4 Arup's quarterly review of innovation, design and ideas - Issue 9 | September 2014
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@4
Arup’s quarterly review of
innovation, design and ideas.
Issue 9 | September 2014
1
04 The aviation industry:
responding to increased threat levels
06 Taking the stress out of
the work commute
10 Moving urban environments
to the Ecological Age
16 Smart data enables better I believe it is important that we
regularly stop and consider whether
future. You can watch the discussion
I had around sustainable development
I hope you enjoy this issue.
Regards,
disaster response we could be doing things differently
or better. This is not to say that we
with the Y20 Co-Chair, Holly
Ransom, below.
throw out the old for the new, but to
17 Why more freight
Finally, in this issue we also feature
look at how we can refine what we
the great work we have done for the
know already works to adapt better to
federally funded ‘Smart Grid, Smart
new challenges and opportunities.
will go by train In this issue we are certainly
City’ project and the Sydney Water
backed Future of Urban Water 2050 Peter Bailey
attempting to do this – from how our report in our news section. Both have
18 How can good urban
Chair and CEO, Arup Australasia
aviation industry adapts to changing the potential to positively influence
security challenges, to pop-up offices how and what we design, build
as a solution to growing pressure and consume in terms of our
design reduce crime? on our infrastructure and how we limited resources.
can move our urban environments
20 Urban greening for
towards the Ecological Age.
The ability to influence and adapt
are key attributes for businesses,
health and wealth government and leaders. In this
spirit, I was privileged to work
with the Y20 as part of their video
22 News series to cover some of the topics
our youth consider to be top priority
for our world’s current and future
leaders – and which will feed into
the G20 when they visit in Brisbane
this November.
With such dedicated and impressive
young people helping to drive
discussions and influence policy
around our most pressing issues I
Published by Arup in Australasia: can’t help but feel confident in our
Level 10, 201 Kent Street Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
Editor – Therese Raft | Graphic Design – Amy Meldrum
Front cover image: © iStockphoto.com
2 3
The aviation industry: responding
to increased threat levels
Stacey Peel
The recent announcement by should this change the impact could be organisations can be innovative and 36 people – and fears that the close system and the effectiveness of the Development of new and existing
Prime Minister Tony Abbott significant given the number of people learn from their own and others’ proximity of so many people to systems working with each other. technology to achieve the same or
using Australia’s airports; Sydney attack experiences. Mumbai’s major airport could afford better outcomes whilst streamlining
of Australia’s increased Airport alone handled 37.9 million
In Australia this will mean increased
opportunities for a similar style attack. the security process, a focus on the
national terrorism alert from passengers in 2013, with Melbourne
Tripoli International Airport in Libya cooperation and sharing between
customer service element of the
medium to high reiterates that was the target of a raid by fighters While Australian airports are organisations like ASIO, OTS, airport
Airport catering for 30 million security interface with passengers and
from the Islamic Fajr Libya coalition operating in a very different and airline operators, as well as the
Australia remains an attractive passengers in the 2012 / 2013
in the lead up to the 13th Anniversary environment to Libya and Pakistan, implementation or ramping up of
of great importance minimising the
target to terrorist groups. financial year
of September 11, with 11 commercial the industry is in agreement: it is robust security measures including
attractiveness of aviation as a target
The lack of specific details of the through changes in processing of
Without specific information to aircraft registered as missing. difficult to predict with accuracy how increased vigilance by the broader
threat to justify the increase of the passengers and the infrastructure that
focus preventive security measures, Depending on the reports you read an attack might manifest necessitating airport community, and dedicated
alert level could reinforce the view of supports their journeys.
the additional preparation, planning the potential threat from these stolen broader proactive preventative staff to perform security checks.
and vigilance can and does have some that increased aviation security aircraft ranged from low to high – security measures against an as yet Regardless of one’s view of the
Travellers will notice, and will need
an impact on the wider community is an unjustified inconvenience to and certainly raised concerns about undefined risk event. Underpinning necessity or success of aviation
to factor in, additional security
when it is applied broadly at public passengers and a baseless cost to a similar September 11 style-attack, all of this is the need and desire to security, the ideal situation for the
measures. For instance, some airports
infrastructure such as airports. industry; at the extreme end of the particularly considering the timing of keep people and cargo moving safely industry and the broader community
with direct flights to the USA
attitude spectrum it could be seen as a the assault. through the aviation sector with is a safe and efficient aviation
The Department of Infrastructure tightened screening of mobile phones
waste of money and/or a conspiracy. minimal discomfort, inconvenience sector. Achieving that ideal situation
and Regional Development’s In recognition of the increasing threat, and accessories from July this year in
and cost.So how does the industry continues to challenge the industry
Office of Transport Security (OTS) However, when it comes to we are seeing preventative measures response to intelligence reports.
face this challenge? as it seeks to balance the need for
called for a review of procedures at security the aviation industry being applied by international airports
We can expect a potential increase and safety and efficiency against a threat
major airports including security faces a complex challenge. around the world. In recent months Aviation security is made up of
refocus of security measures as the which is innovative, adaptive and
measures around unrestricted public India’s federal government asked a network of complex systems.
The industry is a target because it is threat evolves and the requirements often unknown.
areas, increased vigilance around officials to consider relocating and These include threat information
characterised by attributes attractive and policies of a global network of
unattended and suspicious items, and rehousing the 90,000 slum dwellers and analysis (intelligence), risk Stacey Peel is a Senior Aviation
to terrorists such as opportunity for airport and airline operators, and
increased frequency of face-to-photo living around Chhatrapati Shivaju management, national and operational Security Consultant based in Arup’s
mass casualties, symbolic targets, the nations in which they operate,
identification checks for staff working International Airport in Mumbai. This policy, physical security and Canberra office.
economic impact, creation of public anticipate and respond to that
in security restricted areas. While is in response to the Taliban assaults security culture. The success of the
anxiety and emotive media coverage. evolution. Industry continues to Image: © iStockphoto.com
such measures currently don’t directly Pakistan’s airports and airline in entire system is dependent on the
The threat is one which seeks to apply effort, however to minimise
impact on passengers’ journeys, early June of this year which killed effectiveness of each as a standalone
exploit vulnerabilities, as terrorist the adverse impact on travellers.
4 5
Taking the stress out
of the work commute
Paul Stanley
You are probably reading If we harness the opportunities of Understandably there is some
this article at your desk in an digital technology to reshape how fear around decentralising the
we work can we achieve better workforce. Surely people will become
office which is some distance results and balance for our workers disconnected and might use their
away from your home base. without having to wait patiently time ‘at work’ inefficiently. Yahoo!
Maybe you are tired and for infrastructure funding to come controversially cancelled their work
stressed from the commute through? from home scheme in 2013 citing that
in to work. I say, yes. One way this could be
it wasn’t right for Yahoo! at the time.
Would your trip be better on a new achieved is to change the company However, a pop-up office could be
motorway lane, or a new route entirely, office into a decentralised collective of used by all staff living in a local area
or perhaps a sexy new ‘generation’ individual pop-ups – closer to home, and still encourage inclusiveness,
tram? Or alternatively, is your dream rather than centralised monoliths. creativity and team work. These
to roll out of bed, grab a coffee at your pop-up offices could be dedicated to
This is the next step beyond what
local café and stroll to work? the one company or part of a larger
have been revolutionary strategies
collective of people co-sharing
With as much as an estimated in workplace design and culture –
workspace – the beauty of the concept
AU$700bn shortfall of infrastructure such as Activity Based Working (no
is that it can be adapted to the needs of
investment in Australia to meet future allocated desks) and flexible work
any person or group of people.
demand we may be waiting a while options which include working from
for those better networks and systems. home or alternative hours. These have This concept has been successfully
However, I can’t help but question the been successfully implemented by used by start-up companies and
scale of the infrastructure required organisations such as Google, The entrepreneurs who co-locate with
and what it says about how as a GPT Group as well as Arup. other organisations – turning what
society we cling to an ‘old school’ 9 – could be stale spaces into hot-beds for
5 commuter existence. networking and creativity without the
overheads of traditional offices.
6 7
Employee attraction and retention 20 people across three pop-up the lunch break. Redefining how we This is not to say that there is no Certainly as our infrastructure comes
is a key benefit here. With talent offices. Each pop-up office work could help redefine how we live. further requirement for corporate under more pressure to accommodate
pools shrinking, and a more diverse offices – they are still important larger populations moving into our
workforce including parents, older
could have a different feel and If the numbers aren’t there for
meeting places for employees and city centres – and with the backlog o
workers and workers commuting can be co-created by the staff dedicated corporate pop-up offices
clients to generate ideas and engender f development required to keep
working there. then collaborative workspaces can
from the fringes of large cities, it is a a sense of belonging. One argument up with demand – we need to be
provide similar benefits. The ability
real benefit to have location options My ideal pop-up office has a café against pop-up offices could be that thinking differently about how we
to bounce ideas off outside and
to access and retain the best workers feel – lots of natural timber, industrial the main or corporate office helps to work. Pop-up offices could be part
objective parties, to learn about new
regardless of where they may live. brick walls, lots of white boards and create and shape a collective brand of the solution.
ways of doing things, tools, software
a warm, vibrant feel. But this is what identity – it reflects who ‘we’ are –
Being able to interact with and learn and opportunities is not only good It’s an interesting idea, can you
I find inspirational, and someone who whereas multiple pop-up offices with
from a variety of people is also a real for the company but good for the see it working?
prefers a minimalist scene may find different looks and feels could dilute
benefit for people who would like the employee’s professional development
that the pop-up office 15 minutes this persona. My personal response Paul Stanley is an Associate
flexibility to work closer to home but and satisfaction.
down the road is a better fit for them. to this would be that it should be the Principal and Transport Planner
want a clear division between their
Further, the technology is already work that we do, not the place that based in Arup’s Melbourne office.
work and home life. Access to active transport, the ability here. We are connected 24/7 by our we work, that defines the corporate
Surely large organisations to walk or ride to work, is highly smart devices, with laptops and tablets identity – and that this could easily be Image: © Julia Robbs
motivating to people who want to free providing great functionality and
have employees across a large themselves from being dominated by
woven into the fabric of pop-up offices Graph: © Arup
Image: © Craig Garner
often just as much juice as clunky regardless of where they are located.
enough geographic spread their car. Creating pop-up offices in
Video: Coworking: The benefits of collaborative
desktop computers. These devices can workspaces © SBS World News and The Conversation
– to the north, south, east vibrant neighbourhoods allows people be synced to a central IT server every
I think pop-up offices offer
and west – that there would to immerse themselves in the local evening to capture information and
supplementary workspaces that can
be a demand for these types community, try the local cafes and contribute to the dynamism of the
data. Costs for leases or co-locating
restaurants, frequent the local shops, workplace and provide options and
of spaces. Say you have 60 would be more negotiable and flexible
opportunities for workers looking for
stop in to visit the kids at the local day
people living in an area – outside of our city centres
alternatives to the daily commute.
care centre or run some errands over
maybe you would then have
8 9
Moving urban environments
to the Ecological Age
Greg King
Currently the world is in a This concept of ‘city-wide retrofit’ With road corridors and open space
period of transition from has the potential to give large scale areas generally managed by only a
benefits to urban environments. few organisations the retrofit process
the industrial age to a more
can be achieved in a realistic
sustainable future. This new One aspect of urban areas that should
manner with a manageable number
future has been termed by be explored more thoroughly is road
of stakeholders. Relating to road
corridors and open spaces. These
retired Arup Director Peter areas make up a significant component
reserves the stakeholders could
Head as the ‘Ecological of the urban environment, both in
include the local council, several
Age’, and occurs when terms of their function and the land
utility companies, any community
humans are living within the groups and the general community as
area they take up.
a single stakeholder group.
capacity of their surrounding With modern Geographic Information
environments. A recent example of where this kind
Systems (GIS) technology, it is now
of city-wide thinking has been applied
The 2014 United Nations report on possible to efficiently analyse urban
is Moreton Bay Regional Council –
urbanisation estimates that 54% of the environments to determine the
Australia’s third largest council with
world population lives in urban areas potential for city-wide retrofit.
one of the fastest growing populations
in 2014, compared to 30% in 1950. Most councils/governments maintain in Australia. The Moreton Bay
This figure is expected to increase to multiple datasets relating to assets Regional Council Community Plan
66% living in urban areas by 2050. As and features within road corridors 2011 – 2021 targets investment in
the world’s population becomes more and open space areas. By splitting active transport (walking and cycling)
urbanised, transitioning urban areas this data into individual road and outlines a holistic approach to
to the ecological age is becoming corridors, intersections and open achieve a more connected community
increasingly important. space, each area can be spatially with residents embracing more
So far, there has been a lot of work assessed to determine its suitability sustainable travel and behaviour.
done looking at individual buildings for retrofit works. This analysis can
Much of the information to assess
to make them more sustainable provide urban planners and elected
the viability of city-wide retrofit
(both the design of new buildings officials with the information they
initiatives already exists – by
and renovating existing buildings). need to make the big decisions and
collecting and analysing this
However with the combined size investments that will transition
information local councils around
of urban areas around the world, a urban environments towards the
Australia can generate real health,
more holistic city-wide approach is ecological age.
environmental and economic
also required. benefits for their local communities.
10 11
Diagram 2: An example of
how an environmental corridor
can be integrated into an existing
urban area.
Diagram 3: Within the road
corridor environmental features
can be added to establish the
corridor as an environmental link.
Diagram 1: Active transport priority
corridors will create a network of
safe and reliable transport options in
our busy urban centres. Focussing on
minor arterial and local roads (with
lower traffic volumes) provides the
opportunity to implement a connected
active transport network.
Making our urban areas such as dedicated bike lanes and roads and local roads – will Creating places for people a development, it is certainly possible
work harder racks, and pedestrian zones provide for a connected and and nature to create a corridor by retrofitting
and pathways. existing road corridors to provide
Getting people moving continuous active transport Significant amounts of land in urban
continuous connection between
Apart from a reduction in congestion network and a genuine areas are designed for a single
existing natural areas.
Traffic congestion in urban areas is there are also associated health purpose – as transport corridors
estimated to cost $20.4 billion by alternative to private vehicles.
benefits from walking or cycling. for private vehicles, recreational To do this, those significant
2020. This is startling when statistics The Australian Government’s Active The criteria to look for are moderate areas or surplus land to urban uses. environmental areas and potential
from the Australian Government’s Travel report quantifies that for each traffic volumes, the road surface that There is huge potential linkages will need to be identified.
Active Travel report demonstrates that kilometre walked, our economy is sufficiently wide to accommodate for these areas to be retrofitted to The aim here is to locate road
1 in 7 adults drives less than 5km to benefits around $2.12, and for each active transport and traffic lanes, and support additional functions that corridors with adequate space for
work or study – a trip that could be kilometre by bike, our economy good connections between nodes. improve the quality, amenity and revegetation. GIS provides the
accommodated by cycling or walking. accrues around $1.43 – these could Most local councils maintain spatial aesthetics of our urban areas. platform to identify overall corridor
To address this, we are seeing be associated with less time off work, datasets for assets, features and connections and the individual roads
infrastructure networks within road Environmental corridors could be
increased attention and emphasis on less time at clinics and hospitals and embedded into the urban fabric that will form each corridor. In terms
active transport infrastructure by potentially fewer instances of chronic corridors. By using GIS technology of their layout environmental corridors
it is possible to spatially analyse each instead of being relegated to isolated
many local governments to encourage medical conditions. fragments. One of the key concepts of don’t have to be a straight line link.
better transport options, improved road corridor segment for potential as The corridors can be implemented to
Using GIS to identify a an active transport corridor. conservation work is to ensure natural
avoid higher density areas or any other
health and reduced traffic congestion. areas are connected, allowing fauna to
network of road corridors to unsuitable areas. This gives a lot of
This essentially means enabling easy move freely and easily between areas.
be active transport priorities flexibility to implement environmental
access to active transport facilities
– focussing on minor arterial While dedicated areas and crossings corridors within existing urban areas.
are best established at the beginning of
12 13
Stormwater purification The spatial analysis of urban Urban food production footprint of our produce and provide environmental constraints, flood
areas using GIS can assist additional revenue for communities. boundaries and terrain.
Another way in which we can Growing urban populations are
improve our urban areas is to look with the placement and sizing putting pressure on agricultural land. As well as converting some open This data is held by various state
at stormwater runoff. Runoff collects of swales. As urban populations continue to rise space areas into dedicated agricultural government departments and
various pollutants and then flows the amount of food that needs to be areas, crops could be established in local councils. Over recent years
into surrounding waterways, Watershed catchments and sub- produced must rise as well. open space areas while maintaining governments have undertaken
damaging delicate aquatic eco- catchments can be easily defined access for the community for comprehensive iniatives to make their
systems. Using road corridors within GIS and then the land uses There is potential to use some recreational uses. For example fruit data available. This covers a wide
and open spaces for bio-filtration within each catchment can be of the secondary open space trees could be established in such a range of datasets including what is
swales – vegetation (grasses) and determined. Then the analysis of areas that aren’t suitable way as to provide a seasonal crop, listed above and a lot more. Making
porous materials that filter stormwater road corridors, creek corridors and for urban development or but to also be used as landscaping use of available data can potentially
open spaces can be done to identify
runoff on its way to local waterway
potential locations for swales.
desirable for recreational for open space areas. This allows an identify many sites throughout urban
systems – is another smart use of activities (e.g. flood plains) area to have multiple uses within areas for agricultural uses.
existing urban infrastructure. There are various types of swales, the urban environment.
to grow crops. Incorporating relevant datasets into a
Different land uses will generate and the effectiveness of a swale is The criteria that will determine spatial model will allow potential sites
determined by its size and design. But This will allow urban areas to
different types and quantities of sites suitable for food production to be found efficiently.
with adequate analysis within GIS become more self-sufficient with their
runoff pollutants. Just randomly include undeveloped areas, soil types,
watershed, catchments can be defined food production, reduce the carbon
placing swales around an urban area
won’t provide an efficient solution to and swales given optimal locations.
mitigate runoff impacts.
Diagram 4: An example of a bio-filtration swale. They can fit within road
corridors to catch runoff before it enters local waterway systems.
Diagram 6: Within an urban area there are
potentially many areas that could be suitable for
food production.
Diagram 5: Example of where swales can be
placed throughout the city water network.
To achieve ecological age rather than continuing to expand and With the development of GIS
principles, humans need to put increasing pressure on already technology, projects of this nature can
straining resources and infrastructure. now be planned and scoped efficiently.
be living in alignment with It is within reach to retrofit complex
natural systems, not resisting Improving the amenity, liveability
urban environments by giving each
against them which was the and interconnection of our urban
road corridor and open space area a
areas is one important benefit of a
way of the industrial age. city-wide retrofit – but there are also
secondary use.
Focussing on the significant road economic benefits from additional In short, retrofitting our urban areas
corridors and open spaces in our revenue streams and reduced health will make communities more vibrant
urban areas for retrofit has real merit. and absenteeism costs. Improved and desirable to visit, work and live in.
With urban populations around the environmental outcomes for wildlife
Greg King is a GIS Consultant based
world growing rapidly, it makes and conservation areas will help to
in Arup’s Brisbane office.
sense to use our available spaces protect the ecological integrity of
Image: © Wikicommons
more efficiently and effectively local areas. Diagrams: © Arup
14 15
Why more freight
will go by train
Darren Briggs
As cities around the world vehicles are banned or must pay more Outside peak times, there is certainly
restrict freight vehicles’ access to enter. Germany alone has over 40 capacity for this. It’s also a very
such zones. reliable and fast way of getting into
to their centres, I think we’ll
city centres, which is why there are
see a radical change to the All this will make it harder for the
already companies in the UK with
way goods are delivered. logistics industry to deliver into cities
Smart data enables
viable businesses doing it. Manchester
as it has until now. They’ll be under
Don’t be surprised if trains pressure to use electric vehicles in
to London by road might take four
and electric bikes are soon hours, or five on a bad day. Jump on a
better disaster response
cities, which won’t have the range to
playing a big part in the reach as many destinations in cities
train and you (or your parcel) can be
supply chain that brings there in two hours.
from regional distribution centres. So
Tim Mote parcels to your door. they’ll have to rethink their approach. TNT did a trial where they brought
a freight train full of parcels into
What’s driving trucks out of cities? What will this mean? I think we’ll see
London’s Euston station. The
In Europe and the US, cities are longer-distance haulage distribution
An essential part of resilience from Twitter and the television news. Drawing on our experience of the
get bigger, with a much greater use of
challenge with doing this for real is
built environment, Arup is developing pedestrianising their centres. They’re
in the face of natural disaster But these couldn’t tell him what the becoming friendly for cycling – container trains, big trucks and ships.
that many passenger stations haven’t
exactly this sort of system – called
is responding quickly. And impact on the bank’s building would something that heavy goods vehicles Within cities, the opposite will happen:
been designed with freight in mind
Hazard Owl. After combining real- or the facilities have been removed as
that’s where smarter data can be, so he couldn’t plan exactly what
time information about natural certainly are not. And they’re delivery vehicles will get smaller.
actions they’d have to take to keep passenger numbers increased.
help businesses. disasters with details of your assets’ also increasingly imposing access The growth of port centric logistics,
working. Should he tell his staff to not restrictions, with Europe leading the Other countries, such as Germany and
Today there is a plethora of real- vulnerability, it recommends actions where goods are sorted at the port they
come into work? Would they need to way in low-emission zones. France, are putting more of their high-
time information available from based on your business’s specific risk arrive at prior to being distributed,
make repairs? Would they need to set value freight on their rail networks.
national and international scientific management plans. Many cities are being choked by their will further improve access to rail and
up temporary servers elsewhere? The German city of Dresden even has
organisations, covering everything These actions might include alerting traffic (pollution in Oxford Street in water networks. Logistics facilities
What he needed, and what businesses a cargo tram system, and Amsterdam
from earthquakes to wildfires. your employees by email, backing up London was recently measured at on the perimeter of cities will then
around the world need, is a system has trialled the same approach.
Thanks to the internet and mobile and shutting down your data servers three times over the EU limit – the facilitate the transfer from bulk
technology, these feeds can alert you that combines real-time information highest in the world according to containers to city containers. China is facing huge problems with
or carrying out structural inspections
immediately to danger. about the hazard with details of how the Sunday Times). This is putting congestion on its roads; you can
of your buildings. So when a natural We’re already seeing companies doing
vulnerable your assets are. These pressure on mayors to legislate find yourself in traffic jams that last
But they don’t give you the full story. disaster strikes, you know exactly how this – firms like Gnewt who deliver
details could be something as simple polluting vehicles out of their city for days. So the reliability that the
Exactly what is the risk the impending it will affect you and what you should in London already have a sustainable
as the exact location of all your centres, not least because the EU is rail network provides offers a huge
disaster poses to your business? And do to reduce your risk. business delivering goods with electric
buildings, so you can easily see which looking to levy fines on cities that advantage when it comes to freight.
what exactly should you do to reduce ones are in the path of an approaching What data do you think you vehicles because this is what their
the risk? The information available transgress. clients want. Plus it’s actually easier With countries in the Middle East also
cyclone, for example. need to help your business
needs to be put into a context that become more resilient? While it’s politically difficult to ban to get around a city on an electric investing in rail for freight as well as
helps you act. Or it could be more complex. For cars from city centres, it’s easier delivery bike than it is in a truck. for passengers, it is clear that rail has
example, the risk information action Tim Mote has a PhD in Geology to legislate for goods vehicles. an increasingly important part to play
Take one example from a client we’re system could connect to a detailed and is a seismic specialist based in I’d also expect this shift to mean rail
And because they’re significant in the future of logistics.
working with. When an earthquake BIM model of each asset. Then you Arup’s Sydney office. carrying more freight, although not
occurred offshore near Wellington in contributors to nitrogen dioxide and necessarily in a traditional way. For Continue the conversation at
could receive warnings if a predicted particulate emissions, public opinion
New Zealand over the weekend, the Continue the conversation at example, I’m currently working on a Arup Thoughts.
event like a cyclone or hurricane tends to support cities that create
operations manager of a global bank Arup Thoughts. study looking at how passenger trains
exceeds an asset’s design limits. low-emissions zones where polluting
was alerted from real-time updates Image: © Arup could be used to move freight.
16 17
How can good urban
design reduce crime?
Rachel Armitage
Whose job is it to prevent Natural surveillance is one such 4. Management and maintenance – The impact of individual measures can This just scratches the surface. In
crime? The police? The design change. By ensuring that creating a positive image and ensuring be striking. For example, we found my book, I detail a vast amount
properties face the street and that that future maintenance is easy that properties overlooked by between of research that illustrates the
courts? Certainly. However, sightlines are clear of overgrown trees, 5. Defensible space – a clearly defined three and five other properties effectiveness of CPTED. So surely our
I’d argue that crime prevention high walls and fences, you remove experienced 38% less crime than those duty as planners, designers, architects,
ownership, purpose and role enhances
is also the responsibility hidden-from-view areas where crime feelings of territoriality amongst not overlooked. builders, police and researchers is
of planners, architects, could be committed unseen. residents and legitimate users. Crime can ruin lives, but it also
to use this evidence to ensure that
developers and managers of This is one of the five overarching carries a significant financial cost – so
housing everywhere is built with
Does this approach really work?
public space. And they can principles of CPTED, which are: In the UK, these principles underpin reducing crime saves money. In fact,
CPTED principles in mind.
use simple evidence-based 1. P
hysical security – securing the police-led award scheme it’s been calculated that implementing Given the evidence, can you think of a
design measures to do it. buildings and spaces to an Secured by Design (SBD). Evaluations Secured by Design pays for itself in reason why designers, architects, and
of the scheme, including one on two years, and that’s only taking into planners shouldn't design buildings
Crime prevention through appropriate level
which I worked in 2011, have account costs associated with burglary with crime prevention in mind?
environmental design (CPTED) is an 2. S urveillance – allowing both
shown that it does. and criminal damage.
approach that reduces crime through the formal and informal surveillance Continue the conversation at
design and manipulation of the built (and by users of a space, creating a We found that non-SBD properties This is why the benefits of CPTED Arup Thoughts.
sometimes the natural) environment. feeling of unease amongst non- in West Yorkshire experienced are being recognised globally. In New Image: © iStockphoto.com
This doesn’t mean fortification – locks, legitimate users a burglary rate of 22.7 per 1,000 South Wales, Australia, developments
bolts, high walls, fences and barriers – dwellings. This compared to just 5.8 the local council considers pose a
3. Movement control – limiting
but subtle design changes, ideally at the per 1,000 for the sample of properties crime risk must have a crime risk
access, exit and through movement
pre-planning stage. where Secured by Design principles assessment. And The Netherlands
had been applied. has one of the most comprehensive
approaches to embedding CPTED
within the planning process.
18 19Urban Private developers are being
pushed to incorporate urban
benefit on wellbeing – increasing
happiness, boosting productivity and
even making us more resilient to
While this is all hugely positive, I
call for planners to push harder for
pervasive greening that inhabitants
state’s aims have migrated towards
promoting a knowledge economy –
making the city a place in which smart
standard façade contractor to install
as well as being low maintenance and
having a low environmental impact.
greening for
greening into their projects, physical illness. can see and appreciate. There’s a huge people want to live. Unsurprisingly, Crucially, it involves growing plants
but too often this results in social benefit to greening that isn’t both cities lead the way in green from seed in-situ so there’s no need to
green roofs that most of us Cities are well attuned to these
health and
captured through engineering and wall uptake – the wall at the Musee grow plants in greenhouses off site.
drivers and implement a range of
will never see. I’d love to grants, mandates and incentives for
environmental criteria. Maybe it could de Quai Branly in Paris was opened
I hope that this will make green walls
see a stronger emphasis on be a remedy to some of our economic in 2008 and Singapore is planning
wealth
greening, but generally the focus more accessible, and more common,
green initiatives that a city’s is on biodiversity or storm water
woes. Some cities certainly think so. a 300m green tower by the architect
and that cities and their planning
occupants can enjoy: street Jean Nouvel.
attenuation. Berlin has mandatory The mayor of Paris seems to departments will make developers
Ralph Wilson planting, window planting and requirements for the ratio of understand this argument, as does Of course there are barriers, think harder about incorporating
green walls. ‘ecologically effective surface’ to the government of Singapore. Paris particularly with green walls. They greening that you and I can enjoy as
total envelope area on new buildings. has few parks and performs poorly can be expensive, require careful we wander their streets.
The drivers for urban greening Chicago allows development at higher in the World Health Organization’s maintenance, and the reputational
are well understood. As well as Continue the conversation at
densities if 50% or more of a roof Urban Green Space Index, so has risks of a green wall turning brown
benefits for biodiversity, storm water Arup Thoughts.
surface area is covered by vegetation. released large amounts of funding for are considerable. It’s no surprise that
attenuation, air cleansing and urban And Cologne, along with many other green initiatives. Likewise Singapore, developers often hide their greening
Image: © Simon Wood, Coutesy of Frasers Property
and Sekisui House
heat island mitigation, there’s a strong cities, offers reductions in storm the ‘Garden City’, first placed an up on a roof.
human element. There’s a large water drainage connection charges for emphasis on urban greening during
body of evidence to suggest that a At Arup, our Ventures team are
buildings with green roofs. industrialisation to project a message
connection to nature has a positive developing a new green wall concept.
of stability for investment. Now the
It aims to be simple enough for a
20 21News
New Butler Part of the 7.5km extension of Perth's
existing northern Joondalup line, the
“On many levels, the station's design
is progressive and it’s a credit to
Quay Quarter Sydney’s waterfront, opening it to
the CBD and providing a new range
“Circular Quay is Sydney’s gateway,
but it has lacked relevance in recent
station a credit to new station has taken more than three the PTA in terms of the Authority’s Sydney architecture of premium commercial, retail and years – Quay Quarter is a precinct
architectural vision years to plan and build, with the
PTA’s stringent safety, access,
willingness to accept and encourage
this new approach to station design.”
competition winner residential space. worthy of a place alongside the
world’s most famous harbour.
22 Sep 2014 functional and layout requirements
– Alistair Avern-Taplin, Buildings
announced Arup has been working with
AMP Capital since project
To work with AMP Capital in such a
Perth's new multimillion dollar integral to the design. 25 Sep 2014 fully integrated way and consult on
Leader in WA, Arup inception, providing a full
Butler train station and bus terminal, the project from start to finish is a
Alistair Avern-Taplin, Arup’s AMP Capital has named Danish multidisciplinary engineering
The station is set to be a particularly unique opportunity.”
officially opened 21 September, sets Buildings Leader in WA, said the service for the 110,000m2 precinct
highly trafficked area, with more than architects 3XN as the winner of its
a new standard of design for railway collaborative approach has resulted development. The firm has guided – Robert Saidman, Principal
2,000 commuters forecast to use the design competition for the landmark
stations in Western Australia. in a highly successful, aesthetically the project through feasibility studies, and Sydney Building Services
facility on average every working day. Quay Quarter Sydney development in
This state-of-the-art facility has pleasing station which is hallmarked submission of the Stage 1 DA, Leader, Arup
Circular Quay.
by a striking roof form. Read the online version. informing the client brief and
been a collaborative project, Quay Quarter Sydney spans Young,
Image: © Arup / Karen Scarborough The winning design reimagines the design competition.
commissioned by Perth's Public “This structure really does set a new Bridge and Loftus streets in Sydney’s
existing AMP Capital 50 Bridge
Transport Authority (PTA), and standard of design for metropolitan We will continue to provide all historic centre.
Street tower as a series of stacked,
brought to fruition by Coniglio train stations in Perth, it's a credit engineering consulting services
juxtaposed forms – or ‘vertical Read the online version.
Ainsworth Architects, with to the vision of architects Coniglio to AMP Capital and the architects
villages’ - which rotate to maximise Image: © 3XN
global engineering consultancy Ainsworth, and the team at Arup is through to completion, including the
views of the surrounding area,
Arup providing structural very proud to have assisted them to environmentally sustainable design of
including the iconic Sydney Harbour.
engineering services. achieve the functional requirements the development.
The new Quay Quarter Tower sits
necessary, without compromise.” amidst a broader precinct that will
revitalise a significant portion of
22 23Arup expertise innovative solutions sympathetic to
the heritage building fabric. The air
brings new life to conditioning system utilises full fresh
heritage Macquarie air through a raised access floor, and
features chilled beams, and cooling
Group headquarters units integrated into trading desks.
11 Sep 2014 This delivers superior performance,
while freeing the ceilings from bulky
50 Martin Place, the new ductwork and allowing the original
global headquarters of Macquarie architectural form to be expressed.
Group, demonstrates how heritage This system is the first of its kind in
properties can be successfully and Australian commercial property.
sustainably modernised.
“To take such a distinctive property
The redeveloped landmark now and fully modernise its working
features expansive and engaging environment in a manner sympathetic
environments, contemporary to its heritage status was a complex
workplace facilities and, as task. The atrium in particular
Australia’s largest heritage building required a holistic approach from all
to attain the 6 Star rating from our disciplines to achieve the desired
Green Star, world-class sustainability. environment, and close collaboration
Importantly, this was achieved with with the project team to deliver
minimal impact upon the heritage Macquarie’s vision.”
quality of the building.
– Andrew Pettifer, Project Director
As lead engineering consultant for and Arup NSW Region Leader.
the project, Arup provided building
services, ESD, fire engineering, and “Macquarie acquired 50 Martin
lighting and audio-visual system Place in 2012 and in doing so, made
design. A multi-disciplinary service a commitment to preserve and
that helped inform design and reinvigorate this historic building
materials of the refurbished property. to meet the needs of its clients
and people. Fundamental to this
The central atrium engages the outside commitment was a focus on enhancing
world in a building which, due to its performance through connectivity,
heritage façade, has fewer external collaboration and sustainability. We
windows than a modern building. In decided to work with Arup because of
concert with the magnificent glass its track record in delivering complex
dome roof, the atrium increases projects to the highest standards.”
access to daylight. The form of the
atrium expansion required extensive – Will Walker, Head of Business
modelling to maximise this feature. Services, Macquarie Group.
The wide expanse, draws fresh The property, originally built as the
air across the working floors and headquarters of the Government
exhausting it through the new Savings Bank of New South Wales,
roof structure. The open edges of features a distinctive terracotta and pink
the atrium void and its inter-floor granite Beaux-Arts façade. Constructed
stairs encourage team interaction in 1928, the trading hall was once one of
and collaboration. the largest in the world.
Arup engineers retrofitted the Read the online version.
structure with a range of building Image: © Peter Bennetts
services designed to offer efficient and
24 25Arup highlights Leadership Group (C40) and Arup
in partnership with ICLEI-Local
combined with a rapid demographic
shift towards towns and cities. If we
impact of climate Governments for Sustainability, don’t design tomorrow’s infrastructure
change action United Cities and Local Governments,
UN Habitat, the UN Secretary-
to lower carbon and more resilient
standards, we face some dire
24 Sep 2014 General’s Special Envoy for Cities outcomes. I believe we can do better.
New report created with the C40 and Climate Change and the World This is why I want Arup to be an
Cities Climate Leadership Group Resources Institute. agent for change, helping to create
shows cities could curb 13GtCO2e in the standards we need to deliver a
“The new report shows that C40
greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. healthier, wealthier and more secure
cities alone have doubled climate
future for all.”
Arup Group Chairman, Gregory action just in the last two years. If we
Hodkinson, joined more than 120 continue at this rate, we could save – Gregory Hodkinson, Arup Group
Heads of State and the UN Secretary GHG emissions totalling 13GtCO2e Chairman
General, Ban Ki-moon, at the UN against the business as usual scenario
In recent years, Arup has worked
Climate Summit in New York as part by 2050. Clearly, there is momentum
with many groups such as the C40,
of a series of activities taking place for change.”
the Clinton Climate Initiative, the
during Climate Week. – Paula Kirk, Energy and Climate Rockefeller Foundation and the World
He led the Arup team at the launch Change Leader, Arup Economic Forum to provide practical
of a new report highlighting some of tools for change and a strategic
According to the report, some
the actions cities around the world roadmap toward a more resilient and
228 global cities, representing 436
are taking to reduce greenhouse gas sustainable future.
million people, have already set GHG
emissions (GHGs). reduction goals. Read the online version.
The ‘Global Aggregation of City “What we have is population growth Image: © C40
Climate Commitments’ report was that could see almost two billion
produced by the C40 Cities Climate more people on the planet by 2050
The Homebush Bay Arup has guided the 300m bridge
through early conceptual design,
environment. Arup’s holistic
involvement has helped us shape the
Bridge breaks ground environmental impact statements, best outcomes for the Rhodes and
03 Sep 2014 and detailed design and construction Wentworth Point communities.”
over a 10 year period. The bridge has
The Homebush Bay Bridge, – James Naylor,
fixed tie in points to align with the
linking the suburbs of Rhodes Project Director, Arup
upcoming town centre development
and Wentworth Point, officially at Wentworth Point, requiring a Representing a forward thinking
broke ground on Monday, 1 form that angles over the bay and approach to infrastructure, the project
September, marking the ceremonial raised connections to integrate with is being delivered under a Voluntary
commencement of construction. buildings and walkways. Long spans Planning Agreement between the
The AU$43m bridge will cater for were chosen to reduce the necessary NSW Government and the Wentworth
pedestrian and cycle traffic, public supporting piers, maintaining rowing Point Landowners Alliance Group.
buses and emergency services, with a lanes and preventing the unnecessary The bridge, expected to be completed
future provision for light rail. It will disturbance of Homebush Bay’s bed. in early 2016, promotes the sustainable
also provide residents of Wentworth growth of two of Western Sydney’s
“A project of the complexity of the
Point with access to Rhodes railway fastest growing communities.
Homebush Bay Bridge represents
station – shortening the distance from a unique engineering opportunity Read the online version.
7km to 1km. – a standalone, long span bridge Image: © Rick Graf
in a highly constrained urban
26 27Study set to shape You can download the full report here. “Australia is the driest populated
continent, and due to the challenges
“There is a key role for Sydney
Water and their peers in driving this
broader opportunities presented by
water utilities in the generation of
the future. We are excited by emerging
opportunities to do things differently
future of urban water Each scenario sees the industry
move in a new direction with
of our climate Sydney Water has evolution and overseeing the more energy and the recovery of resources and be at the forefront of creative
management services various opportunities for customers,
successfully undertaken water
efficiency and conservation programs
complex water delivery systems that
are on the horizon.”
from wastes. solutions that respond the full range
of customer needs. This Arup study
infrastructure and governance. Some According to Arup, the expertise
01 Sep 2014 to manage demand. As our largest is an exciting step towards securing
incorporate modest changes such – Daniel Lambert, Australasia Water and technology that Sydney Water
A ground-breaking study into future city and one facing unique challenges innovative and efficient management
as the introduction of products and Leader, Arup and other Australian water utilities
scenarios for urban water management however, it is imperative that Sydney of our water resources for the next
services using smart-water metering, will develop in making the transition
continues to remain at the forefront Estimates are that Sydney faces rapid several decades.”
launched today at a Committee for real time monitoring, smart phone to new models in future represents
of innovative thinking as to what urbanisation with an additional 1.3
Sydney, Sydney 2054 workshop will apps and related technology. Overall, intellectual property that could – Kaia Hodge, Manager Liveable City
the future of water supply may look million people predicted to move
help cities in Australia and across water bills could become lower as support new domestic and export Programs, Sydney Water
like. This thinking should consider into the city over the next decade.
the world address key pressures that customers are more empowered to revenue streams.
demand, operating models and Population growth will boom with The Committee for Sydney workshop
pose challenges to safe, secure and reduce consumption.
adoption of technological innovation urban renewal projects around Sydney Water Manager Liveable at which the report was launched is
sustainable supply of water.
Others suggest more extensive changes to ensure value is able to be realised corridors and hubs that have access City Programs, Kaia Hodge, said the part of a series of workshops feeding
The study, led by Arup and Sydney such as self-management of water by the community.” to public transport, and major job and planned study underscored Sydney in to their Sydney 2054 initiative
Water, draws on a range of future supply by local communities, a greater housing growth in Western Sydney. Water’s determination to be at the which aims to shape a vision for
scenarios in mapping how water supply – Daniel Lambert, Australasia Water
role for private industry in building and As a result, Sydney Water is exploring forefront of planning for and driving Sydney at half century and to inform
in Sydney and other major cities could Leader, Arup
operating site-specific water systems, options for future supply models that water management solutions for large policy between now and then.
look in 25 years in the face of population differentiated customer billing. “Jointly with Sydney Water, Arup complement the existing centralised urban centres.
Read the online version.
growth, increasing scarcity of water and has been able to consider and assess system to provide affordable and
Arup’s Australasia Water Leader, “Water underpins the liveability of
continued budget pressures. scenarios that could transform the timely servicing options that support Image: © Arup
Daniel Lambert said the joint planning our city. It is not just about plumbing
‘The Future of Urban Water: operating model for water utilities. urban planning and design aspirations.
study was one of the most imaginative our houses. It is also about how water
Scenarios for Urban Water Utilities Arup believes our population will
and forward-looking of its type While the scenarios and trends realises the look and feel of our city,
in 2040’ report highlights over 100 be best served if water authorities
undertaken by any water utility, and identified in the Arup/Sydney Water and supports its future prosperity.”
social, economic, environmental, migrate towards a hybrid model which
would help Australian water utilities study offer a glimpse into the hybrid
incorporates greater decentralisation “We recognise that there are big
political and technology trends, to plan for and effect change on a local model of water management that could
and autonomous management of changes ahead for the industry
outlining four key scenarios which and global scale. take shape in Sydney in the face of
water supply, greater participation and that it is vital for us to take a
will guide the long term planning of demographic and economic pressures,
of additional service providers and leadership role that is proactive in
Sydney Water. they also offer the potential for wider
smarter management of the water grid. responding to change and planning for
application. They also touch on the
28 29Arup Principal and Project Director, • Grid applications – grid-side Cost Benefit Assessment Report.
Dr Richard Sharp, said the cost-benefit monitoring and control technologies The report pinpoints the technologies
analysis was a rigorous examination to reduce network operating costs most likely to deliver a more efficient
of the Smart Grid, Smart City project and support the future and effective electricity network,
that would feed into the ongoing planning and implementation and outlines 23 recommendations
reform of regulations governing of lower-cost networks; for implementation of smart-grid
electricity supply and distribution. technology across the national grid.
• Customer applications – residential
“We estimate total net benefits across electricity consumption, reliability, The findings have also underpinned
World-first study of Energy Efficiency Initiative, Smart
Grid, Smart City is one of the largest
the project and developed a business
case for implementing the most the grid in the order of AU$28bn customer behaviour and responses development of a sophisticated set
smart-grid technologies and most ambitious commercial- effective of these at a national level. if the most promising smart-grid
technologies were to be implemented
to feedback technologies and pricing
models. This included an electric
of interfacing models – believed
to be the most advanced of their
released in Australia scale trial deployments of smart-grid
infrastructure and applications ever
They found the largest economic nationally. That’s money that can vehicle trial and investigations into the kind in the world – that will be
benefits came from technologies that be applied to other infrastructure interoperability of electricity metering made available to all industry
28 Jul 2014 undertaken in the world.
improved the overall reliability of and services, or shaved off bills for with gas and water metering; participants to guide implementation
A comprehensive cost-benefit analysis Centering on the use of information the network. Notably, Fault households or business.” of smart-grid technology.
– the first of its kind in the world – and communications to improve the Detection Isolation and Restoration • Distributed generation and
has identified up to AU$28bn in net efficiency of electricity generation, (FDIR) technologies which allowed “For example, at the household level, distributed storage – distributed “Industry participants now have
economic benefits that could flow to distribution and usage, the trials for rapid detection and repair of we can use technology to change generation and distributed storage at their disposal a suite of proven
Australia if smart-grid technologies were led by NSW network company network faults was found to have electricity usage patterns so as to within electricity grids, at the level technologies to make electricity
were to be implemented across Ausgrid with support from industry potential to deliver billions of dollars dampen demand at peak periods, of small communities; and, supply more efficient and less
Australia’s electricity system. and government partners including in benefits if used nationally. reducing capacity requirements over costly. The challenge now is for
• Supporting information and
IBM Australia, GE Energy Australia, the long term.” relevant jurisdictions and regulatory
The analysis conducted by a The consortium also found the trial of communication technology
Grid Net, the CSIRO, TransGrid and authorities to work together so that
consortium led by project design and in-home electronic and online tools for “Given the right mix of technologies, platforms – integration of various
Energy Australia. retailers and distributors and other
engineering firm Arup unveiled at an monitoring and adjusting electricity a smart grid is achievable. This high-speed, reliable and secure
participants have the flexibility to
industry briefing in Sydney today was In its cost-benefit analysis, Arup and usage in near-real time, coupled means we get more out of our existing data communications network and
adapt and deploy these technologies
commissioned to examine the results of consortium partners Energeia, Frontier with ‘smart’ meters and alternate electricity infrastructure, and can associated IT systems with the
where it is of benefit to consumers.”
the Smart Grid, Smart City project – a Economics and the Institute of pricing models, gave households stage investment in new infrastructure electricity distribution network,
trial of smart-grid technologies in NSW Sustainable Futures (UTS) quantified unprecedented control over when over longer periods.” including interoperability with the – Dr Richard Sharp, Principal, Arup
over a four-year period from 2010. the potential economic benefits and how much electricity they National Broadband Network.
– Dr Richard Sharp, Principal, Arup * The full report can be downloaded
Backed by AU$100m in Federal from the mix of smart-grid devices, consumed. This led to a smoothing of The Arup-led analysis of data from the Information Clearing House.
Technologies and applications trialled
Government funding as part of its customer-feedback technologies and consumption over the daily cycle and gathered in the Smart Grid, Smart
in Smart Grid, Smart City included: Read the online version.
dynamic electricity tariffs trialed in reduced call on the grid at peak times. City trial is captured in the National
Image: © iStockphoto.com
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