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INDUSTRY OVERVIEW - HKEX :: HKEXnews
THIS DOCUMENT IS IN DRAFT FORM. The information contained in it is incomplete and is subject
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                                 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

       The information that appears in this section has been prepared by Euromonitor and
 reflects estimates of market conditions based on publicly available sources and trade opinion
 surveys, and is prepared primarily as a market research tool. References to Euromonitor should
 not be considered as the opinion of Euromonitor as to the value of any security or the
 advisability of investing in the Company. Our Directors believe that the sources of information
 contained in this section are appropriate sources for such information and have taken
 reasonable care in reproducing such information and we have no reason to believe that such
 information is false or misleading or that any material fact has been omitted that would render
 such information false or misleading. The information prepared by Euromonitor and set out in
 this section has not been independently verified by our Group, the Sole Sponsor, the
 [REDACTED], the [REDACTED] or any other party involved in the [REDACTED] and
 neither they nor Euromonitor give any representations as to its accuracy and the information
 should not be relied upon in making, or refraining from making, any investment decision.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

     We commissioned a report from Euromonitor to conduct an analysis of, and to report on, the
construction industry in Singapore. A total fee of US$110,500 was paid to Euromonitor for the
preparation of the Euromonitor Report. Established in 1972, Euromonitor is the world leader in
strategy research for both consumer and industrial markets. The Euromonitor Report has been
compiled after thorough and diligent research conducted by Euromonitor’s Singapore office. The
market research process was undertaken through a top-down central research and bottom up
intelligence to present a comprehensive and accurate picture of the construction industry in
Singapore. Euromonitor’s detailed primary research involved: (i). secondary research which
involved the review of published sources from government and regulatory statistics and
independent research reports; (ii). primary research which involved interviews with a sample of
leading industry participants and industry experts for latest data and insights on future trends and
to verify and cross check the consistency of data and research estimates; (iii). projected data were
obtained from historical data analysis plotted against macroeconomic data with reference to
specific industry-related drivers; and (iv). review and cross-checks of all sources and independent
analysis to build all final estimates including the size, shape, drivers and future trends of the
Singapore market and prepare the final report.

     With both primary and secondary research in place, Euromonitor has utilised both types of
sources to validate all data and information collected, with no reliance on any single source.
Furthermore, a test of each respondent’s information and views against those of others is applied
to ensure reliability and eliminate bias from these sources.

                                               – 76 –
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                                 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

FORECASTING BASES AND ASSUMPTIONS

     Euromonitor prepared the Euromonitor Report based on the following assumptions: (i). the
Singapore economy is expected to maintain steady growth over the forecast period (2020-2024);
(ii). the Singapore social, economic, and political environment is expected to remain stable in the
forecast period; (iii). there will be no external shock (aside from COVID-19), such as financial
crisis or raw material shortage that affects the demand and supply of construction works in
Singapore during the forecast period; (iv). key market drivers such as the government’s continued
regard towards public infrastructure development, policies in relation to housing, workplace skill
development and measures to increase construction productivity growth are expected to boost the
development of the Singapore construction market; and (v). key drivers including Singapore’s
rising GDP growth and the adoption of more advanced construction technology by contractors are
likely to drive the future growth of the Singapore’s construction market.

     The research results may be affected by the accuracy of these assumptions and the choice of
these parameters. The market research was completed in August 2020 and all statistics in the
Euromonitor Report are based on information available at the time of reporting. Euromonitor’s
forecast data comes from analysis of historic development of the market, the economic
environment and underlying market drivers, and is cross-checked against established industry
data and trade interviews with industry experts.

1.   MACRO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT IN SINGAPORE

     Singapore enters a phase of slower growth due to restructuring of the economy

             Singapore’s economy registered a CAGR of 5.0% for nominal GDP over the review
     period (2014-2019). Since 2011, the Singapore economy has entered a phase of slower
     growth as the economy transitioning from manpower-driven growth to productivity-driven
     growth. Real GDP growth slowed in 2015 and 2016, due to the weaker global economy and
     a protracted slump in oil prices, which affected the domestic oil and gas industry. However,
     the economy showed an improvement in 2017 with real GDP growth reaching 3.9%, riding
     on the recovery in the global economy and the increase in trade activities. During 2014-
     2019, GDP (as contributed by the construction industry) declined at a CAGR of 1.6% to
     account for 3.5% of the total nominal GDP in 2019. The drawn-out trade war between the
     US and China has had a negative impact on Singapore’s export-oriented economy since
     2019. Real GDP expanded by 0.7% in 2019, which is the country’s slowest growth since
     2009.

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                                         INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

           Table 1 Macro-economic environment in Singapore (historical)

                                                         2014       2015        2016       2017     2018       2019

           GDP (Nominal)                 S$ billion     396.9       421.0       437.3      464.9   503.4       507.6
           GDP (as contributed by
            the construction industry)    S$ billion     19.3        20.5        19.8       17.0    17.0        17.8

           Source: National statistics published by the Department of Statistics of the Government of Singapore and
                       the Ministry of Trade and Industry of the Government of Singapore

2.   OVERVIEW OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN SINGAPORE

     Classification of construction activities in Singapore

           Construction activities in Singapore can be divided into general building works and
     civil engineering works. General building works include general construction and major
     repair works, as well as other construction works to facilitate or support the construction of
     all types of buildings. Civil engineering works typically relate to infrastructure projects,
     including construction of the MRT network, airports, roads and bridges. Construction
     activities can also be classified as public sector or private sector construction projects.
     Public sector projects are construction activities undertaken by the government or public-
     sector agencies, while private sector projects are construction works commissioned by
     private entities.

     High level of subcontracting activities behind tenders awarded to main contractors

           Subcontracting is a prevalent practice in the construction industry, whereby main
     contractors or developers would bid for projects, and then subcontract different parts of the
     construction project to several specialised subcontractors. For large projects, multi-layered
     subcontracting is common, with subcontractors further contracting out work to smaller
     contractors. There are many subcontractors in the industry, which specialise in different
     parts of the construction value chain. As a result, the values of tenders won by main
     contractors do not give a complete picture of the work subsequently awarded to
     subcontractors.

     Public sector outperforms private sector in the review period

           Demand for public sector construction works rose, mainly from industrial building
     works and civil engineering works, and provided support for the overall industry growth.
     Therefore, growth in the construction industry was largely driven by public sector projects
     over the review period. Total contracts awarded to public sector construction projects
     accounted for 56.8% of all construction contracts in 2019, up from 49.6% in 2014.

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                                   INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

          Table 2 Performance of construction industry in Singapore, historical

          Source: The BCA as of 8 January 2020

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                                INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

     Healthy construction project pipeline for both private and public sector demand in the
     future despite COVID-19

          The construction industry is expected to resume robust growth from 2021 onwards,
     supported by the recovery of domestic demand and a strong pipeline of projects in the
     forecast period. According to the Euromonitor Report, construction demand is forecasted to
     hold steady in 2020, with an estimated value that falls between S$28 billion and S$33
     billion, compared to S$33.4 billion in 2019. Demand is expected to strengthen beyond 2020,
     and could increase to between S$27 billion and S$34 billion per year during 2021-2022, and
     between S$28 billion and S$35 billion per year during 2023-2024. However, due to COVID-
     19, total contracts awarded and certified payments are expected to be delayed in 2020.

           Public sector construction demand over the medium-term will be supported by public
     residential projects, the redevelopment of older buildings in strategic areas, such as the
     Central Business District, and major infrastructure projects, which include developments at
     Jurong Lake District and Changi Airport Terminal 5, and MRT projects such as the
     Thomson-East Coast Line, Cross Island Line and Jurong Regional Line. Between 2020 to
     2024, certified payments for public sector is expected to register a CAGR of 22.5%,
     growing from S$9.5 billion in 2020 to S$21.3 billion in 2024.

          The private construction sector is also expected to gradually increase in the medium-
     term despite the industry contraction in 2020, boosted by further growth in the other
     economic sectors. Projects that are expected to contribute to construction demand from 2020
     onwards include redevelopment of en-bloc sale sites, recreational developments at Mandai
     Park, Changi Airport new taxiway and berth facilities at Jurong Port, the expansion of the
     two Integrated Resorts at Marina Bay Sands, Resort World Sentosa and Tanjong Pagar
     Terminal. Between 2021 and 2024, private sector construction demand is expected to
     recover from the plunge in 2020, in line with the recovery of the general economy. Between
     2020 to 2024, certified payments for private sector is expected to register a CAGR of
     11.3%, growing from S$8.1 billion in 2020 to S$12.3 billion in 2024.

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                                     INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

           Table 3 Performance of construction industry in Singapore, forecast

           Source: Forecast estimated based on the construction demand forecast range released by the BCA in January
                  2020

     2.1   Overview of civil engineering industry

           Civil engineering industry benefits from Singapore’s infrastructure development

                 In transport infrastructure, Singapore is well known for its airport, ports, road
           and MRT network. Singapore was ranked first globally by the World Economic
           Forum’s Global Competitiveness Index for 2019 for the robustness of its transport
           infrastructure. The civil engineering industry of Singapore’s construction industry is
           instrumental in delivering Singapore’s infrastructure, and has enjoyed strong growth in
           the last few decades thanks to an infrastructure development boom. Civil engineering
           certified payments registered a CAGR of 2.7% from 2014 to 2019, supported by a
           strong pipeline of transport infrastructure projects, including various Thomson-East
           Coast MRT Line contracts.

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                                 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

           Civil engineering contracts registered large swings

                The value of civil engineering construction contracts awarded experienced large
           swings in the review period, as the timing of infrastructure projects tend to fluctuate.
           By July 2014, the LTA had awarded 25 major civil engineering contracts for the
           Thomson-East Coast MRT Line at a total contract sum of approximately S$9.9 billion.
           However, civil engineering contracts awarded in 2015 fell by 44.7% year-on-year to
           S$5.5 billion, due to the rescheduling of major public infrastructure projects from the
           fourth quarter of 2015 to early 2016. Consequently, civil engineering contracts
           awarded surged by 64.0% in 2016, with the award of more major infrastructure
           contracts for the Thomson-East Coast MRT Line and the construction of LTA’s 4-in-1
           rail and bus depot, known as the East Coast Integrated Depot. Civil engineering
           certified payments growth is expected to pick up pace in the forecast period; however,
           it is expected to register a sharp decline in 2020 due to disruptions related to COVID-
           19. When activities return to normal, it is anticipated that the government will step up
           investments in major infrastructure projects to drive Singapore’s economic recovery.
           Public sector infrastructure projects are typically carried out over a period of four to
           eight years, and they are expected to create sustained demand for civil engineering
           works. According to the estimation of Euromonitor, the civil engineering certified
           payments is expected to grow by a CAGR of 15.1% from S$5.7 billion in 2020 to
           S$10.0 billion in 2024.

     2.2   Overview of general building works industry

           General building works’ contribution to construction industry declines

                General building works forms an important part of the construction industry in
           Singapore and contributed to 73.1% of total contracts awarded for the construction
           industry in 2019. However, the value share of general building works in the
           construction industry, has witnessed a decline in the review period falling from 79.8%
           in 2015 to 73.1% in 2019. Between 2014 and 2019, the value of general building
           works contracts declined at a CAGR of 3.2% due to the slowdown in the Singapore
           economy and the rollout of major infrastructure projects which has boosted the
           importance of civil engineering. According to the estimation of Euromonitor, the
           certified payments of general building works is expected to grow at a CAGR of 18.9%
           from S$11.9 billion in 2020 to S$23.7 billion in 2024. The outlook for the general
           building works beyond 2020 is positive, considering a steady pipeline of new public
           housing construction, upgrading works for HDB flats, and several upcoming sizeable
           condominium projects. Moreover, major commercial office building projects, industrial
           projects such as the Integrated Waste Management Facility, and institutional projects
           such as healthcare facilities and educational facilities for Institutes of Higher Learning
           (IHL) are expected.

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                                 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

3    DRIVERS AND CONSTRAINTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN
     SINGAPORE

     Development of transport infrastructure such as MRT drives civil engineering demand

         The civil engineering sector has been driven by the Singapore’s government
     commitment to developing the public transport system. Major projects awarded in the
     review period include the construction of Thomson-East Coast MRT Line, Changi Airport’s
     3-runway system (package 2), and improvement works to the Kranji Expressway and Pan-
     Island Expressway. Under the government’s plans to extend the coverage of the MRT
     network, construction of the Thomson-East Coast Line, Circle Line 6 and North East Line
     extension was started in the review period. In addition, the government has begun planning
     for two more new rail lines – the Cross-Island Line and the Jurong Region Line.

     Notable public sector projects provide support for general building works

          One key growth driver for the general building industry is the number of notable
     projects in both public and private sectors. Demand for general building works is closely
     related to the national economic development. Demand comes from multiple economic
     sectors including real estate, healthcare facilities, industrial facilities, commercial space and
     office space. Notable projects in the review period include public housing construction and
     HDB upgrading works, healthcare facilities and industrial projects such as the National
     Cancer Centre at Outram and the fourth Desalination Plant at Marina East.

     Productivity enhancement measures help companies become more productive and take
     on more complex projects

        Under the Construction Industry Transformation Map launched in October 2017, the
     BCA aims to more than double the number of personnel trained in technologies and
     innovation. It also plans to make jobs in the sector more highly skilled and attractive to
     Singaporeans. Through this framework, the BCA targets to train 35,000 skilled workers in
     design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA), 20,000 personnel in integrated digital
     delivery (IDD), and 25,000 in green buildings by 2025.

            The BCA also encourages the construction industry to adopt automation and
     technology. Under a research and development roadmap released in October 2016, BCA
     identified 35 technologies, including robotics, DFMA and 3D printing, to help contractors
     change the way they construct buildings and sustain productivity improvements in the long
     run.

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     Competition for projects push down tender prices

          Most projects in the civil engineering sector are public sector works. Players bid for
     projects via government tenders, and cost competitiveness is one of the key evaluation
     criteria. As a result, players compete to put in the lowest bids possible, which have
     contributed to the falling profit margin in the industry. The challenge becomes exacerbated
     for smaller players by rising labour prices, making projects even less profitable.

          The BCA Building Works Tender Price Index (TPI) provides an indication of
     historical movement of tender prices in the construction industry. The TPI reflects changes
     in material costs, labour costs and the competition in the market, the risk and profit as these
     are factored into contractors’ bids. Since 2015, the TPI has been on a downward trend. This
     can be attributed to pressure on bid price for contracts due to growing competition among
     construction companies, a slowdown in available building works contracts and a reduction
     in private sector building demand.

          Table 4 Changes in the BCA’s Tender Price Index (TPI)

          Base Year = 2010                    2014      2015      2016      2017      2018      2019

          BCA’s Tender Price Index            106.8     104.8      98.0      96.7     98.6      99.9

          Source: The BCA

     Rising costs and longer payment period presents cashflow problems for smaller players

          Singapore imports almost all its construction materials, consisting predominantly of
     ready mixed concrete, steel bars, granite, concreting sand and cement. As a result, industry
     players are susceptible to the fluctuations in the price of raw materials, caused by external
     factors that determine pricing and supply of the raw materials. With high operating costs
     and a highly competitive landscape, construction companies have been faced with the
     challenge of falling profit margins. The impact is felt more by smaller players, as they tend
     to take up smaller jobs, and hence lack the economy of scale to absorb rising costs.

          The problem of tight cash flow for smaller contractors has deteriorated in 2017 due to
     payment period getting longer. Singapore Commercial Credit Bureau reported that in 2017
     construction is the only sector that registered a year-on-year rise in the number of slow
     payments. A major reason for the increase in late payments is due to over supply in
     contractors and a lower number of jobs, resulting to lower tender prices in 2017. When a
     main contractor accepts low price projects, they tend to prolong their payments to their
     subcontractors.

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                                  INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

           However, payment behaviours appear to have improved in recent years, along with
     improved prospects in the construction industry. According to the Euromonitor Report, the
     construction industry saw significant improvements in debt settlement in the second quarter
     of 2019 (Q2 2019) compared with the last quarter of 2018 (Q4 2018), due to a healthy
     pipeline of activities within the construction industry. Only 16% of construction companies
     were more than 90 days delinquent in their debt payments in Q2 2019, versus 35% in Q4
     2018. The settlement timeline for construction also decreased to 39 days in Q2 2019, down
     20 days from 59 days in Q4 2018.

           Despite the rebound in debt settlements, the Singapore Council Credit Bureau has
     raised concerns over the slower payment of bills among Singapore companies, which
     included the construction industry, largely due to the US-China Trade War tensions. In the
     fourth quarter of 2019, these industries and sectors all saw an increase of slower payments
     with construction sector increased by 2.5%, from 46.9% in third quarter of 2019 to 49.4% of
     construction companies paying less than 50% of the total bills within the agreed terms.

     COVID-19 increases operational challenges for companies

          Since the circuit breaker measures were lifted on 2 June 2020, construction companies
     have adapted their operations to comply with the BCA’s COVID-safe restart requirements.
     Examples include contact tracing at work sites, testing of workers for COVID-19 before
     heading back to site, installation of artificial intelligence on the lorries, which will trigger an
     alarm if workers come too close to one another, staggering the working hours for
     employees, segregating workers into different zones at work sites, and ensuring workers
     comply with measures such as wearing face masks on work sites. These measures are likely
     to incur higher operations costs for contractors, but the costs are alleviated by the funding
     support offered through government’s Construction Support Package.

     3.1   Value chain & costs

           Raw material costs fluctuate with the global economy

                 The main costs of operating a construction company in Singapore include the
           costs of raw materials, machinery and equipment rental, logistics, manpower and safety
           costs. While the main cost categories are applicable to both general building works
           contractors and civil engineering contractors, the detailed costs may differ among the
           two depending on the complexity and requirements of the projects.

               As Singapore market depends heavily on imports of these materials, the price
           movements of construction materials are driven by global demand and supply which
           contractors in Singapore have little influence on. When there is a high level of
           construction activities, demand for construction materials would rise and push up
           prices.

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          Table 5      Changes in Market Prices of Major Construction Materials in Singapore

                                Unit             2014      2015          2016           2017       2018    2019    CAGR

          Cement in bulk        S$/Tonne          97.9      93.0          83.0           75.9      78.8     84.6   –2.9%
           (Ordinary Portland
           Cement)
          Steel Bars (16-32 mm S$/Tonne          653.9     501.4         500.5          688.8     751.0    713.9    1.8%
           High Tensile)
          Granite (20 mm        S$/Tonne          22.5      19.7          15.4           16.1      17.4     19.2   –3.1%
           Aggregate)
          Concreting Sand       S$/Tonne          23.3      22.7          18,3           17.1      21.1     28.4    4.0%
          Ready Mixed           S$/Cubic Metre   111.2      99.5          85.0           81.4      87.1     95.9   –2.9%
           Concrete

          Source: The BCA

          Construction labour costs continues to climb due to tight labour market

                 Singapore’s construction industry relies on a large foreign workforce. According
          to the MOM, Singapore had about 293,300 Work Permit holders in the construction
          industry as of December 2019. The construction labour market has tightened in recent
          years, as part of the government’s efforts to reshape the sector’s workforce to push for
          greater productivity. However, a recent speech by Deputy Prime Minister Heng Swee
          Keat in May 2020 suggested that the government recognises that there is a limit to
          how far Singapore can go in reducing the need for manual work. It is likely that the
          number of foreign construction workers will rise in the forecast period as the
          government rolls out large-scale infrastructure projects to boost the economy.

          Table 6 Total wage (excluding employer CPF) changes for the construction
                       industry in Singapore (YOY%)

          In %                                     2014        2015              2016           2017      2018      2019

          Total wage (excluding employer CPF)
             changes for the construction
             industry in Singapore                  3.8            3.1            2.1            2.0       2.8       2.6

          Source: Survey on Annual Wage Changes, Manpower Research and Statistics Department, MOM

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          Cost of leasing or buying construction machinery (one of the major operating
          costs of the contractors)

                Due to the specialised nature of construction works, special machinery is
          sometimes required. The costs of leasing or buying construction machinery is one of
          the major costs for construction companies. Contractors commonly lease construction
          machinery, as and when required by their projects, as the costs of buying machinery
          and maintaining them is typically more expensive than the costs of leasing. Moreover,
          smaller contractors are also constrained by the lack of storage space for bulky
          machinery. According to the Euromonitor Report, both purchase costs and rental/lease
          costs of construction machinery have been on the rise over the years due to inflation
          and the increasing complexity of building design requiring more advanced machinery
          and equipment. Other contributing factors include projects with tight timelines and
          limited construction machinery providers. Due to the costs of storage space, the
          number of machinery providers remains relatively stagnant. Coupled with increasing
          demand for the machinery, machinery costs are expected to continue rising, creating an
          opportunity alternate revenue streams for machinery owners.

          Higher construction costs due to COVID-19

                During the COVID-19 period, the construction industry has experienced a
          shortage of materials and manpower. Import of construction materials from main
          supply countries like Malaysia and China was disrupted by movement control and
          lockdown measures. Construction companies may have to source raw materials from
          suppliers who may charge higher prices due to COVID-19 interruptions. In terms of
          manpower costs, the number of foreign workers available for work has reduced as
          travel restrictions prevented foreign workers from coming back to Singapore. In
          addition, the measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 transmission in the
          construction industry are expected to increase operational costs for contractors.

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     3.2   Competitive landscape

           Fragmented construction industry saw healthy growth in number of company
           formations until 2014

                The formation of business entities in construction industry fell steadily every
           year between 2014 and 2018, and the number appears to have stabilised in 2019. The
           more challenging operating environment since 2015 due to the property market
           downturn and delay of MRT projects led to less work being available and as a result it
           is less attractive for potential new entrants to enter the industry. At the same time,
           there has been an increase in the cessation of business entities in construction industry
           in 2015 and 2016. As compared to 2,429 business entities in 2014, only 2,347
           business entities ceased operations in the industry in 2019. This corresponds with
           improving outlook for the industry and the economy. As of August 2020, 958
           companies were registered under the ‘‘Civil Engineering’’ category of BCA’s
           Contractor Registration system with less than 10% of which graded A2 or above.

           Lack of track record and shortage of local talent are key barriers to entry

                In general, there are few hurdles for new players to enter the civil engineering
           industry as a subcontractor, as there are no significant capital investment requirements
           for subcontractors just starting out. Due to the diverse nature of works in the
           construction industry and the widespread practice of subcontracting, subcontractors can
           get work from main contractors, even if the subcontractors themselves do not satisfy
           the registration criteria for BCA Contractor Registration System. In practice, new
           entrants may face barriers in terms of a lack of track record and difficulty in securing
           contracts, as the construction industry still relies to a large extent on reputation and
           reliability.

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          Ranking of leading main contractors for civil engineering works in Singapore

          Table 7        Ranking of leading main contractors for civil engineering works in
                         Singapore based on revenue receipts, 2019

                                          Revenue
                                        Receipts in     Market
                  Rank   Company              2019       Share     Listed or private    Nature of business/enterprise
                                       (S$ million)        (%)

                  1      Company A           177.4        2.2%     Private              General Building, Civil Engineering, Air-
                                                                                           Conditioning, Refrigeration & Ventilation
                                                                                           Works, Building Automation, Industrial &
                                                                                           Process Control Systems, Communication &
                                                                                           Security Systems, Electrical Engineering,

                  2      Company B           177.0        2.2%     Listed in Korea      General Building, Civil Engineering, Curtain
                                                                       Stock Exchange      Walls, Air-Conditioning, Refrigeration &
                                                                                           Ventilation Works, Building Automation,
                                                                                           Industrial & Process Control Systems,
                                                                                           Electrical Engineering, Fire Prevention &
                                                                                           Protection Systems, Mechanical Engineering,
                                                                                           Integrated Building Services

                  3      Company C           157.6        1.9%     Private              Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering

                  4      Company D           150.2        1.9%     Listed in Tokyo      General Building, Civil Engineering, Piling
                                                                       Stock Exchange      Works

                  5      Company E           142.9        1.8%     Private              Building Automation, Industrial and Process
                                                                                            Control Systems, Solar PV System
                                                                                            Integration, Electrical Engineering,
                                                                                            Mechanical Engineering, Electrical
                                                                                            Equipment, Mechanical Equipment, Plant &
                                                                                            Machinery

                         Others             7,294.0      90.0%

                                            8,099.2      100%

                  Source: Euromonitor estimates based on information published by BCA and information gathered
                            from desk research and trade interviews with leading construction companies in Singapore

                  Note: audited data if available is usually not industry specific and includes other products/services.
                         Industry ranking is therefore estimated on publicly available data and the trade opinion survey
                         (not just the companies themselves). When ranking and shares are being disclosed, the Client’s
                         entity name and its corresponding market share will be revealed concurrently, for other leading
                         players, if their market shares are to be revealed, their entity name will then be disclosed on an
                         anonymous basis.

                  Based on Euromonitor’s market estimates, the revenue of the Company (including
          revenues as either main-contractor or sub-contractor) had market share equivalent to
          approximately 1.7% of revenue receipts for civil engineering works in Singapore in
          2019.

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THIS DOCUMENT IS IN DRAFT FORM. The information contained in it is incomplete and is subject
to change. This Document must be read in conjunction with the section headed ‘‘Warning’’ on the
cover of this Document.

                                 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

     3.3   Outlook for infrastructure development in the region

                Civil engineering construction companies in Singapore can potentially play a key
           role for infrastructure development across Asia. This will be supported by the setting
           up of a new Infrastructure Office by the government under the 2018 Budget. The
           Infrastructure Office intends to bring together local and international players from
           across the entire value chain (including developers, institutional investors, management
           and professional services providers) to develop, finance and execute infrastructure
           projects. The initiative is expected to provide opportunities and a platform for
           Singapore players to play an active role in the region’s infrastructure development.

           Future projects in Singapore

                The LTA has plans to double the length of the MRT network from 178km in
           2013 to 360km in 2030 by building two completely new MRT lines (the Cross Island
           Line and Jurong Regional Line) and lengthening existing lines (e.g. Circle Line Stage
           6 and the North East Line extension). By 2030, eight in ten Singapore households will
           be within a 10-minute walk of a train station. Below are highlights of the future MRT
           projects:

                •      The Cross-Island Line was announced in 2013 and is targeted to be
                       completed by 2030. It is in planning stages including an engineering
                       feasibility study and an Environmental Impact Assessment for the alignment
                       around the Central Catchment Nature Reserve.

                •      Jurong Region Line is scheduled to be fully completed in 2028, adding 24
                       stations to the existing rail network. The line is expected to become
                       available to commuters in three stages from 2026 onwards.

                •      Circle Line Stage 6 (CCL6) will close the loop for the Circle Line by
                       connecting Harbour Front Station to Marina Bay Station. As of November
                       2017, LTA has awarded a total of approximately S$2.3 billion worth of
                       contracts for the civil construction of Keppel, Cantonment and Prince
                       Edward Stations, associated tunnels and Kim Chuan Depot extension for
                       CCL6. CCL6 is expected to be completed in 2025.

                •      Construction of tunnels to the future Punggol Coast station on the North
                       East Line extension is awarded in December 2017. Part of the S$ 79 million
                       contract will involve the construction of a pair of tunnels between Punggol
                       station and the new Punggol Coast station. Work on the tunnels is expected
                       to be completed by 2023. With the new station, there will be a total of 17
                       stops along the North East Line.

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THIS DOCUMENT IS IN DRAFT FORM. The information contained in it is incomplete and is subject
to change. This Document must be read in conjunction with the section headed ‘‘Warning’’ on the
cover of this Document.

                                INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

                •    Between 2015 and 2018, a total of SGD7.2 billion of contracts was
                     awarded by the LTA for works on the Downtown Line and the Thomson-
                     East Coast Line. These expansion plans are designed to extend the
                     Downtown Line from Expo to Sungei Bedok by 2024 and to open Hume
                     Station by 2025.

                •    A proposed new line has been revealed in the Land Transport Master Plan
                     2040. This new line will supplement the transport network in the north and
                     northeast regions to serve new and growing developments, as well as
                     existing towns which currently do not enjoy direct access to the rail
                     network. The corridor served by the new line could include areas such as
                     Woodlands, Sembawang, Sengkang, Serangoon North, Whampoa, Kallang
                     and the Greater Southern Waterfront.

               Other than MRT-related projects, the other notable upcoming project in
          Singapore include:

                •    Changi Airport Terminal 5, which is scheduled to start in 2020 and to be
                     completed around 2030. This terminal double Changi Airport size to cover
                     more than 2,000 hectares and bring an additional capacity of up to 50
                     million passengers a year – more than twice the size of any of the other
                     three main terminals. According to Strait Times article published in Oct
                     2018, the project is Singapore’s most ambitious attempt, since Changi
                     Airport opened on July 1, 1981, to cement Singapore’s status as a key
                     aviation hub for regional and global traffic.

                •    The Tuas Mega Port is a major milestone in Singapore’s next generation
                     container terminal development. In addition, there are plans to develop Tuas
                     Terminal into a maritime hub with storage facilities and commercial
                     amenities. The project includes four phases, targeted for completion in
                     2040. The mega port will commence its first phase of operations in 2021,
                     with two berths for ships.

                •    The Greater Southern Waterfront Plan, announced in 2013, will transform
                     Singapore’s southern waterfront, which extends from Pasir Panjang to
                     Marina East, into a new major gateway and location for urban living.
                     Development will take place in phases, starting with the former Pasir
                     Panjang Power District, Keppel Club and Mount Faber in the next 5 to 10
                     years. The plan will also entail moving port terminals to Tuas, with Pasir
                     Panjang Terminal slated to move by 2040 in order to free up prime land for
                     redevelopment.

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THIS DOCUMENT IS IN DRAFT FORM. The information contained in it is incomplete and is subject
to change. This Document must be read in conjunction with the section headed ‘‘Warning’’ on the
cover of this Document.

                               INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

                Among contracts that have been awarded by LTA in 2018 but have yet to start
          work, the most notable project is the construction of the North-South Corridor (NSC),
          a 21.5km expressway which will connect towns in the north to the city centre and
          features dedicated bus and cycling lanes. The full project is targeted to be completed
          in 2026. In December 2019, the LTA awarded the final batch of three contracts, worth
          a combined S$954.1 million for the NSC.

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