How local policies can shape biomass production and bio-based industries in future cities - Novel Farm
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how local policies can shape biomass production and bio-based industries in future cities Pordenone, 13-14 Feb. 2019 Ir. Tsurukawa Nicolas Fig.1 potential agricultural land in Brussels city – 2016 (source: IBGE 2013, SPF Finance 2015, Terre en Vue 2016) PhD. candidate
Brussels (Region)
Created in 1970
1.2 million inhabitants
161.4 km²
17 types of land use
19 districts (communes)
Manufacturing jobs decline (3%)
Tsurukawa Feb. 2019
Sources:
Grain de paysan (2017)
Nos Pilifs (2017)
ASBL Tournesol (2017)
Tsurukawa Feb. 2019
Sources:
Permafunghi 2018
BIGH 2018
Urban Crop Solutions 2018
Tsurukawa Feb. 2019
Source: BacUp 2016
Tsurukawa Feb. 2019
2013 Turnover in the food sector (M. EUR)
Primary production 5
The potential of bio-based industries (I)
Processing 948
wholesale 6598
Urban farming (direct jobs)
Retail 2973
• Rooftop
Catering 2078
• Marginal land
independent shops 628
markets 40
+ indoor farming
farm-to-fork baskets 5
Source: Henrion 2015
+ walls
usable Urban farming (indirect jobs)
surface FTE/ha potential jobs
market 694 - 2776 • Food processing
gardening 694 ha 1 - 4 /ha FTE • catering
Rooftop • Educational
gardening 194 ha 1 - 4 /ha 194 -776 FTE • Waste management
aquaponics 26 ha 20/ha 520 FTE
Source: Bruxelles Environnement 2012
Tsurukawa Feb. 2019
The potential of bio-based industries (II)
Non-food
• Cosmetic
• Pharmaceuticals
• Construction
• Textile
• wickerwork
• Fuel
• Etc.
Source: Pittsburg declaration on bamboo as construction material 2016
Aloe vera for cosmetic use (source: quality aquaponics, 2019) Lipase-inhibited algae fuel (Cambridge U. 2019) Tsurukawa Feb. 2019
Brussels Region : Regulatory layers
Règlements Communaux d’Urbanisme (RCU)
1979: Plan de Secteur
1995: Plan Régional d’Affectation du Sol (PRAS)
1995: Plan régional de développement (PRD)
2001: Révision du Plan Régional d’Affectation du Sol (PRASd)
2004: Code d’Aménagement du Territoire (CoBat)
2004: Plan Particulier d’Aménagement du Sol (PPAS)
2013: zone d’entreprises en milieu urbain (ZEMU)
2013: Code Bruxellois de l’Air, Climat et Energie (CoBrACE)
2017 Révision du CoBat ; création Plan d’Aménagement Directeur (PAD)
2018 Plan Régional de Développement Durable (PRDD)
2018 Règlement Régional d’Urbanisme (RRU)
+ national level: Food safety; animal welfare; Social security and employment ; fire safety ; real estate law
Tsurukawa Feb. 2019
Challenges for the development of urban
farming and bio-based industries
FarmFlex container farm (source: Urban Crop Solutions 2017)) Fruits and vegetable vending machine in Borre, France (source: la voix du Nord)
Tsurukawa Feb. 2019
Challenges for the development of urban
farming and bio-based industries
Rooftop beehive (source: Berks and Shuyllkill beehive, USA) Collapsed green rooftop at Hong Kong City University
(source: South China Morning Post 2016)
Tsurukawa Feb. 2019Challenges for the development of urban
farming and bio-based industries
Urban farm in Brussels (source: Vert d’Iris 2016) Periurban orchard, Belgium (source: Transformers ASBL 2018)
Tsurukawa Feb. 2019Challenges for the development of urban
farming and bio-based industries
Organic plant pigment extraction (picture: Lutea 2018) Organic pesticide (source: Agriculture and Technology 2019)
Tsurukawa Feb. 2019Challenges for the development of urban
farming and bio-based industries
Zika vector mosquito prevention campaign, Hong Kong (picture: Tsurukawa 2017) Rodent proliferation in Paris (source: youtube 2016)
Tsurukawa Feb. 2019Regional minister Regional Public tender Solutions
cabinet minister
Technical
Expert panel 1°) INTERPRET
Competent
Industry Legal Expert
administrations
federation panel
Other involved 2°) ADAPT
Civil society administrations
3°) ADOPT
unions
Submission to
representative
assembly
Election
Or Special
Coalition change debate
commission
amendment
vote
adoption
Tsurukawa Feb. 2019Tsurukawa Feb. 2019
Example of proposals to change local regulations in Brussels Region
INTERPRET
Productive activities [are defined as] artisanal, high tech or industrial activities, including the production of material and
immaterial goods, and urban farming activities.*
ADAPT
the plots and gardens within a building block may be farmed, and equipments and accessory buildings strictly necessary
for such activity may be installed *
The surface of the [rooftop greenhouses] mustn’t exceed 9m² and their height may not exceed 3m (…) The addition of
such greenhouses will only be tolerated if they fit harmoniously with the surroundings.
10% of the surface of the green area may be cultivated for market gardening, except for green area with high biodiversity
value and cemetaries (…)
ADOPT
Right of first refusal on agricultural land for the Brussels region to purchase or lease agricultural land and dedicate it to a
local food production project.
*The full study and accurate text (in French) can be downloaded here:
https://www.goodfood.brussels/fr/contributions/etude-urbanistique-et-juridique-pour-le-developpement-de-lagriculture-urbaine-en
Tsurukawa Feb. 2019Solutions
• ANTICIPATE
• INVOLVE
280 – 420 US$ / ton
(source: FAO – World Fertilizer Outlook 2015)
34 tons / day in Brussels
(source: own estimate, 2019)
Tsurukawa Feb. 2019Solutions
• ANTICIPATE
• INVOLVE
Sources: « Quartier de la Baraque », Louvain la Neuve (2017) ; Regen Village NV (2019)
Tsurukawa Feb. 2019Solutions
• ANTICIPATE
• INVOLVE
Galleria melonella (source: Current Biology)
Ideonella sakaiensis (source: Science 2016) Tsurukawa Feb. 2019The space is th
Make it availab
Grazie per l’attenzione
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