New Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems for Compliance with the IMO -SOx Regulations - Giordano Zappelli
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New Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems
for Compliance with the IMO –SOx Regulations
SOLVAir® Marine
GBU Soda Ash
Giordano Zappelli and Derivatives
Emission laws for the marine sector
5
4,5
4
Sulphur Content in Fuels %
3,5
2012
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
July 2010 0,5
0,5
0,1
0
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Global ECA
2
Context and legislation: Existing and potential ECA (Emission Control Areas) zones
EU-ECA
EU
Picture Font: Brochure DNV-GL Maritime
“GLOBAL SULPHUR CAP 2020 – Know the different choices and
challenges for on-time compliance”
https://www.dnvgl.com/maritime/publications/global-sulphur-cap-2020.html
.
3
Context and legislation: tightening constraints
on emissions and available solutions to comply
• Currently available solutions to comply
Since 01.01.2015 - Compliant fuels (MGO, Low S fuel oil,...)
• Use of fuel with max. 0.1% S - Alternative fuels (LNG, Methanol,…)
binding in Emission Control
- Wet scrubbers (open/closed loop, hybrid)
Areas (ECA’s)
• Current ECA areas: North- and - Dry systems using lime based sorbents (3 cases)
Baltic Sea, North American
coast areas • Alternative solutions:
- Dry systems using sodium-based sorbents (based
As of 01.01.2020 on SOLVAir® Solutions)
• worldwide limitation of S-
content in fuels: 0,5 % S
DeSOx: What means in Sulphur reduction
Vessels amount HFOeq consumption
Sulphur (t)
(units) (Mton/year)
Average Content 2018 : 2,5 %
5,97 Mt S = 11,94 Mt SO2
2020
1,19 Mt S = 2,38 Mt SO2
77.238 238,9
S: - 4,78 Mt
SO2: - 9,56 Mt
Major Wet Scrubbing Systems
- Closed Loop;
- Open Loop;
- Hybrid.
% of operating time in which chemical addiction is requested
- Closed loop mode: 100%
- Open loop mode: 0% (where washwater discharge is forbidden, vessels are forced to shift from HFO to LSF)
- Hybrid Mode (i.e. it can work both in Closed and Open mode): vessels must work in closed mode only where
washwater discharge is forbidden (e.g. at berth or mooring)..
Exhaust Gas in air Exhaust Gas in air
Scrubber Scrubber
Soda Ash
Soda Ash
(or NaOH)
(or NaOH)
Exhaust from the engine Hybrid Mode Exhaust from the engine
Sea water IN Sea washwater OUT
Closed Mode Open Mode
6
The Dry SOLVAir® Process: Simplified Flowsheet
Product Characteristics of Sodium-Based Sorbents
• Mineral Powder:
– Non Corrosive
– Non Irritant
– Non Toxic
• Can be handled easily
A safe & mineral without any risk
product • Essential raw material in
numerous industrial and
manufacturing activitiesWhy is the dry SOLVAir® Process so efficient?
Activation of the sorbent after injection into the exhaust gas stream:
before activation activated status
(SEM x 5000) (SEM x 5000)4. Results dry SOLVAir® Process for Maritime
achieved clean gas SOx concentrations 500 ppm S
(HFO: 2,2 – 2,5 %S)
SO2 [ppm] Rawgas; Cleangas
Ratio SO2 [ppm]/ CO2 [%]
IMO SOx limit:
clean gas after treatment: equivalent to MGO (0,1 % S)
~ 12 ppm S
TimeAdvantages of SOLVAir® Solutions in Maritime Applications
The main SOLVAir® Solutions brings many
advantages for ship advantages compared to wet scrubbers
owners and • Comparable SOx reduction rate
operators are
• Higher particle removal rate (> 99 %)
• Flexibility to use
cheaper HFO • No liquid effluents
even when • Less internal power consumption
cruising in (no pumps for washing water)
already existing
Emission Control
SOLVAir® • Lower CAPEX, OPEX
Areas Marine • For installation no need for a dry dock
• Readiness • Combination with SCR DeNOX possible
for the global • Negligible effect on backpressure
regulation in 2020 to the engine
and beyond
• Smaller effort for maintenance and
operation thanks to simplicity of the
process
• Low sensitivity to failureThe dry SOLVAir® Process for Maritime
First Ship Equipped
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