Nano and Photonics Mauterndorf 2019 - 20th - 22nd March 2019 Mauterndorf, Salzburg Austria - 8 th FemtoMat ...
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Nano and Photonics
Mauterndorf 2019
20th – 22nd March 2019
Mauterndorf, Salzburg
Austria
www.nanoandphotonics.at
NAWI
Graz
Table of Contents
Organizers��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4
Conference content������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5
Information and Registration����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6
Program and Time Table����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8
Oral Presentation Abstracts���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������12
Poster Abstracts���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������32
Notes��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������44
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Organizers
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Franz Aussenegg
Erwin Schrödinger Institut für Nanostrukturforschung
Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz
Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
(T) + 43 (0) 316 380 5186
(E) franz.aussenegg@uni-graz.at
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Knoll
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH
Donau-City-Str. 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria
(T) +43 (0) 50 550 0
(E) office@ait.ac.at
Prof. Dr. Emil J.W. List-Kratochvil
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Institut für Physik, Institut für Chemie & IRIS Adlershof
Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH
Brook-Taylor-Str. 6, 12489 Berlin, Germany
(T) +49 (0)30 2093 7697
(E) emil.list-kratochvil@hu-berlin.de
Unverkäufliches Exemplar,
hergestellt in der Druckerei der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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NAWI
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Conference Content
Scope of Nano and Photonics
The purpose of this conference is to organize an informal meeting for those who are interested in
photonic applications of modern nanotechnology.
One goal of this event is to create a European-wide discussion platform for state of the art work in
basic research done at the various universities as well as industrial-based research and development.
The location, Castle Mauterndorf, provides an ideal environment to discuss the entire range of topics
without any pressure of time, particulary between the morning and afternoon sessions as well as in
the evening.
Another goal is to give young students the possibility to present their work in the form of talks or poster
presentations. Therefore, the Nano and Photonics seminar continues with the long-standing tradition
of the Mauterndorf LASERSEMINARS.
Nanotechnology as a crossover technology enables application-based product and system innovations
in different industries and has obtained worldwide importance in driving the economy. Nanophotonics
is an area of nanotechnology of growing importance where breakthrough results in the development
of devices and material systems are reported on a day-to-day basis. The seminars are spanned acros
a wide range of topics from light emitting devices based on inorganic and organic semiconductors,
through theoretical aspects of photonics to photonic structures and structuring techniques.
5NAWI
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Information and Registration
Mauterndorf Mauterndorf is a small village about 100 km south of the city of
Salzburg close to a well known ski resort (1100 m above sea level).
The closest train station is Radstadt
(on the Track Bischofshofen – Graz).
Conference The sessions will take place in the festival room of the Castle
Location Mauterndorf.
Program The program will be in a way so that there will be enough free time
for you to have informal chats and time for all kinds of winter sports
(skiing, cross country skiing, hiking, etc.).
Accomodation There are several hotels, and bed and breakfast available for
you (about 5 to 10 minutes from the castle). Please book your
accomodation by yourself or via the local tourism agency:
Fremdenverkehrsverein Mauterndorf
5570 Mauterndorf, Lungau
Salzburger Land
(T) +43 (0) 64 72 79 49
(F) +43 (0) 64 72 79 49 - 27
(E) info@mauterndorf.at
(W) www.mauterndorf.at
Registration We would like to keep the costs for the organization as low as
possible so that all costs will be covered by subsidies and sponsors
and therefore we can refrain from charging fees for participants. For
this reason, we ask all potential participants for a binding registration
on the homepage (www.nanoandphotonics.at). If a participant would
like to present a poster, he or she needs to submit an English
abstract on the homepage after the registration process. Before the
poster session, the poster will be presented in front of the plenum by
the authors or presenters (1 slide and 1 min).
6NAWI
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Program and Time Table
7NAWI
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Program and Time Line
Wednesday, 20. 3. 2019 – Afternoon
13:30 – 14:00 Registration
14:00 –14:30 Opening by F. Aussenegg, E. List-Kratochvil and greetings
by Mayor of Mauterndorf Herbert Eßl
14:30 – 15:00 B. Hecht (Universität Würzburg, Würzburg/GER)
“Strong Plasmon-Matter Coupling, Nano-Spin Optics, Electro
Plasmonics: A Review of Recent Developments”
15:00 – 15:30 A. Pogany (Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie,
Wien/AUT)
“Austrian Research Policy in Nanotechnology and Photonics”
15:30 – 16:00 Coffee
16:00 – 16:30 O. Hofmann (Technische Universität Graz, Graz/AUT)
“Polymorphism in the Nanoworld: A Computational Perspective”
16:30 – 17:00 R. Heer (AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Wien/AUT)
“Printing Electrochemical and Photonic Nano- and Biosensors
for Analyzing Liquid Biopsy”
17:00 – 17:30 M. J. Bojdys (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin/GER)
“Where Exactly Lies the “Goldilocks Zone” for the Ideal Polymer
Semiconductor?”
17:30 – 18:00 P. Dombi (Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest/HUN)
“Plasmon-Plasmon Coupling Probed with Sub-nm Sensitivity”
8NAWI
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Program and Time Line
Thursday, 21. 3. 2019 – Morning
09:00 – 09:30 J. Krenn (Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz/AUT)
“Probing Radiative and Dark Plasmons with Electrons ”
09:30 – 10:00 J. Dostalek (AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Wien/AUT)
“Plasmonic Amplification of Optical Spectroscopy Signals for
Ultrasensitive Biosensing”
10:00 – 10:30 W. Fritzsche (Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena/GER)
“Sensing and Manipulating Molecules Using Plasmonic
Nanoparticles”
10:30 – 11:00 Coffee
11:00 – 11:30 T. A. Klar (Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz/AUT)
“From Plasmonic Horizons and Plasmon Voltammetry”
11:30 – 12:00 A. Schwaighofer (Technische Universität Wien, Wien/AUT)
“Beyond FT-IR Spectroscopy: Latest Advancements in Laser-
Based Mid-IR Spectroscopy for Analysis of Proteins”
Thursday, 21. 3. 2019 – Afternoon
15:30 – 17:30 Poster presentations and poster session
17:30 – 18:00 G. Schitter (Technische Universität Wien, Wien/AUT)
“Extending Nano-Mechanical and Electrical Measurement
Modes in AFM”
18:00 – 18:30 P. Mesquida (King’s College London, London/UK)
“Sugar Exposure Alters the Surface Charge of Collagen Fibrils
on the Nanometre Scale”
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Program and Time Line
Friday, 22. 3. 2019 – Morning
09:00 – 09:30 T. Dimopoulos (AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Wien/AUT)
“Vacuum- and Solution-Processed Transparent Electrodes for
Flexible Solar Cells”
09:30 – 10:00 F. Hermerschmidt (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin/GER)
“Printed Organic Electronics – From Printed Copper to
Perovskite Light Emitting Devices ”
10:00 – 10:30 F. Mathies (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin/GER)
“Utilizing Inkjet Printing for Organic/Inorganic Metal
HalidePerovskite Optoelectronic Devices”
10:30 – 11:00 Coffee
11:00 – 11:30 D. Nees (Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Weiz/AUT)
“Roll-to-Roll UV Nanoimprint Lithography for Large Area
Manufacturing of Bionic Surfaces”
11:30 – 12:00 S. Kawata (Osaka University and RIKEN, Osaka/ JPN)
“Plasmonics for Molecular Nano-Raman Imaging Beyond the Limits”
12:00 – 12:30 Z. Sekkat (University Mohammed V, Rabat/MAR)
“Light-Fueled Molecular Machines Move Matter”
12:30 – 12:45 Closing remarks by W. Knoll
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Oral Presentation Abstracts
11NAWI
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Oral Presentation Abstracts
Strong Plasmon-Matter Coupling, Nano-Spin Optics,
Electro Plasmonics. A Review of Recent Developments
B. Hecht
Universität Würzburg, Würzburg/GER
We are fabricating highly reproducible, is able to sort photons according to
detailed and precise plasmonic their spin. Its working principle bears
nanostructures from large but ultrathin some similarities to an electronic spin
monocrystalline gold platelets. I will transistor [2]. In electro plasmonics
review some recent experiments in we demonstrate pretty efficient light
which the enhanced structure quality generation in a planar plasmonic
plays a crucial role. In strong plasmon- antenna by utilizing inelastic electron
matter coupling we exploit the ultrasmall tunneling over the antenna gap. It is
mode volume of a plasmonic resonator now possible to direct the light emission
fabricated at the apex of a scanning by means of a Yagi-Uda design [3].
probe to achieve strong coupling
to single quantum dots at ambient
condition [1]. In nano-spin optics we [1] H. Groß et al., Science Adv. (2018) 4.
study a plasmonic nano device based [2] E. Krauss et al., arxiv:1812.03721 (2018).
on two-wire transmission lines that [3] M. Ochs et al., in preparation (2019) 12.
12NAWI
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Oral Presentation Abstracts
Austrian Research Policy in Nanotechnology and Photonics
A. Pogány
Federal Ministry for Transport Innovation and Technology, Wien/AUT
Photonics and nanotechnology can called “Production of the Future”
contribute to solve the major societal which includes Nanotechnology and
challenges of Europe with regard Photonics. Within this programm
to energy efficiency, the ageing R&D-projects between research and
society, safety and security as well Industry can be funded. Austria is
as the European knowledge society. also taking part in several ERA-Nets
These technologies are Key enabling in photonics and nanotechnology in
technologies and the EC makes strong order to help research and industry
efforts to address these topics under to cooperate with partners abroad.
H2020. Austria is well positioned in Additionally the BMVIT has established
the photonics and nanotech area. a strong cooperation with China with
The BMVIT has initiated plattforms the goal to fund R&D-Projects between
with stakeholders from Research Austrian counterparts and the Chinese
and Industry to network and to Academy of Science and the University
establish R&D-roadmaps. The BMVT of Shanghai.
runs a big Research programme
13NAWI
Graz
Oral Presentation Abstracts
Polymorphism in the Nanoworld: A Computational Perspective
O. T. Hofmann
Technische Universität Graz, Graz/AUT
The electronic and photonic properties missing the atomistic structure beneath.
of a material are strongly governed by At the same time, thin films often contain
the atomistic structure it assumes in the too little material to apply diffraction
solid state. This is a particular issue for techniques.
nanotechnology applications, where the
interactions within the active (organic) In this contribution, we will show how
material and those at the interface to machine-learning techniques can
the substrate compete, leading to rich be exploited to determine possible
and diverse polymorphism. Since the interface and thin film structures. By
different crystal structures are often enforcing a few simple, physically
very close in energy, the structure motivated rules, we can limit the search
obtained in practice often depends space and obtain a good overview
strongly on the preparation condition. over the properties not only of the
best structure, but also many other
Fist principle calculations can provide energetically low-lying polymorphs and
valuable insight into the properties defect structures. Furthermore, this
of the material. However, since there technique directly provides insight into
are often millions of different possible the interactions within the molecules
polymorphs, these calculations are and at the interface, allowing us to
inherently dependent on foreknowledge tailor the potential energy landscape
of the atomistic structure of the thin and, hopefully, design molecules with
film. At the same time, an experimental a propensity to crystallize in desired
determination of the structure of structures. Here, we demonstrate
thin films is difficult at best. Imaging our ansatz for a number of systems,
technologies, such as STM, do not including acences and acencequinones
penetrate the top layer, inherently on coinage metal surfaces.
14NAWI
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Oral Presentation Abstracts
Photonic Nano- and Biosensors for Analyzing Liquid Biopsy
R. Heer
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Wien/AUT
The usability of functional inks for The hybrid nanomaterials are attached
the surface modification of microfluidic onto surfaces of semi-finished graphite
electrochemical and photonic bio- working electrodes by a novel bioinkjet
sensors is demonstrated. In detail, printing technique.
the modification of electrodes for
electrochemical sensors and the To demonstrate the usability of
sensing arms of Mach-Zehnder inkjet printing processes for the
interferometer sensors with receptor functionalization of photonic sensors,
molecules is shown. The surface an integrated four-channel silicon
modification for both sensing concepts nitride (Si3N4) waveguide based
is demonstrated by the measurement Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensing
of Thrombin, BNP and CRP in liquid platform, operating at a wave-length of
samples. 850 nm (TM-mode), is used.
A novel inkjet printing based bio- The quantitative measurement of
functionalization concept of screen Thrombin, BNP and CRP in liquids
printed electrodes for the realization is shown to demonstrate the proof of
of electrochemical biosensors is concept of this versatile, time saving
presented. Gold graphene nano- and cost efficient functionalization
composites are tailored for selectively method.
capturing biomolecules in liquids and
serve as target specific inks. Aptamers Finally, a novel lens less microscopy
and antibodies carrying redox labels technology for imaging cellular features
act as both, transducers and amplifiers. is introduced.
15NAWI
Graz
Oral Presentation Abstracts
Where exactly lies the “Goldilocks Zone”
for the ideal Polymer semiconductor?
Y. Kochergin, J. Huang, R. Kulkarni, and M. J. Bojdys
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin/GER
Chemically resistant covalent bonds Likewise, a truly “rational design principle”
and a “functional” surface area are – i.e. the answer to “Is crystallinity at all
flaunted as the main advantages of important for a good photocatalyst?” – has
the next generation of covalent organic not emerged, yet, simply because COFs
frameworks, of conjugated microporous and CMPs are built on fundamentally
polymers and of polymers of intrinsic different design principles and from
microporosity, but there are few case non-interchangeable building blocks.
studies that make genuine use of both
these properties simultaneously. Here, we will discuss the importance
of overall π-conjugation and electron
There is an on-going debate in the transport [2], donor-acceptor interactions
materials science, and catalysis [3], and the internal structure [4]
communities about “What makes an for polymer semiconductors in
ideal heterogeneous photocatalysts applications as sensors, heterogeneous
for water splitting?” [1], and it is a photocatalysts and energy storage
question of paramount importance for devices.
a truly sustainable hydrogen economy.
There is anecdotal evidence that the
photocatalyst’s bandgap has to be [1] M. J. Bojdys et al., Nat. Rev. Mater. (2017) 2.
around 2.3 eV or that defects play an [2] M. J. Bojdys et al., Adv. Mater. (2017) 29.
important role as the sites of charge- [3] M. J. Bojdys et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
separation and hydrogen reduction. (2018) 57.
[4] M. J. Bojdys et al., ChemSusChem (2019) 12.
16NAWI
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Oral Presentation Abstracts
Plasmon-Plasmon Coupling probed with sub-nm Sensitivity
P. Dombi
Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest/HUN
Full spatiotemporal reconstruction It was demonstrated that the cutoff
of plasmonic fields is a major goal region of these photoelectron spectra
in plasmonics in order to investigate is made up of electrons emitted
the buildup and decay of collective from plasmonic hot spots of the
electron phenomena. As a first step nanoparticles [1]. We successfully used
in this direction, one has to determine this method to investigate the coupling
field enhancement on the natural between localized and propagating
scale of plasmonic near-fields, i. e. plasmon modes, reaching ~ 7 Ǻ surface
few nanometers. Photoelectrons sensitivity [2]. Our experiments establish
were shown to be sensitive tools for photoelectron probing as a sensitive
ultrahigh-sensitivity near-field probing tool in plasmonics with a potential to
[1-3]. tailor plasmonic nanostructures for
various applications.
We have shown that using this
technique, plasmonic field enhancement .
can be experimentally measured with [1] P. Rácz, et al., Nano Lett. 17 (2017) 1181.
unprecedented surface sensitivity [2] J. Budai, et al., Nanoscale 10 (2018) 16261.
with the help of photoemitted and [3] E. Marsell, et al., Nano Lett. 15 (2015) 6601.
rescattering electrons [1].
17NAWI
Graz
Oral Presentation Abstracts
Probing R adiative and Dark Plasmons with Electrons
F.-P. Schmidt1, A. Hohenau1, H. Ditlbacher1, A. Losquin2,
M. Kociak2, F. Hofer3, and J. R. Krenn1
1
Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz/AUT
2
CNRS UMR, Paris/FR
3
Technische Universität Graz, Graz/AUT
The high spatial and spectral resolution On the other hand, we use EELS to
of electron energy loss spectroscopy identify the coupling of plasmon modes
(EELS) and cathotoluminescence (CL) within a single nanoparticle, giving
combined with electron microscopy rise to bonding and antibonding edge
has recently enriched our experimental modes. This and related effects can
reach towards a more detailed view be approached in even more detail
on nanooptical systems. Here, we by the recent addition of 3D imaging
investigate on one hand radial breathing capabilities to the EELS toolbox [3].
modes in plasmonic silver nanodiscs
that due to a vanishing dipole moment
couple only weakly to light. While [1] F.-P. Schmidt, et al., ACS Photonics, 5
increasing the disk size lifts the dark (2018) 861.
mode character due to retardation, the [2] F.-P. Schmidt, et al., Nano Lett. 16 (2016)
combination of EELS and CL signals 5152.
enables a detailed analysis of the [3] G. Haberfehlner, et al., Nano Lett. 17 (2017)
involved radiative and non-radiative 6773.
processes [1].
18NAWI
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Oral Presentation Abstracts
Imaging localized Surface Plasmons with
Electron- and Dielectric Probes
N. G. Quilis1, D. Kotlarek1, S. Fossati1, S. Hageneder1,
C. Petri2, U. Jonas2, and J. Dostalek1
1
Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz/AUT
2
University of Siegen, Siegen/GER
The paper reports on the comprising metallic films with arrays
development of actively tunable of nanopores. Implementation of
plasmonic nanostructures and their such structures for the interaction
implementation for optical affinity analysis of molecules with weak affinity
biosensors relying on plasmonically aptamer [9,10] and peptide ligands [11]
enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy as well as implementation to highly
[1]. They rely on responsive polymer sensitive detection of trace amounts
architectures [2] that enable rapid of biomarkers in bodily fluids will be
modulation of resonant excitation of presented.
surface plasmons [3] and at the same
time serve as affinity binding matrix
[4]. Thermo-responsive UV-cross- [1] D. Kotlarek, et al., in preparation (2019).
linkable polymers were employed for [2] C. Petri, et al., in preparation (2019).
the preparation of various hydrogel [3] M. Toma, et al., Journal of Physical
nanostructures [5-7] by the use of Chemistry C, 117 (2013) 22.
UV-laser interference lithography and [4] A. Aulasevich, et al., Macromolecular
nano-imprint lithography and polymer Rapid Comm. 30 (2009) 872.
backbone was post-modified by ligand [5] F. Pirani, et al., Macromolecular
molecules specific to target analyte. Chemistry and Physics 218 (2017) 6.
Similar techniques can be used for the [6] N. Quilis, et al., in preparation (2019).
preparation of metallic nanostructures [7] N. Sharma, et al., Optics Express 24
[8] and thus can be readily combined (2016) 3.
with thermo-responsive polymer [8] N.G. Quilis, et al., in preparation (2019).
architectures. [9] K. Sergelen, et al., ACS Sensors 2
(2017) 7.
There will be discussed structures [10] K. Sergelen, et al., Analyst 142 (2017)
supporting collective localized surface 2995.
plasmons on periodic arrays of gold [11] D. Bernhagen, et al., ACS Comb. Sci.
nanoparticles and hybrid architectures in preparation (2019).
19NAWI
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Oral Presentation Abstracts
Sensing and Manipulating Molecules
using Plasmonic Nanoparticles
W. Fritzsche
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena/GER
Metal nanostructures are able to interact index, resulting in a shift of the LSPR
highly specifically with visible light due band, which is then used as sensor
to localized surface plasmon resonance signal. We will demonstrate multiplexed
(LSPR), a phenomenon based on the DNA sensing using spotted (previously
interaction of light with the conduction chemically synthesized) nanoparticle
electrons. This effect depends – beside sensor arrays.
material, size and shape – also on the
surrounding refractive index, which is Beside this rather passive use of LSPR,
the base for (bio)sensing applications. a connected effect – the release of
Hereby highly specific-binding excited „hot“ electrons – can be used for
receptor molecules are attached to the more active applications like plasmonic
nanoparticle sensor surface, and allow catalysis or biomolecule manipulation,
only the target molecule to bind and which will be demonstrated in the
thereby to change the local refractive second part of the presentation.
20NAWI
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Oral Presentation Abstracts
From Plasmonic Horizons and Plasmon Voltammetry
T. A. Klar
Johannes Kepler University,Linz/AUT
The localized plasmon resonance were determined and show a linear
of noble metals or other plasmonic characteristic over the investigated pH
materials such as highly doped range according to Nernst’s equation [2].
semiconductors depends on the
square root of the density of conduction A further topic to be discussed will be
electrons. The latter can either be tuned gold intrinsic fluorescence which stems
by directly via biasing the plasmonic from electron-hole recombination inside
material or by redox-reactions taking gold nanoparticles [3]. Such fluorescing
place at the surface of the plasmonic events are the most nanoscopic light
material. Beyond this rather trivial bulbs to excite localized plasmons,
circumstance, we found that chemical basically localized on one unit cell.
reactions or physisorption of adatoms We argue that such nanoscopic light
lead to spectral shifts beyond those bulbs are a useful tool to investigate the
given by the surface capacity and the plasmonic horizon.4 This is formed by
applied potential. Further, physisorption the short lifetime of a plasmon (on the
or chemical surface reactions lead order of 6 fs) and the finite speed with
to spectral broadening which is not which the information that a plasmon
explainable by the sheer change of the is created can be transported. This
electron density [1]. actually leads to the fact that a localized
creation of a plasmon cannot reach
Within the potential boundaries of throughout a plasmonic nanosponge
water splitting, localized plasmon larger than 120 nm in diameter within
voltammetry shows excellent agreement the lifetime of the plasmon.
with simultaneously recorded cyclic
voltammogramms up to the onset
of oxygen evolution. Importantly, [1] S. K. Dondapati, et al., Nano Lett. 12 (2012)
localized plasmon voltammetry still 1247.
appears to provide meaningful signals [2] B. Steinhauser, et at., J. Phys. Chem. C
even beyond that point. Further, with 8 (2018) 122.
localized plasmon voltammetry, the [3] D. Sivun, et al., Nano Lett. 16 (2016)
pH dependent reduction potentials of 7203.
electrochemically grown gold oxides [4] C. Vidal, et al., Nano Lett. 2 (2018) 18.
21NAWI
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Oral Presentation Abstracts
Beyond FT-IR Spectroscopy: Latest Advancements in Laser-
based MID-IR Spectroscopy for Analysis of Proteins
A. Schwaighofer1, M. Montemurro1,2, S. Freitag1, and B. Lendl1
1
Technische Universität Wien, Wien/AUT
2
Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Santa Fe/ARG
One of the advantages of mid-infrared IR transmission setup for analysis of
(IR) spectroscopy in biomedical the protein amide I and amide II bands
research lies in its capability to provide at large optical paths, accompanied
direct information on the secondary with considerable improvement of the
structure of proteins in their natural, often signal-to-noise ratio and robustness
aqueous, environment. A drawback of compared to established FTIR
IR investigations of proteins in aqueous measurements. Spectral features
solution is the strong absorbance of characteristic for different protein
the HOH-bending band that overlaps secondary structures could be identified
with the amide I band, confining the at concentrations as low as 1 mg mL−1
path length to values below 10 µm in aqueous solutions. Furthermore,
for transmission measurements in this setup was successfully employed
conventional Fourier-transform infrared to monitor dynamic changes of protein
(FTIR) spectrometers. and polypeptide conformation induced
by chemical denaturation and thermal
External-cavity quantum cascade perturbation. Most recently, we
lasers (EC-QCLs) are new broadband applied EC-QCL mid-IR transmission
light sources for the mid-IR region that spectroscopy for quantification of
provide polarized and coherent light individual proteins in commercial
with spectral power densities several bovine milk without sample pre-
orders of magnitude higher than thermal processing by partial least squares
emitters. Employing these new light regression models.
sources, we developed a broadband
22NAWI
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Oral Presentation Abstracts
Extending Nano-Mechanical and Electrical Measurement
Modes in AFM: A System Integration Approach
G. Schitter1, M. Poik1, D. Kohl1, and P. Mesquida1,2
1
Technische Universität Wien, Wien/AUT
2
King’s College London, London/UK
Atomic force microscopes (AFM) are very measuring surface charges at high-spatial
versatile instruments for characterizing resolution is known as Kelvin-Probe
surfaces at nanometer resolution, also force microscopy (KPFM). However,
beyond the conventional measurement the application of KPFM is limited in
of topography, by various measurement some cases by the need to applying a
modes, including nano-mechanical and DC-offset to the AFM-cantilever for the
electrical measurements. charge measurement. To address this
challenge, a new measurement mode is
For the direct measurement of mechanical discussed that replaces the conventional
material properties, such as Young’s KPFM signal by a set of sinusoidal signals
modulus and adhesion, of the sample applied to the AFM-tip for measuring
surface with high spatial resolution, the the surface charges. As in conventional
general disadvantage of AFM being a KPFM, the new mode keeps the closed-
tactile measurement method is utilized as loop feedback to take advantage of a
an advantage for recording a set of force- compensation-based measurement
distance curves at every pixel. While principle. In a second step this new
state-of-the-art measurement modes measurement mode is extended to radio-
and conventional implementations have frequency signals up to several GHz,
successfully demonstrated feasibility for which will enable the characterization
nano-mechanical measurements, they of electronic components and circuits
are limited in measurement speed by the directly on the wafer or device level
dynamic behavior of the force sensor and during operation.
AFM positioning system. This contribution
discusses a system integration approach Extending the frequency range of nano-
by utilizing mechatronic system design mechanical and electrical measurement
and modern control methods to modes in AFM will not only pave the
ameliorate this limitation by two orders of way to new applications, but will in
magnitudes, enabling force mapping at the future also enable spectroscopic
rates of 10.000 force curves per second measurements with these systems in
and beyond. material and life-science applications,
as well as in industrial development,
Another measurement mode in AFM for analysis and in-process measurement.
23NAWI
Graz
Oral Presentation Abstracts
Sugar Exposure alters the Surface Charge of Collagen
Fibrils on the Nanometer Scale
P Mesquida1,2 , D. Kohl1, and G. Schitter1
1
Technische Universität Wien, Wien/AUT
2
King’s College London, London/UK
It has long been speculated whether surface chemical properties of collagen
sugar is not just harmful in an obvious fibrils, the main structural constituents
way, namely through excessive of connective tissue. It was found that
consumption leading to obesity, but glycation leads to stiffening of fibrils
could also have more subtle, long-term and a reduction of their surface charge
effects on human tissue. The idea was on the nanometer scale. To this end, we
raised that sugars react with “healthy” had to use advanced techniques such
proteins in the body, specifically as Atomic Force Microscopy-based
extracellular matrix proteins in various nanoindentation and Kelvin-probe
tissues, and thereby could cause Force Microscopy, coupled with our
an alteration of their mechanical own electronics in order to achieve the
and electrostatic properties. Such necessary sensitivity.
processes are known as glycation
and could have devastating long-term The observed reduction of surface
effects on a range of very fundamental, charge could interfere with the
biological functions such as cell attachment of cell adhesion proteins
adhesion, blood vessel elasticity, etc. on collagen fibrils and, ultimately, cell
adhesion itself, which could disturb
We investigated such a hypothesised numerous processes and overall
alteration of the mechanical and function of tissue.
24NAWI
Graz
Oral Presentation Abstracts
Vacuum- and Solution-Processed Transparent Electrodes
for Flexible Solar Cells
T. Dimopoulos
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Wien/AUT
Transparent electrodes (TEs) represent against mechanical stress, (iii) have
an extensive market, expanding from a larger figure-of-merit (transparency
optoelectronics to lighting, and further over resistance) than state-of-the-art
to photovoltaics and functional window ITO electrodes on flexible substrates.
coatings. Transparent conducting oxides We will focus on the optical design
(TCOs) are the predominant class of TE of these electrodes to maximize their
materials. TCOs are highly-doped, wide- transmittance, as well as on their
bandgap semiconductors. One of the implementation in solar cells of the hybrid
most implemented TCOs is indium-tin- perovskite type. Further, we will elaborate
oxide (ITO), offering high transparency on a solution-processed TE technology
and low resistance. On the down side, especially developed for rough solar cell
indium is a rare and expensive element absorber surfaces, where conformal
and high quality, sputtered ITO requires coverage of the surface, as well as high
high processing temperature, which processing speed are critical features.
is not compatible with sensitive plastic This TE is based on a combination of
substrates. Also, for certain applications ZnO nanoparticles, a chemical-bath-
and products, solution-based processes deposited, doped-ZnO layer and finally a
offer lower capital expenditure and highly conducting Ag-nanowire network.
maintenance costs than vacuum We demonstrate that photovoltaic cells
processing, which has a strong impact and modules, of the so-called “monograin
for large-scale production. layer” architecture, implementing this
type of TE deliver equal photovoltaic
In this presentation we will describe 2 performance as reference devices
different TE technologies. The first is one employing sputter-processed layers.
is based on sputtered, ultra-thin metal
films (Ag, Cu, or Au), with a thickness
of 5-15 nm, combined with dielectric [1] M. Bauch, et al., Mater. Des. 104 (2016)
layers (such as doped ZnO, TiO2 and 37.
others) to form dielectric/metal/dielectric [2] D. Ebner, et al., Optics Express 25
multilayers, which: (i) can be vacuum- (2017) A240.
processed at ambient temperature on [3] S. Edinger, et al., J. Mater. Sci. 52
rigid or flexible substrates, (ii) are stable (2017) 9410.
25NAWI
Graz
Oral Presentation Abstracts
Printed Organic Electronics:
from Printed Copper to Perovskite Light-Emitting Devices
F. Hermerschmidt1, and E. J. W. List-Kratochvil1,2
1
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin/GER
2
Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin/GER
By using solution-based materials, the on utilizing inkjet-printing to deposit
field of printed organic electronics has not copper nanoparticles. A reductive
only made new devices accessible, but sintering approach is presented as an
also moved the process of manufacture alternative to commonly used laser
toward a high-throughput industrial scale. or flash lamp curing techniques [3]. In
One of the major advantages of these order to form conducting structures
types of electronic devices is that they within a range of electronic applications,
can be manufactured using a solution- specifically optoelectronic devices and
based processing route, i.e. from inks printed circuits, the continuous process
that contain the active material dissolved development and implementation
in a suitable solvent system. These methods are discussed to improve the
solutions can then be deposited using conductive and interfacial properties [4].
standard lab-based techniques such as
spin coating, but also using sophisticated, The findings presented address the
technology-relevant processing systems importance of continuing work in
such as inkjet-printing. improving the effectiveness of printed
conductive structures together with
Organic field effect transistors, organic optimized carrier transport layers and
photovoltaics and high-performance high efficiency active material systems,
organic light emitting diodes have e.g. perovskites, in their use in organic
been fabricated with the use of inkjet and hybrid (opto)electronic devices, in
printing [1,2]. Its versatility is underlined order to target efficient and fully solution-
by the fact it is an additive, upscalable, processed and flexible electronics.
direct write technique that requires no
masks or lithographic pre-patterning of [1] H. Sirringhaus, et al., Science 290 (2000)
substrates. However, for full compatibility 2123.
with flexible, low cost substrates, the [2] L. Kinner, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 110,
processing conditions of the deposited (2017) 101107.
structures need to be continuously [3] F. Hermerschmidt, et al., Adv. Mater.
investigated. Technol. 3 (2018) 144.
[4] F. Hermerschmidt, et al., Adv. Mater.
This contribution highlights our work Technol. 4 (2019) 1800474.
26NAWI
Graz
Oral Presentation Abstracts
Utilizing Inkjet Printing for Organic/Inorganic Metal Halide
Perovskite Optoelectronic Devices
F. Mathies1, and E. Unger1,2
1
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin/GER
2
Lund University, Lund/SWE
In recent years, organic metal halide able to change the crystallization dynamics
perovskites (OMHP) have been one of the and thus control the film roughness and
most exciting research topics for scientists thickness of the printed perovskite layers
of a wide variety of backgrounds. Mainly [1, 2]. Preliminary work on multication
driven by photovoltaics, the exceptional perovskite solar cells in combination with a
optical and electrical properties of OMHPs vacuum annealing post-treatment step leads
on a laboratory scale lead to an efficiency to efficiencies of 15% for an n-i-p solar cell
of over 23%. In addition, perovskites are on a sub-cm² cell surface [3]. We now focus
beginning to have an impact on lighting and on the in-situ characterization of perovskite
sensor applications. It is not only the broad film formation kinetics as a function of the
spectrum of possible applications, but also composition and process conditions of
the ease fabrication from solutions that the precursor to demonstrate the role of
promises OMHP to achieve a strong market solution chemistry and intermediate states
presence as a low-cost semiconductor in determining sample morphology and
material. quality. The findings presented in this study
pave the way for large-area, low-cost, high-
We develop a deeper understanding of throughput optoelectronic devices with
the formation of perovskite layers, starting inkjet printing on perovskites.
with the solution chemistry of the ink to the
later crystallization using various coating
and printing techniques. Inkjet printing [1] F. Mathies, et al., J. Mater. Chem. A 4
offers the possibility of large-area, high- (2016) 19207.
throughput digital printing. By controlling [2] F. Mathies, et al., Opt. Express 26 (2018)
the ink formulation, e.g. surface tension, 144.
viscosity, boiling point and solubility, as well [3] F. Mathies, et al., ACS Appl. Energy
as the post-processing parameters, we are Mater. 1 (2018) 1834.
27NAWI
Graz
Oral Presentation Abstracts
Roll-to-Roll UV Nanoimprint Lithography
for Large Area Manufacturing of Bionic Surfaces
D. Nees, J. Götz, S. Ruttloff, U. Palfinger, and B. Stadlober
JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Weiz/AUT
Roll-to-roll UV nanoimprint lithography R2R-UV-NIL processes being strong
(R2R-UV-NIL) gains increasing adhesion to polymer substrates, fast
industrial interest for large area nano- curing speed and high imprint fidelity.
and micro-structuring of flexible
substrates because it combines The mechanical properties, surface
nanometer resolution with many square chemistry and refractive index of these
meter per minute productivity [1]. UV imprint resins can be tuned over wide
ranges by choice and ratio of urethane
Beside the classical application fields acrylate oligomers and acrylate or
of nanoimprint lithography like micro- thiol monomers – and surface active
electronics and micro-optics currently dopants. We have achieved Young’s
biomimetic micro- and nano-structured moduli be-tween 5 MPa and 5 GPa,
surfaces get increasing attention for refractive indices nD25 between 1.4
e.g. viscous drag reduction (shark skin and 1.7 and surface energies between
effect), water and dirt repellence (lotus 15 mN/m and 65 mN/m [2].
effect) and anti-reflection (moth-eye
effect) coatings. Furthermore, new strategies have been
developed to achieve excellent abrasion
In this study we report the set-up of resistance and utmost weathering
a custom made R2R-UV-NIL pilot stability of the nanoimprinted
machine which is able to convert 10 biomimetic polymer surfaces in harsh
inch wide polymer web with velocities outdoor applications.
up to 50 m/min. For imprint as well
as polymer working stamp material
UV-curing resins based on urethane [1] J.J. Dumond, et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B.
acrylates and thiol-ene chemistry were (2012) 30.
designed to meet the requirements of [2] M Leitgeb, et al., ACS Nano 10 (2016) 5.
28NAWI
Graz
Oral Presentation Abstracts
Plasmonics for Molecular
Nano-R aman Imaging beyond the Limits
S. Kawata
Osaka University and RIKEN, Osaka/JP
Surface plasmons propagate along the resolution ~50ms. In the presentation,
boundary between metal surface and movies of particle motion and a molecular
dielectric material with velocity smaller map in a cell will be shown with many
and wavelength shorter than those of light other results. For imaging the distribution
propagating in free space. The velocity can of nucleotides and proteins, deep UV light
be even zero (no propagation but oscillating) has been used for exciting resonant Raman
on the metal surface [1]. Optical microscopy scattering in Lanthanide ion solution where
using surface plasmons was the first photo-degradation is suppressed [9].
reported by Knoll in 1998 [2]. Localized Plasmonic materials in deep UV will be also
mode of surface plasmon polaritons was discussed [10].
also used for microscopy with a metallic
nano-probe for nano-resolution imaging [3].
The intensity of nano-light spot localized in [1]. I. Smolyaninov, New J. Phys. 5 (2003)
the vicinity of probe tip is enhanced due to 147.
the resonance of localized mode of surface [2] B. Rothenhäusler et al., Nature 332 (1988)
plasmons [4]. Super resolution and field 615.
enhancement of plasmonic microscopy [3] Y. Inouye, et al., Opt. Lett. 19 (1994) 159.
are both beneficial to the Raman analysis [4] S. Kawata, et al., Nature Photonics 31
of bio-molecules, nano-materials, and (2009) 388.
nano-devices. In this presentation, I will [5] S. Kawata, et. al., Chem. Rev. 117 (2017)
introduce the principle of tip-enhanced 4983.
Raman scattering (TERS) microscopy [6] T. Yano, et al., Nature Comm. 4 (2013)
and review its recent progress [5]. Spatial 2592.
resolution of TERS microscopy is limited [7] T. Yano, et al., Nature Photonics 3 (2009)
by the size of probe tip [6], while it can be 473.
exceeding beyond the limit by pressuring a [8] J. Ando, et al., Nano Lett. 11 (2011) 5344.
sample with a tip to introduce the localized [9] Y. Kumamoto, et. al., Biomed. Opt.
structural deformation of molecules [7]. Express. 7 (2015) 158.
Three-dimensional molecular distribution in [10] Y. Ozaki and S. Kawata, „Far and Deep
a living cell can be also obtained with use of Ultraviolet Spectroscopy,“ Springer (2015).
a gold nano-particle [8]. Spatial resolution
of this microscope is ~ 65nm and temporal
29NAWI
Graz
Oral Presentation Abstracts
Light-Fueled Molecular Machines Move Matter
Z. Sekkat
University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat/MAR
Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science and Innovation and Research, Rabat/MAR
Osaka University, Osaka/JP
In this talk, I will give an overview of different types of gradients and light
the theory of matter motion induced polarization excitations is considered.
by photoisomerization. I show that In concept, matter motion is due to
besides photoisomerization, a competing forces, including viscous
gradient of light intensity is necessary and photoisomerization forces, and
to generate motion; e.g. generate a possible radiation pressure and elastic
photoisomerization force to move forces, as well as a random force due
matter. The photoisomerization force to thermal fluctuations. In solid films of
requires a photochemical process, in azo-polymers, the photoisomerization
contrast to the optical gradient force, force overcomes other forces due to
introduced by Ashkin, which requires softening and decrease of viscosity of
a contrast of refractive index to move the material by photoisomerization. The
particles. Molecular machines become photoisomerization force scales with the
mobile when they are photo-selected in density of the photoreactive molecules,
a gradient of light intensity. The motion and it is orders of magnitude larger
occurs in the direction of the vector of than radiation pressure. Important
the intensity gradient, and its efficiency perspectives for the transport of matter
depends on the respective orientations by light are foreseen [1,2].
of the vectors of light polarization and
intensity gradient. Directional motion
is imparted into materials containing [1] Z. Sekkat, OSA Continuum 1 (2018) 2.
smart photoisomerizable molecules. [2] Z. Sekkat, Appl. Opt. 55 (2016) 2.
The theory describes well experimental [3] S. Moujdi et al., J. Appl. Phys. (2019) in
observations, and its application to press.
30NAWI
Graz
Poster Abstracts
31NAWI
Graz
List of Posters
S. Fossati������������������������������ Plasmonic Nanohole Arrays with Thermo -Responsive Hydrogel Cushion
– Towards Flow-Through Biosensor
F. Gärisch�������������������������� Investigation of Resistive Switching in Organic/Inorganic Memory Devices
D. Grimaldi������������������������������������������������������������� Quantum Dot Photoconductivity in Plasmonic Gaps
S. Hageneder��������������������������������� Improving Detection Limits using Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence
Biochips Suitable for Scaled -Up Production
M. Hengge�����������������������������������������������������Achieving Highly Conductive Inkjet-Printed Copper Films
with Low-Temperature Reductive Sintering
M. Heyl�����������������������������������������Crystal-Limited Exfoliation of Centimeter-Scale MoS2 Monolayers
T. A. Klar������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������Plasmonic Gold Nanosponges
N. Z.
Zorn
Morales
Morales
������������������������������������������������������������������������������E
�������������������������������������������������������������������������Employing Light to “Remote” Control
the Optical Properties of an Organic Light Emitting Diodes
N. Mutz������������������������������������������������������������Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDC) Monolayers
and Heterosturctures for Hybrid Optoelectronic Devices
S.-Y. Rhim������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
����������������������������������������������������������������Active Surface-Plasmon-Polariton Modulation by
Means of Photochromic Molecules for Functionalized Hybrid Interfaces
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
32NAWI
Graz
33NAWI
Graz
Poster Abstracts
Plasmonic Nanohole Arrays with Thermo-Responsive Hydrogel
Cushion – Towards Flow-Through Biosensor
S. Fossati1, D. Kotlarek1, S. Hageneder1,
C. Petri2, U. Jonas2, and J. Dostalek1
1
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln/AUT
2
University of Siegen, Siegen/GER
The combination of plasmonic sensing nanoparticles provides a rich spectrum
systems with microfluidics has proven of modes probing different areas of the
to be an important tool in biosensing structure, including a plasmonic hotspot
with small sample volumes or analyte at the pore. Furthermore, actuation of the
concentration [1]. In typical applications optical properties by small temperature
the sample solution is flowed over a changes is enabled by the thermo-
surface functionalized with specific responsive nature of the employed
receptors. For low concentration of hydrogel. Numerical simulations are
analytes, the diffusion driven mass employed to study and optimize the
transport limits the capture of target optical properties for sensing application.
molecules on the surface. To overcome The nanostructures are then fabricated
mass transport limitations, microfluidic by cost effective nanoimprint lithography
flow-through systems with plasmonic and are subsequently transferred to a
nanostructures have been developed porous membrane by template stripping.
in which fluid flow is channeled through In this structure capillary forces drive the
pores to sensitive detection area [2,3]. transport of the sample to the hydrogel
Such approaches however mostly rely matrix. Therefore binding events occur
on expensive, low throughput methods preferably in close proximity to the
including electron beam lithography, plasmonic pore. The nanostructures are
focused ion beam or photolithography. characterized by microscopy, optical
These designs are static in nature wavelength spectroscopy and the optical
and susceptible to hydrodynamic response is compared to simulation results.
deformation due to applied pressure Finally, the performance of the system is
[4]. demonstrated with a model immunoassay.
To address these challenges, we report [1] S. Špačková, Proceedings of the IEEE 104
on metallic nanohole arrays supported by (2016) 12.
a thermo-responsive hydrogel cushion [2] X. Fan et al., Nature photonics 5 (2011) 591.
with embedded gold nanoparticles. [3] F. Eftekari et al., Analytical chemistry 81
The resulting system of coupled (2009) 11.
propagating surface plasmons and [4] L. Tu et al., Biomicrofluidics 9 (2015) 6.
localized plasmon resonances of the
34NAWI
Graz
Poster Abstracts
Investigation of Resistive Switching
in Organic/Inorganic Memory Devices
F. Gärisch1, K. Nguyen1,
G. Ligorio1, and E. J. W. List-Kratochvil1,2
1
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin/GER
2
Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin/GER
Resistive switching devices are into a blend structure, reliability
considered as promising candidates as well as ion transport improved
for future non-volatile memory/ significantly, reflected in the electric
storage technology, due to low cost current-voltage as well as current-
of fabrication and compatibility with time characteristics. Purely organic
flexible support substrates. When an basic devices do however often lack
appropriate bias voltage is applied to in switching stability, thus encouraging
the device’s two metallic electrodes, exploration of alternative materials.
separated by a thin organic/inorganic While primarily known for their
film, an electrochemical reaction optoelectronic application, organic-
causes the formation/rupture of inorganic hybrid perovskite materials
a localized conductive pathway also exhibit promising properties in
(filament) within the material. After a their use as memory devices. However,
period of preconditioning, this allows the switching mechanisms are not yet
reversible switching of the device’s fully understood. Characterization of
electric properties between two distinct switching behavior in methylammonium
resistive states (high resistance state lead iodide (perovskite) based devices
and low resistance state). was therefore another focus of this
work. While no preconditioning of the
As part of this work, we doped a polymeric device was necessary, remarkably low
insulator (poly methyl methacrylate, switching voltages (NAWI
Graz
Poster Abstracts
Quantum Dot Photoconductivity in Plasmonic Gaps
D. Grimaldi, A. Hohenau, M. Gašparić,
H. Ditlbacher, and J. R. Krenn1
Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz/AUT
Recent advances in the room- in-between. In this gap the incoming
temperature synthetization and light intensity gets enhanced up to a
deposition techniques have made, on thousand times. Ligand-exchanged
the one hand, colloidal semiconducting QD films of either the semiconducting
quantum dots (QDs) important low- materials CdSe or PbS are spinned on
cost materials for optoelectronic the plasmonic gaps. With the help of
devices such as photodetectors or a scanning stage and a focused laser
solar cells [1, 2]. On the other hand, beam, we create maps of the local
top-down fabrication with electron photocurrent and of the local optical
beam lithography allows nowadays transmission. On selected points of the
to design well defined structures at sample, viz. the bowties, we analyze
the nanoscale. We exploit this to the dependence of the photocurrent on
fabricate metal nanostructures (MNS) the voltage bias, the laser power and
that display plasmonic effects such as -polarization, as well as photocurrent
the local optical field enhancement. response to temporal changes in laser
Applied to, e.g., photodetectors this intensity. The measured data indicate
could result in increased speed, lower that it could be possible to prove a
noise detection and reduced power plasmonic enhanced photocurrent with
consumption [3]. an improved measurement setup and
sample design.
The subject matter of this poster is the
investigation of QD photoconductivity
in plasmonic MNS and whether [1] C. R. Kagan, et al., Science (2016) 353.
a plasmonic enhancement of [2] R. Saran, et al., Nature Photonics 10
photocurrent is possible. The MNS (2016) 81.
are so-called bowties, which consist [3] J. A. Schuller, et al., Nature materials 9
of two opposed triangles with a gap (2010) 193.
36NAWI
Graz
Poster Abstracts
Improving Detection Limits using Plasmon-Enhanced
Fluorescence Biochips Suitable for Scaled-Up Production
S. Hageneder1, S. Fossati1, M. Hiltunen2,
J. Hiltunen2, and J. Dostalek1
1
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln/AUT
2
2VTT-Technical Research Centre of Finland Kaitoväyä, Oulu/FIN
Fluorescence-based techniques are However, these structures are typically
among the most widely spread optical prepared by costly techniques such as
methods for detection of (bio-) molecules electron beam lithography, which are
in various fields. There is a persistent not suitable for a large scale production.
need to detect and quantify lowest We report on disposable plasmonic
amounts of analytes using highly sensitive structures made by UV-nanoimprint
fluorescence immunoassays broadly lithography and roll-to-roll processes which
adaptable to clinical and biological provide enhanced fluorescence intensity
laboratories and point-of-care testing, emitted from fluorophore labels by a factor
especially when it concerns the early up to 300. These structures are used
diagnosis of cancer and infectious on a device with array detection format
diseases [1,2] and integrated microfluidics with a limit
of detection in the fM range, which
For the purpose of improving the additionally allows for the measurement
sensitivity and limit of detection of of affinity binding kinetics.
fluorescence based assays, metallic
nanostructures which allow coupling The developed array chips are characterized
of fluorophore labels of an assay with in terms of morphology and assay
the confined electromagnetic field of performance, especially in comparison with
resonantly excited surface plasmons laboratory-scale produced samples.
are utilized. The highly enhanced field
intensity interacting at the adsorption
and emission wavelength with the [1] S. Srivastava, et al., Advances in infectious
fluorophores allows increasing their diseases 8 (2018) 3.
brightness making it possible to detect [2] J. Rusling, et al., The Analyst, 135 (2010) 10.
target molecules at minute amounts [3]. [3] M. Bauch, et al., Optics Express 22 (2014) 26.
37NAWI
Graz
Poster Abstracts
Achieving Highly Conductive Inkjet-Printed Copper Films
with Low-Temperature Reductive Sintering
M. Hengge1,2, D. Burmeister1, V. Schröder1,2,
T. Nerger1, C. Gatsios1, E. R. Nandayapa3,
F. Hermerschmidt1, and Emil J. W. List-Kratochvil1,2
1
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin/GER
2
Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin/GER
3
Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Potsdam-Golm/GER
Inkjet-printed electrodes have been laser sintering approaches.
utilized in a wide variety of (opto)
electronic devices [1, 2]. Inkjet-printing This contribution introduces a truly
is an additive, direct write technique that low temperature (130 °C), easy to
requires no masks or lithographic pre- scale process using formic acid to
patterning of substrates, with droplets sinter structures that have been inkjet-
only deposited where required on the printed using an industrial scale copper
substrate, therefore minimizing material nanoparticle ink. Electrical conductivity
loss. Moreover, inkjet-printing can be of up to 16% bulk Cu is reached after
transferred to a roll-to-roll process, able sintering at 130 °C and more than 25%
to access high productivity but also bulk Cu conductivity is achieved above
small feature sizes. This paves the way 150 °C. Four-point measurements and
to fully solution-processed devices, with photoemission spectroscopy detail the
all layers including the electrodes being formation of a conducting Cu film, while
deposited from an ink. adhesion and bending tests confirm the
stability of the printed structures.
Many approaches to printable conductive
metal electrodes have focused on silver, The developed sintering process is
due to its high oxidation resistance compatible with flexible plastic substrates
and good electrical conduction even that are often themselves not particularly
in its oxidized states. The required temperature stable and underline the
sintering step to form uniform films suitability of the inkjet process for
of merged nanoparticles is therefore upscalable and large area Cu electrode
less demanding, i.e. simple thermal production in electronic devices [3].
processes can be applied. However, the
high cost of silver and its susceptibility
to electromigration demand a shift of [1] H. Sirringhaus, et al., Science 290
focus towards alternatives, for example (2000) 2123.
copper. However, due to its susceptibility [2] F. Hermerschmidt, et al., Adv. Mater.
to oxidation, the usual post-deposition Technol. 4 (2019) 1800474.
treatment methods include expensive and [3] F. Hermerschmidt, et al., Adv. Mater.
instrumentally elaborate flash lamp and Technol. 3 (2018) 1800146.
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