YMC - Years of the Maritime Continent - WMO
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YMC - Years of the Maritime Continent
A 2-Year Long Field Campaign in the Largest Archipelago on Earth
Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC) & Chidong Zhang (NOAA/PMEL)
1) Overview
2) Planned / Proposed Intensive Observation Periods
3) YMC-Sumatra 2017 ( + Pre-YMC Campaign in 2015)
4) YMC-BSM (Boreal Summer Monsoon) 2018
5) Concluding Remarks (Data Management et al.)
IWM-6 in Singapore, Nov 16, 2017
YMC - Years of the Maritime Continent
Purpose
To expedite progress of improving our understanding
and prediction skill of local multi-scale variability of the State-of-the-art numerical models suffer
Observation
MC weather-climate systems and its global impact. from systematic errors of rainfall estimation
Participants
Over 70 institutes/universities from
Australia, China, France, Germany, Indonesia, Japan,
Malaysia, Palau, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan,
Model
Thailand, UK, US, Vietnam, and more. (as of June 2017)
Period
July 2017 – July 2019 (Jan 2010)
Main Science Themes
1) Atmospheric convection (ex. Diurnal cycle, MJO, monsoon) Comparison of monthly mean rainfall for February.
2) Ocean and air-sea interaction Taken from Love et al. (2011)
3) Stratosphere-troposphere interaction
Boreal Winter
4) Aerosols Monsoon Boreal Summer
5) Prediction Monsoon
Main Activities
YMC campaign consists of
1) Data sharing intensive observations and
2) Field campaign modeling study in addition
3) Modeling to routine observations by
local agencies
4) Prediction and applications
5) Outreaching and capacity building
Remarks
YMC has been endorsed by many international bodies
including WMO/WWRP, WCRP/CLIVAR, etc. Diurnal cycle rain
vs. MJO Throughflow
http://www.bmkg.go.id/ymc/
http://www.jamstec.go.jp/ymc/ Routine sounding sites ( ) & Intensive observation areas ( )
YMC - Years of the Maritime Continent
A 2-Year Long Field Campaign in the Largest Archipelago on Earth
Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC) & Chidong Zhang (NOAA/PMEL)
1) Overview
2) Planned / Proposed Intensive Observation Periods
3) YMC-Sumatra 2017 ( + Pre-YMC Campaign in 2015)
4) YMC-BSM (Boreal Summer Monsoon) 2018
5) Concluding Remarks (Data Management et al.)
IWM-6 in Singapore, Nov 16, 2017
Radiosonde Observation Network by MC Agencies
Funded / Proposed Intensive Observation Periods (IOPs)
As of Sept. 1, 2017 Funded/Proposed
④ Taiwan
2017.12 - 2018.01
2018.05 - 2018.06 ⑤ US-Philippines
SCSTIMX (Monsoon) 2018.08-10
PISTON, CAMP2Ex, SALICA (BSISO, Diurnal cycle)
② China
⑥’
2017.12 - 2018.02
IIOE-2/EIOURI ⑦ US-Malaysia
2018.11 - 2018.12
CMC (Diurnal cycle, MJO) ⑥ Japan-Philippines-Palau
2018.07 – 2018.08
YMC-BSM (Laoag/Palau) (BSISO)
⑧ US-UK-Indonesia ⑥’ Japan-Indonesia-Viet Nam
2018.11 - 2019.02 2018.07
ELO (CCKW) YMC-BSM (Monsoon)
③
① Japan-Indonesia
2017.11 - 2018.01
Diurnal cycle, MJO ⑩ UK-Australia-Indonesia ③ US-Indonesia
⑨ Australia-Indonesia 2019.11 - 2020.02 2018.05
Diurnal cycle, MJO YMC-NOAA (ITF, air-sea)
2019.11 - 2020.01
Diurnal cycle, MJO
2017 2018 2019
③ ⑧
YMC - Years of the Maritime Continent
A 2-Year Long Field Campaign in the Largest Archipelago on Earth
Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC) & Chidong Zhang (NOAA/PMEL)
1) Overview
2) Planned / Proposed Intensive Observation Periods
3) YMC-Sumatra 2017 ( + Pre-YMC Campaign in 2015)
4) YMC-BSM (Boreal Summer Monsoon) 2018
IWM-6 in Singapore, Nov 16, 2017
Diurnal Cycle is still a big challenge
Observation Model
Phase :
Precipitation peak is delayed
From Love et al. (2011)
MJO & Diurnal Cycle Rain Study, Nov 2017 – Jan 2018
Mori et al. (2004)
DEC-mean Precipitation by TRMM
Intensive Observation - 1 : YMC - Sumatra 2017
Target: MJO vs. Diurnal cycle rain
Period: 16 Nov 2017 – 15 Jan 2018
Obs: R/V MIRAI
Land-based at Bengkulu
Enggano Is. Nov 18-21
Model: Forecast by NICAM
(100E, 5S)
Jan 4-6
Dec 5 - Jan 1
m-TRITON Buoy
R/V MIRAI Bengkulu Station
MJO & Diurnal Cycle Rain Study, Nov 2017 – Jan 2018
Nov 18 - 21
Dec 2 – Jan 1
Jan 4 - 6
Target: MJO vs. Diurnal cycle rain near the coast line
Period: Land-based Nov 16, 2017 – Jan 15, 2018
Ship-based Dec 5, 2017 – Jan 1, 2018
Obs: Land-based C-band Doppler radar, X-band MPR, Radiosonde (8/day), AWS,
Video-sonde, CFH-ECC-sonde, etc.
Ship-based C-band Polarimetric Radar, Radiosonde (8/day), LIDAR, SMet,
CTD, ADCP, Sampled water chemical analyses, Wave-glider, etc.
Modeling: During the IOP, real-time forecasting is performed using NICAM
Participants: Japan JAMSTEC, Kyoto U, U Tokyo, U Toyama, Yamaguchi U, Kyushu U, etc.
Indonesia BMKG, BPPT, U Bengkulu, etc.Pilot Study in 2015 : Pre-YMC Campaign (2015.11.09 - 12.20)
< Bengkulu >
1) X-band Polarimetric Doppler Radar
2) BMKG C-band Doppler radar
3) Radiosonde (RS92-SGPD: 8 times/day)
4) Videosonde (18 times)
5) AWS
6) Disdrometers
7) Sky Camera
< R/V MIRAI >
1) C-band Polarimetric Doppler Radar
2) Radiosonde (RS92-SGPD: 8 times/day)
3) Surface Met
4) CTD etc.MJO Phases / Time-height cross sections of basic parameters
12/26 θe
11/9
RH
U
V
Convective Peak arrived at
Bengkulu on Dec 13Diurnal Cycle : Surface Meteorology at Bengkulu
Precip U
00 LT
09
15
18
20
00 LT
SH V
00 LT
09
12
18 18
00 LT
Nov 9 Dec 24 Nov 9 Dec 24
Shuichi Mori (JAMSTEC)Operational Hourly Surface Data Recorded by BMKG Local Met Staff
Date
Local Evening - Night (18-02 LT)
Yellow indicates
Thunder Storm
was observed.
DEC 13 MJO Convective Center arrived
METARDiurnal Cycle vs. MJO
NOV DEC DEC DEC
23 01 09 17
Mirai BMKG
MIRAI Radar
Nov 23 – Dec 16
R = 100 km
Int. = 6 min
BMKG Radar
Dec 12 – 24
R = 120 km DEC DEC DEC DEC
Int. = 10 min 01 09 17 25
Offshore Land
Yokoi et al. (2017, MWR)Diurnal Cycle (Composite) before/after passage of MJO convection
Before MJO convection arrival After MJO convection arrival
Time
[mm/hr]
Offshore Land
Yokoi et al. (2017, MWR)What caused this offshore-ward propagation ?
Potential Temperature Mixing Ratio
900 hPa
07 13 19 01 07 LT 07 13 19 01 07 LT
Temperature drop at 800-900hPa was observed prior to that in the Boundary layer.
---> Same feature can be found in the moisture field
---> Existence of ascent motion is suggested
---> Possible influence from gravity wave generated from land
Schematic view of
possible mechanism
due to gravity wave
Yokoi et al. (2017, MWR)IOD & ENSO Phases
IOD Index Nino3 SST Index
2015. 11-12 2017. 11-12 2015. 11-12 2017. 11-12
Positive IOD Normal El Nino La Nina ?
http://www.bom.gov.au/Seasonal Forecast by SINTEX-F using Earth Simulator
http://www.jamstec.go.jp/frcgc/research/d1/iod/e/seasonal/outlook.html
SST Anomaly Rain Anomaly
DJF DJF
Dipole Mode Index SST Anomaly of “Nino 3.4”
Normal Normal ~ La Nina
2016.10 2018.0１ 2018.10 2016.10 2018.0１ 2018.10
Courtesy of Dr. Doi (JAMSTEC)What are the differences from Pre-YMC?
(1)
This Time
(1) New site covers over the open ocean ( capture life cycle from coast to IO)What are the differences from Pre-YMC?
(2)
(2) High frequent sounding to capture gravity waves (hourly launch for one week)What are the differences from Pre-YMC?
(3) 6-hourly Zone-sonde observtions for 3-days
CFH + Ozone sonde
(Cryogenic Frost-point Hygrometer)
(3) Accurate water vapor measurement in the UT and LS ( QC and S-T Interaction)Videosonde Observation
Videosonde Observation
Suzuki et al. (2014)
Electric
Sensor
In addition,
Lightning Detection System
is deployed both at
Bengkulu Station
& Enganno Island.YMC - Sumatra 2017
YMC - Sumatra 2017
First observation shot …
Sorry, I cannot show you any results
as our campaign at land-based site
has just started 1-hour ago.
But, if you can attend the coming
AGU meeting, orYMC - Sumatra 2017 Daily report & Quick Look will be available from Campaigns Page. http://www.jamstec.go.jp/ymc/
Campaigns Page
Forecast by NICAM
Non-hydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM)
… Global cloud-system resolving model
Earth
Simulator
Forecast Plan in Nov 2017 – Jan 2018
Global 7-km mesh, 14-day forecast, daily update
Global 14-km mesh, 30-day forecast, weekly update
Courtesy of Dr. Nasuno (JAMSTEC)Forecast by NICAM http://nicamfcst.jamstec.go.jp/
Forecast by NICAM
Australia-Indonesia Project Proposal
Main Target: Diurnal cycle vs. MJO
Period: Nov 2019 – Jan 2020
Expected Participants:
Australia (Bureau of Meteorology, U Melbourne, Monash U, CSIRO, UNSW, Deakin U),
Indonesia (BPPT, BMKG),
UK (U East Anglia), Japan (U Tokyo), USA (U Colorado)
Observations:
R/V Investigator (C-Pol Doppler Radar, radiosonde, LIDAR, Sfc Met, ADCP, CTD, LADCP,
Seaglider, drifter)
Remarks:
Pre-proposal has been submitted. Decision will be made in April 2018.
Courtesy of Dr. Wheeler (BoM)YMC - Years of the Maritime Continent
A 2-Year Long Field Campaign in the Largest Archipelago on Earth
Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC) & Chidong Zhang (NOAA/PMEL)
1) Overview
2) Planned / Proposed Intensive Observation Periods
3) YMC-Sumatra 2017 ( + Pre-YMC Campaign in 2015)
4) YMC-BSM (Boreal Summer Monsoon) 2018
5) Concluding Remarks (Data Management et al.)
IWM-6 in Singapore, Nov 16, 2017Boreal Summer Monsoon Study in 2018 +
Main targets : Northward Propagating ISV
Periods: July – September 2018
“SCSTIMX”
Aircraft, Ship, &
Land-based Obs.
Palau Site by JAMSTEC
“CAMP2Ex” Enhanced Radiosonde
Aircraft (P-3) (4/day), Lidar, AWS.
“PISTON”
R/V Tommy Thompson
Simultaneous Ozone-sonde Observations at Enhanced Radiosonde at Laoag (4/day),
Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh, and Kototabang AWS, Doppler Radar, etc.PISTON & CAMP2Ex
TCCON site
(Aus, Japan)
NASA P-3 (July 24 - Sept 3) Baguio
Aerosol impacts on cloud microphysics (PAGASA)
& dynamics
Spatial distribution & transport
R/V Thomas Thompson Diurnal Cycle Rain in August
Courtesy: Kiladis & Sakaeda (NOAA)
Two months of shipboard measurements from
R/V Tomas G. Thompson (Aug 15 – Oct 7)
CPOL Doppler radar (CSU)
Atmospheric soundings 8/day (CSU)
Surface meteorology, turbulent flux, lidar,
radiometer measurements (OSU, NOAA ESRL)
Ocean measurements: turbulence, ADCP (OSU)
Two moorings (SIO/UCSD)
From PISTON Science PlanYMC – Boreal Summer Monsoon Study in 2018
Main targets : Boreal Summer Monsoon focusing on Northward Propagating ISV
Period: July 1 – August 31, 2018
Participants: Japan (JAMSTEC, Kyoto Univ), Philippines (PAGASA, U Philippines),
Indonesia (LAPAN), Viet Nam (NHMS), Palau (Koror Weather Service)
Simultaneous Radiosonde (4/day),
Ozone-sonde
(10 times / 3 wk) X-band MP Radar,
at Hanoi, & AWS at Laoag
Ho Chi Ming
and Kototabang
CFH Eq Atmosphere Radar
CFH-sonde (5-7 times/ 3 wk) & Wave-glider along 132E Radiosonde (4/day),
EAR operation at Kototabang at 8/10/12N Lidar & AWS at Palau.YMC-TTL as part of YMC-BSM 2018
Main targets: Meridional transport of ozone associated EAR
with Asian monsoon and dehydration
process in Tropical Tropopause Layer.
Hanoi ECC (Ozone)
Ho Chi Minh
Frequency 47 MHz
Beam width 3.4 deg
Kototabang Antenna Quasi-circular active phased array
CFH (water vapor) (110m - dia, 560 three-element Yagis)
Range 1.5-20 km (turbulence),
> 90km (ionospheric irregularity)
Sites: Hanoi (105.60E, 21.02N) and Ho Chi Minh (106.67E, 10.82N)
Observations:
1) Ozone-sonde (simultaneous) 15 times during July 1 - 21
Site: Kototabang (100.32E, 0.20S)
Observations:
1) Ozone-sonde (simultaneous) 15 times during July 1 - 21
2) CFH-sonde 5 - 7 times during July 1 - 21
3) Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) continuously
Remarks:
EAR site is operated by Kyoto University and LAPAN.
http://www.rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ear/index-e.htmlMeridional Transport of O3 & Dehydration Processes in TTL
Stratosphere
TTL
Troposphere
Ogino et al. (2013)
Asia Monsoon
Meridional transport of O3 is
measured by launching sonde
simultaneously at different
three sites.
KT HC HN
While CFH (Cryogenic Frost-point Hygrometer) sonde
measures precise water vapor in TTL, EAR detects
vertical motion. By combining them, to study the role
of equatorial wave in the dehydration process.YMC-Laoag as part of YMC-BSM 2018
AWS (Mobile X-band MP Radar)
Main Target: Atmospheric convection associated with BSISO
Sites: Laoag (120.53E, 18.18N) for radiosonde and AWS
Radar site will be determined in Feb 2018
Observations:
1) Radiosonde July 1 - Aug 31, every 6 hourly
2) AWS July 1 - Aug 31, continuously
3) X-band Doppler radar Aug 1 - Aug 31, continuously
Remarks:
1) Basically, all operation will be done by PAGASA based on contract with JAMSTEC
2) Usually PAGASA launches 2 different type sondes. But during IOP, only LMS will be used.
3) Intercomparison among LMS, Graw and Vaisala (RS41) will be performed.
4) NICAM forecast will be performed during entire 2 months.YMC-Palau as part of YMC-BSM 2018
Koror
Koror
Sites: Aimeliik (134.48E, 7.45N) for Lidar, Disdrometer, and AWS
Koror (134.48E, 7.33N) for Radiosonde
Philippine Sea (132E, 8N), (132E, 10N), (132E, 12N) for wave-glider
Observations:
1) Radiosonde July 1 - Aug 31, every 6 hourly
2) Lidar continuously, every 10 min
3) Disdrometer continuously
4) AWS continuously
5) Wave-glider July 10 - Aug 31, WG is equipped with Sfc met, GPS-WV, and ADCP.
Remarks:
1) Radiosonde observation is performed by Koror Weather Service based on contract
between NOAA and JAMSTEC
2) Wave-glider will be released from Palau and may change their position to capture 100-
km scale SST gradient. One WG will shift to 137E line and continue observation after
our IOP as part of TPOS.YMC - Years of the Maritime Continent
A 2-Year Long Field Campaign in the Largest Archipelago on Earth
Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC) & Chidong Zhang (NOAA/PMEL)
1) Overview
2) Planned / Proposed Intensive Observation Periods
3) YMC-Sumatra 2017 ( + Pre-YMC Campaign in 2015)
4) YMC-BSM (Boreal Summer Monsoon) 2018
5) Concluding Remarks (Data Management et al.)
IWM-6 in Singapore, Nov 16, 2017Web Sites http://www.bmkg.go.id/ymc/ http://www.jamstec.go.jp/ymc/
Data Policy & Data Archive Centers YMC adopts “timely release & free/open sharing data policy”. All QCed data will be opened from YMC data archive centers (web sites). Basically researchers are requested to provide QCed data within 1 year after the campaign. * Same as CINDY/DYNAMO Data Policy * Data Archive Centers BMKG, Indonesia http://www.bmkg.go.id/ymc/ JAMSTEC, Japan http://www.jamstec.go.jp/ymc/
Radiosonde Observation Network by MC Agencies
Different Sensors are used at various MC sites.Radiosonde Intercomparison at Laoag
T RH
Ws WdYMC - Years of the Maritime Continent
Purpose
To expedite progress of improving our understanding
and prediction skill of local multi-scale variability of the State-of-the-art numerical models suffer
Observation
MC weather-climate systems and its global impact. from systematic errors of rainfall estimation
Participants
Over 70 institutes/universities from
Australia, China, France, Germany, Indonesia, Japan,
Malaysia, Palau, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan,
Model
Thailand, UK, US, Vietnam, and more. (as of June 2017)
Period
July 2017 – July 2019 (Jan 2010)
Main Science Themes
1) Atmospheric convection (ex. Diurnal cycle, MJO, monsoon) Comparison of monthly mean rainfall for February.
2) Ocean and air-sea interaction Taken from Love et al. (2011)
3) Stratosphere-troposphere interaction
Boreal Winter
4) Aerosols Monsoon Boreal Summer
5) Prediction Monsoon
Main Activities
YMC campaign consists of
1) Data sharing intensive observations and
2) Field campaign modeling study in addition
3) Modeling to routine observations by
local agencies
4) Prediction and applications
5) Outreaching and capacity building
Remarks
YMC has been endorsed by many international bodies
including WMO/WWRP, WCRP/CLIVAR, etc. Diurnal cycle rain
vs. MJO Throughflow
http://www.bmkg.go.id/ymc/
http://www.jamstec.go.jp/ymc/ Routine sounding sites ( ) & Intensive observation areas ( )You can also read
