requirements within this document
     management of work related road risk by          – in close collaboration with construction
     providing a common standard for use by           industry organisations and associations.
     UK authorities and construction logistics
     clients and operators.                           The requirements within this document
                                                      are to be kept under review in order to
     The standard is supported by                     take into account collective feedback, new
     supplementary guidance that will                 research findings and emerging practice
     assist organisations in implementing             in relation to managing work related
     and ensuring compliance with the                 road risk.

30   Section 5 - Next steps and further information
5.2 Further information

For further information visit www.clocs.org.uk

An electronic version of this document can be downloaded from the following link:

CLOCS Standard for construction logistics: Managing work related road risk (WRRR) ‘A
construction industry initiative to improve vulnerable road user safety’
http://www.clocs.org.uk/standard-for-clocs/

Further useful information can be found in the following guides and publications:

CLOCS Guide – managing supplier compliance
http://www.clocs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/CLOCS-Guide-managing-supplier-
compliance.pdf

CLOCS Guide – managing driver training and licensing
http://www.clocs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/CLOCS-Guide-managing-driver-
training-and-licensing.pdf

CLOCS Guide – managing work related road risk in contracts
http://www.clocs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/CLOCS-Guide-managing-work-
related-road-risk-in-contracts.pdf

CLOCS Toolkit – managing collision reporting and analysis
http://www.clocs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/CLOCS-Toolkit-managing-collision-
reporting-and-analysis.pdf

Construction logistics and cyclist safety - summary report
Transport Research Laboratory
http://www.trl.co.uk/online_store/reports_publications/trl_reports/cat_road_user_safety/
report_construction_logistics_and_cyclist_safety_summary_report.htm

Construction logistics and cyclist safety - full technical report
Transport Research Laboratory
http://www.trl.co.uk/online_store/reports_publications/trl_reports/cat_road_user_safety/
report_construction_logistics_and_cyclist_safety_technical_report.htm

Driving at work: Managing work-related road safety
Department for Transport / Health and Safety Executive
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg382.pdf

Improving road safety through procurement
Transport for London
http://www.clocs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/improving-road-safety-through-
procurement.pdf

                                CLOCS Standard for construction logistics: Managing work related road risk   31
Construction Logistics Plan Guidance for developers
     Transport for London
     http://www.clocs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/construction-logistics-plan-
     guidance-for-developers.pdf

     Construction Logistics Plan Guidance for planners
     Transport for London
     http://www.clocs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/construction-logistics-plan-
     guidance-for-planners.pdf

     Further information on the Fleet Operator Recognition Scheme (FORS) is available from
     www.fors-online.org.uk

32   Section 2 - Applicability and exemptions
CLOCS Standard for construction logistics: Managing work related road risk   33
Looking out
                                        for vulnerable
                                        road users                                                                                                                                www.clocs.org.uk

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34             Section 5 - Next steps and further information
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