Smarter Together Munich - Activities and Achievements 2016-2021 City of Munich - Wirtschaft München
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Smarter Together
Munich
Activities and Achievements
2016–2021
City of Munich
CONTENT
Introduction 3
Smarter Together in Munich 4
Citizen Engagement 8
Sustainable Mobility 12
Refurbishment and Renewable Energy 16
Data and Services 22
Remarkable 28
Working Together 30
Replication 33
The Bigger Picture 34
Insights at a glance 36
Outlook 38
Annex 39
1
2
INTRODUCTION
Smarter Together is the first major smart city pilot
project in Munich to take an integrated look at the
most urgent urban development topics of our time,
from the question of future urban mobility and how
to make low-energy districts a reality, through to
technological solutions to implement such plans.
I am also particularly pleased that we were able to
spend years working closely and openly with our
European partner cities to tackle these forward-
looking topics. We hope to continue this cooperation
beyond the scope of the project.
Dieter Reiter
Mayor of the City of Munich
More than half of the world’s population already live in cities. The UN expects this
figure to rise to two thirds by 2050. The resulting demands placed on infrastructure
already pose an ongoing challenge. Increased urban density and the ensuing rise
in demand for living space and energy, in traffic, in problems finding parking spaces
and, by no means least, in pollution, mean that new, smart solutions are necessary.
Against this backdrop, the City of Munich joined forces with Lyon and Vienna and
launched the Smarter Together project. The project was funded by the European
Commission as part of the Horizon 2020 programme for research and innovation.
During the project, which ran from February 2016 to January 2021, the partner
cities developed and tested innovative smart city solutions.1 The aim was to jointly
find answers to questions about the future of urban development. At the same
time, the project also emphasised the importance of involving citizens in shaping
the future of their cities. The name “Smarter Together” set the tone: Thanks to
regular, open transfer of knowledge between the participating cities and within
their administrative departments, a space was created for trust-based dialogue
about best practice examples as well as challenges and how to master them.
This brochure sheds light on the background and approaches the broad insights
gained in the Smarter Together project in Munich.
1 Due to the corona pandemic, the duration of the project was extended until July 2021 for further
monitoring. 3
Smarter Together
in Munich
As the focus of the project is on smart city solutions, it is important to define what
we mean by the term. After all, there is no clear definition. It can mean anything from
bringing existing urban services into the digital realm to plans for how flying cars can
help ease traffic problems in the future. In isolation, neither approach is satisfactory.
First and foremost, a sustainable smart city is a city whose main priority is its citizens
and which ensures that the city remains or becomes a place where people want to live.
In other words, “smart city” refers primarily to the goal rather than to the individual
strategies for reaching this goal.
However, while working towards the goal, cities need to consider what strategies are suited
to dealing with issues such as climate or demographic change. Current considerations
are often focussed on the topics of connected mobility, energy, digitalisation, and
modern administration. In the Smarter Together project, Munich and its partner cities
decided to take a closer look at practical applications and to test the suitability of
individual measures. The only way to see whether something has the potential to be a
smart city solution is to discover how it works in reality.
4
SMARTER TOGETHER IN MUNICH
Objective: Re-thinking the city
In the Smarter Together project, experimenting was both allowed and encouraged.
The purpose of the EU funds was to test smart city innovations and develop
those ideas which offer real practical value and promote energy efficiency and
sustainability. As part of this process, it was important to take an integrated
view of measures from the most diverse areas of urban development, ranging
from redevelopment and renewable energy to sustainable mobility, integrated
infrastructure, intelligent data use, and citizen engagement. All these topics are
integral to the development of smart cities, as they can have a direct influence on
the quality of citizens’ lives (see diagram p.6).
A major factor in the success of the
EU project Smarter Together was also
The multidisciplinary approach was of major benefit, as the topics are closely
linked and influence each other on various levels. For example, data from all the the close cooperation of the project
developed solutions was collected in the smart data platform, which was also team with local business and research
created during the project. In addition, citizen engagement was a core component partners. Involving local innovative
in all project areas. Smarter Together thus worked towards a new smart city model, partners in urban development is
which aims to place citizens and society at the heart of the process. essential to developing a smart city. The
very name ‘Smarter Together’ emphasises
this fact.
Clemens Baumgärtner
Head of the Department of Labor
and Economic Development,
Partner cities: City of Munich
the Smarter Together consortium
The lighthouse cities Munich, Lyon, and Vienna joined forces in the Smarter Together
project to develop, test, and discuss smart city solutions, and to learn from one
another. The aim of the three “follower cities” Santiago de Compostela, Sofia, and
Venice was to draw on insights gained by the lighthouse cities and adapt them
to local circumstances in their own cities. This process entailed regular dialogue
and open cooperation between the various city administrative departments and the
participating project partners.
All cities which receive funding from the European Commission as part of the
Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme are also part of the network
European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities (EIP-SCC).
This network is a platform for innovation which aims to connect public and
private stakeholders in order to develop and implement specific plans, events, and
projects. The projects take turns chairing the network. With the Smarter Together
project Munich thus became part of a much larger European network.
Lyon Santiago de Compostela
Munich Venice
Vienna Sofia
5
SMARTER TOGETHER IN MUNICH
Structure in Munich
SMART DATA PLATFORM To facilitate an integrated approach in the project across wide-ranging urban
AND SERVICES development topics, it was necessary to set up a cross-department and -sector
team. Throughout the project period, the experts from the various departments
worked closely together. Numerous partners from the business and science
communities were also involved (see overview of project partners, p. 42–43).
TECHNOLOGY:
SUSTAINABLE
SMART
MOBILITY
“REAL LABS” Preparation/Organisation Department of Labor and Economic
Development
CITIZEN
ENGAGEMENT
Citizen Engagement MGS – Münchner Gesellschaft für Stad-
terneuerung (Munich society for urban
redevelopment)
REFURBISHMENT Low-Energy Districts SWM – Stadtwerke München (Munich City
AND RENEWABLE
Utilities) and MGS
ENERGY
Integrated Infrastructure and IT Department and Department of Public
Services Construction
Key topics in Smarter Together Munich
Sustainable Mobility MVG – Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft
(Munich Transport Corporation)
Monitoring & Evaluation Department of Urban Planning and Building
Regulation
Preparing for Replication Department of Urban Planning and Building
Regulation
Funding
Municipal departments and subsidiaries involved in the project and their areas of
approx. EUR 24.7 million responsibility.
Total European Commission funding
for the Smarter Together consortium.
Smart City Munich
approx. EUR 6.85 million
EU funds for the City of Munich and par- Within Germany, Munich is one of the cities under the greatest pressure to transform.
ticipating local partners within Smarter As a rapidly growing city with the greatest population density per square kilometre
Together. This sum was complemented in Germany, the City of Munich faces particular challenges, especially concerning
by local government resources and infrastructure. Pilot projects such as Smarter Together are part of larger efforts in
money from the business and research Munich to promote forward-looking sustainable urban development, to contribute
communities. to climate targets, and to reduce CO2 emissions.
In 2015 and 2016, alongside Smarter Together, other smart city pilot projects
approx. EUR 20 million began in various areas of the city administration1. The topics included mobility
and logistics, energy, sensor-based intelligent infrastructure, as well as citizen
were invested by the City of Munich to
engagement and services. One of the goals of such projects is to support the
develop its Neuaubing-Westkreuz/Freiham
continuously evolving urban development strategy “Perspective Munich”. This
district by the start of 2021 within the
strategy posits the vision of a “city in harmony” and sets out overarching principles
framework of this EU project alone.
for urban planning and development.
The City Council first adopted the Perspective Munich over 20 years ago. Since
then, in light of the ongoing changes in the city environment, the contents are
assessed for relevance and updated roughly every five years.
1 CIVITAS ECCENTRIC: EU-funded project for sustainable mobility (term 2016–2020) | City2Share: Project
6 in the Federal Ministry for the Environment’s (BMU) “Renewable Mobile” programme (term 2016–2020)
SMARTER TOGETHER IN MUNICH
Neuaubing
Am Westkreuz
Freiham
Project area in Munich
The Munich projects were carried out in the urban renewal district Neuaubing-Westkreuz and
in the newly developed neighbouring district of Freiham in the west of Munich. Neuaubing-
Westkreuz is home to some 23,000 residents with very different socio-economic backgrounds.
The district is dominated by buildings dating from the 1960s and 1970s. Many of the apartment
blocks are in need of thorough modernisation. Neuaubing-Westkreuz is part of Munich’s largest
and at the same time most sparsely populated district. Newly developed Freiham is also part
of the project area. Some 17,000 residential units and infrastructure for 28,000 inhabitants are
being built there.
7 7Citizen Engagement
Citizen engagement is an important success factor in all types of urban development.
However, convincing citizens to engage can pose diverse challenges. Citizens are
primarily interested in the immediate effects on their everyday environment, while
the goal of urban development is to jointly seek new ways to shape the city of the
future. In light of this, it is particularly important that citizens are fully informed about
technologically complex topics.
Involving citizens was therefore an essential component of the Smarter Together project.
The aim was to raise awareness and acceptance of the process on a local level, to impart
basic knowledge about the smart solutions being planned, and to persuade citizens to
actively participate.
8CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT
To achieve these objectives, the Smarter Together team focussed primarily on the
following strategies:
Local public relations work and communication
Using the slogan “Neu Denken” (“Think New”), a multi-media communication
campaign was launched in the project area. Led by the Munich Society for Urban
Renewal (MGS), the campaign ranged from print media and radio to direct mail and
external advertising as well as local events. Throughout the project, public relations
work in the project area was supplemented by press material and the use of online
and social media channels. In this way it was possible to tailor both language and Participation processes and co-design
images to the highly diverse target groups. opportunities are important building
blocks for the success of municipal
projects. After all, an offer is only as
good as it is accepted by the local
Urban Living Lab population. The Urban Living Lab and the
participation formats in Smarter Together
The Urban Living Lab which was specially developed for Smarter Together in
Neuaubing-Westkreuz opened less than six months after the project was launched.
have provided valuable impetus for
It was the key hub for citizen engagement in the project area, functioning as an further work in the project area and other
event and exhibition location as well a citizens’ centre. The Smarter Together areas within the City of Munich.
team wanted to use the lab to interest citizens and other stakeholders in topics
surrounding sustainable, smart urban development, and invited them to express Christian Amlong
their own particular wishes. Informative and entertaining events, including Managing Director MGS
interactive art and media projects, technology exhibitions, and talks were also on
offer. The project managers and experts from the Smarter Together team were
available for public consultation at the urban lab three days a week.
25
co-design workshops on
smart city solutions
technology workshops with
6
around 140 participants
mobility workshops with
5
around 100 participants
more than 4,000
visitors to the
Urban Living Lab
Foyer of the Urban Living Lab
9CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT
Data Consultation Team Involving citizens and interest groups
During the engagement process, As an intensive form of engagement, the Munich Center for Technology in Society
at the Technical University of Munich came up with a co-design process for Smarter
the need to handle collected data
Together. Together with the MGS, the Center organised a series of workshops at
very sensitively was repeatedly
the Urban Living Lab. The co-design workshops offered participating citizens the
emphasised. After the process
chance to integrate their ideas and concerns in the concept and design of the
concluded, locals continued to meet planned infrastructure strategies and thus have a real influence on the process.
regularly with experts as part of a
newly formed “Data Consultation Co-design was carried out with experts from business and research partners, and
Team”. They were kept informed encompassed the planned measures in the areas of technology and mobility. In
about the latest developments and addition, throughout the project, the Smarter Together team set up information
had the chance to make suggestions stands, organised interactive events at various locations in the district, and invited
and requests. citizens to test the new smart services at launch events.
Location of the measures Co-design workshop on data
on the district map
The co-design workshops led to recommendations and wishes from citizens.
▶ Participants in the design process agreed that technical systems and
infrastructure alone do not make a city an appealing place to live. For this
reason, they recommended designing cities so as to make them service-
Project partners in the field oriented places where people will want to stay.
of citizen engagement
▶ A key topic in the technology workshops was that the planned sensors
should strictly be a means to an end. The collected data should directly serve
the interests of citizens, improve life in the district, and promote more self-
aware behaviour in everyday life.
▶ Participants in the mobility workshops expressed specific desires concerning
new mobility services in the city.
see also p. 42–43
10CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT
Facade of the Urban Living Lab
Presentation of workshop results
Insights
▶ Plan ahead
When it comes to pilot projects, it is advisable to initiate citizen engagement well before the implementation
phase is due to begin, so that the results can be properly incorporated into the project.
▶ Leave room for manoeuvre
Citizen participation is not the right strategy for projects whose objectives have been established down to
the smallest detail. People are more motivated to participate if there is a genuine chance that their ideas
will be incorporated.
▶ Entertain and inform
Participation should be both enjoyable and uncomplicated. Ensuring that formats are both genuinely
informative and easily accessible is the best way to involve a broad sector of the population.
▶ Online and offline formats
A combination of face-to-face and online formats allows more target groups to be involved.
Opportunities for citizens to help design their urban environment will become increasingly important in the
future. Combining digital and analogue offers on the one hand and tailoring communication to specific target
groups on the other can help cities to reach the maximum number of people and encourage participation.
The willingness of citizens to participate rises in tandem with the project’s scope for reacting to suggestions,
the relevance to their lives, and the likelihood of their ideas being implemented.
11Sustainable
Mobility
Mobility is one of the biggest challenges facing modern cities, with respect to both
climate protection and quality of life. One of the aims of future mobility is to reduce
dependency on cars – to replace traffic jams and dissatisfied commuters with quiet,
environmentally friendly mobility services which are efficient in terms of space and
meet people’s transport needs in a flexible way. For this reason, as part of Smarter
Together, a promising innovative mobility concept was tested in Munich in the form
of mobility stations. In the medium-term, these stations offer residents the chance to
adopt more sustainable transport habits.
12SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY
Multimodal mobility stations
Access to new mobility forms should be both appealing and easily accessible
to users in the project. The main idea was therefore to physically pool mobility
services. For this purpose, eight multimodal mobility stations had been installed in
the project area by 2019. These stations combined sharing services and electro-
mobility with traditional public transport provision. Pooling the mobility services in
this way ensures they are both highly visible and easy to find. Mobility stations also
make it possible to re-shape public spaces and make them more attractive.
The stations offer various services for various transport purposes: bicycles (MVG
Munich will continue to grow, and so will
Rad), e-bikes (MVG eRad), utility e-trikes (MVG eTrike) and e-cars (STATTAUTO).
mobility requirements in our city. To meet
The stations also have the appropriate charging infrastructure as well as a digital
information point with an interactive touch screen to enable users to directly
the rising demand, we need suitable services
experience the connection between the physical and digital worlds of mobility. beyond private car ownership. Combining our
At two of the stations also district boxes were installed, which facilitated a 24- traditional transport services with innovative
hour delivery, shopping, and exchange service. These boxes can serve as a central solutions for individual needs represents
storage or transfer point for all sorts of goods and thus help, for example, to reduce one interesting option. The eight e-mobility
delivery traffic in the area. The co-design workshops played a role in deciding where stations in the Smarter Together project
to install the mobility stations. In this way, the Munich mobility stations provide a area are a part of this. We gained important
physical platform for innovative services in the area of mobility and logistics. It is insights during the test phase, concerning
conceivable that additional service offers, including from third parties, could be issues such as usage, the desires of our
integrated in the future. customers, and also financing.
Ingo Wortmann
Head of the Munich Transport
Corporation (MVG).
8
mobility stations
40
MVG bikes
24
MVG eBikes
20
MVG eTrikes
Mobility station Freienfelsstraße
Alongside the physical pooling of services, there is also a digital platform in the
10
e-cars from STATTAUTO
form of the Munich app. This app allows people to access the mobility services
offered by MVG and STATTAUTO, as well as e-car charging services, and to book
the services from the respective providers. Payment can be made via the M-login,
which allows for services from Munich City Utilities and the City of Munich to be
paid for using just one customer account.
16
charging stations for
electric cars
13SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY
Utilisation of the mobility services
Awareness of the mobility stations in the project area is high:
Almost two thirds of participants in a representative survey in the project district
knew, for example, about the station at Westkreuz1. This indicates successful citizen
engagement and information campaigns as well as the stations’ clear visibility in
the city.
Mobility stations are a suitable way of promoting intermodal and multimodal
mobility: The three mobility stations in the project area which by far enjoyed the
Opening of the mobility station most use were those at busy S-Bahn (suburban train) stations (Aubing, Westkreuz,
at Westkreuz
Neuaubing): 63 percent of the total amount of MVG bike rentals and 50 percent of
car-sharing rentals in the project area took place at these locations.
Shared mobility becomes part of everyday life:
MVG bikes in the project area were primarily used during afternoon rush hour and
at weekends. This shows that the shared mobility system became part of the
everyday transport habits of at least some residents. The use of car sharing also
grew continuously over the project period.
E-bikes are particularly suited to medium-distance or longer journeys:
At present, the MVG e-bike is only available in the Smarter Together project area and
in the inner-city pilot project City2Share2. The majority of journeys took place within
the respective project area, although the bikes were rented considerably less often
than conventional MVG bikes, presumably as the latter are perfectly adequate for
Electric car from STATTAUTO
shorter journeys without the benefits offered by electricity.
Safety issues Worthwhile expansion of services:
MVG bikes in the project area are used for both short trips to start or finish off a
journey or to reach nearby destinations and are also rented to reach more distant
New urban services attract attention,
destinations. In 2019, two thirds of journeys were within the project area, while a third
and unfortunately not all of it is positive.
brought users to other city districts, despite the fact that there were no possibilities
They can also fall victim to vandalism. In
to hire or return the bikes in districts immediately surrounding the project area.
the project this was a particular problem Expanding the service into suburbs could enable further climate-friendly and space-
with the MVG e-trike. This indicates that saving mobility.
even prototypes in a clearly defined and
well-informed project area must be highly Conventional cars still more popular than e-cars in the city:
developed and as vandalism-proof as In 2019, the average number of electric cars rented in Smarter Together was only a
possible. third of the number of combustion engine cars rented from STATTAUTO in the inner-
city project area of City2Share. This is due to the lower range and the ongoing lack
of familiarity with charging electric cars at public charging stations. Also, there were
no previous car-sharing offers in the Smarter Together project area, meaning that
residents had to gradually get used to the service. In 2020, however, it was possible
to considerably reduce the gap between electric and combustion engine car use at
Project partners in the some stations.
field of mobility
Promising, but with room for improvement:
The district box attracted considerable interest among Munich’s citizens, as shown
by market research and the numbers who signed up to use the service. However,
during the brief project period, user numbers failed to match expectations (more
information on p. 29).
1 Source: Household survey by Omnitrend GmbH on behalf of the Department of Urban Planning and Build-
ing Regulation 2019: The household survey of residents in three different Munich pilot districts (Smarter
see also p. 42–43
Together, Civitas Eccentric and City2Share) will be further assessed in 2021.
2 The project City2Share put innovative mobility and delivery service concepts into practice in select-
14 ed districts in the centre of Munich (term 2016–2020).SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY
The MVG eTrike
At the start of the project, there were no shared mobility service providers
for electric utility bikes on the market. A prototype developed as part of
Munich’s smart city project CIVITAS ECCENTRIC was therefore used.
Smarter Together was the first opportunity to see how the MVG eTrike
worked in reality. Making such a prototype a fixed element of the mobility
stations was an ambitious undertaking. Constructing the bikes for the
project area, setting up charging infrastructure, conducting multiple tests,
solving teething problems and implementing communication strategies
was a time-consuming process. MVG eTrike
Smarter Together project area
The Smarter Together project area in a settled district in the west of
Munich is not typical for pilot projects relating to smart mobility. New
mobility services are generally initially tested and used by people with
a particular interest in innovation and digitalisation. They tend to live in
more densely populated, inner-city areas. Residents’ needs for alternative
mobility solutions also play an important role in pilot projects. In the
project area many people have access to a private car (80 percent of
the household survey respondents said that they own a car1) and finding
parking spaces is not a problem. However, the Smarter Together project SWM charging station
dealt with and integrated various smart city elements and the project area
was chosen according to wide-ranging criteria.
Insights
Smarter Together did a lot of ground-breaking work in the area of sustainable mobility, and valuable insights were
gained.
▶ Designing and developing innovative mobility services in public spaces requires more than just good ideas,
market knowledge, and straightforward product development. New services also mean new tasks and require
organisational changes. In the case of highly complex integrated mobility, this particularly affects cooperation and
administrative processes.
▶ To make sure that mobility stations are successfully available, it is also essential to devise and maintain a complete
and efficient operating concept.
▶ This includes integrating digital elements of the project and linking them to an app for accessing the services, as
well as providing support via customer management, marketing, and communication strategies.
▶ The use of new mobility systems needs to be learned. Time and information are required for these systems to
become part of citizens’ regular lives and to reach their full potential.
The basic political desire to establish more mobility stations in Munich was already clearly expressed in
the City Council resolution “Shared Mobility” of July 2019. The resolution calls for the wide availability of
various environmentally friendly and connected modes of transport, including in the suburbs. A resolution on
implementation and a specific strategy for further development is planned for 2021.
1 Source: Household survey by Omnitrend GmbH on behalf of the Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation 2019. 15Refurbishment
and Renewable
Energy
More than one third of all end energy in Germany is consumed domestically, above all for
heating and warm water1. Even if only energy-efficient houses are built in the future, every
city would still have older buildings which fall far short of modern standards and require
refurbishment. However, where consumption is high, there is also great potential to save. For
this reason, the socially compatible refurbishment of residential buildings was an important
cornerstone of Smarter Together. The aim was to make the buildings more energy-efficient and
to use more renewable energy to supply heat and electricity.
1 Source: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, 2020
16REFURBISHMENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
During the project, various measures were implemented which might help to
establish long-term refurbishment strategies for existing buildings in the future.
Specifically, the City of Munich aimed to:
▶ refurbish the energy systems of a total of 42,000 m² of living space to a
high standard,
▶ further increase the proportion of renewable energy used to supply heat The refurbishment of residential
and electricity,
buildings is a central component of the
▶ raise citizens’ awareness of energy-saving behaviour and a healthy
climate protection efforts of the City of
indoor climate,
Munich. We are therefore very pleased
▶ connect more buildings to the district heating system and use the
virtual power plant to offer property owners an appealing way to access that within the framework of Smarter
their renewable energy. Together, a whole series of residential
buildings could be refurbished to a very
high standard. Especially in the area of
shared ownership associations with their
complex decision-making structures this
Neuaubing-Westkreuz is dominated by buildings dating from the 1960s and 1970s.
is a valuable experience that can be can
Many of these buildings are in need of modernisation due to their age and condition.
be built on in other areas as well.
A particular challenge for the Smarter Together team was that the apartment blocks
in need of refurbishment are mostly in the hands of shared ownership associations
(WEG). Although structural procedures concerning the refurbishment of residential Gerda Peter
buildings is essentially the same irrespective of the form of ownership, the rate Managing Director MGS
of refurbishment among shared ownership associations is below the German
average. One reason for this lies in the complex decision-making structures.
Refurbishment Consulting Refurbishment Roadmap Concept for refurbishment
and renewable energy.
Photovoltaics Refurbishment Smart Home DATA Smart Data Platform
INDOOR AIR TEMPERATURE
AND HUMIDITY,
BUILDING DATA
Battery Storage Unit Energy Grid /
& Virtual Power Plant District Heating
17REFURBISHMENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
200,000 m
Which plans were implemented?
2
of living space energetically examined The strategies for creating a future low-energy district in the Smarter Together
project area were based on several core components: In addition to refurbishing
energy systems, the aim was to ensure that the district’s energy supply includes a
>42,000 m2
high proportion of renewable energy. Citizens should also be made more aware of
energy-saving behaviour.
energetically refurbished living space
3.6 %
refurbishment rate in 2020
Energetic Refurbishment
Refurbishment Consulting
Across Germany, the rate of refurbishment
is about 1% per year. It would be neces- The Munich society for urban redevelopment (MGS) is the go-to expert for questions
sary to modernise the energy systems of concerning urban development and the refurbishment of buildings. The MGS team
of specialists promotes energy modernisation by providing in-depth consultation
at least 2% of buildings per year to reach
to property owners. Munich offers comprehensive and free consultation to owners
the national climate protection targets.
in selected redevelopment areas1 to help them make the often complex decision
to commit to an energy-efficient refurbishing. Consultation in the project area was
further intensified during Smarter Together. After thoroughly assessing the building,
KfW 100 Rate of refurbishment in %
the project team provided expert advice on measures for the building’s exterior,
2014—2018 1.95 modernisation of the heat supply system, and the integration and expansion of
renewable energy use.
2019 3.15
2020 3.60 By modernising their buildings, owners can significantly reduce energy costs in the
future. One precondition (also for attractive funding terms) is that refurbishment
Last updated: September 2020, data must deliver KfW Efficiency Status 100. The aim was to make refurbishment more
including a refurbishment baseline of 1%
economically viable for private owners while giving due consideration to social
(source: MGS)
aspects and, by so doing, also work towards climate targets.
Refurbished buildings in the redevelopment area.
1 In Germany a redevelopment area means a clearly defined area in which a community (cities, municipal-
ities, also villages) carries out “urban redevelopment measures ”. To this end, the community adopts an
official redevelopment regulation in accordance with Article 142 of the German Federal Building Code
(BauGB).
18REFURBISHMENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
Thanks to increased local consultation during the Smarter Together project, the
MGS team analysed the energy systems of more than 2,000 residential units
comprising a total of more than 200,000 square metres. This corresponds to
around one third of the total living space in the project area. The analyses helped
bring about the desired result. Within the project period, the energy systems of
more than 42,000 square metres of living space were modernised. The local rate
of refurbishment rose continuously throughout the project: Each year from 2014
to 2018, almost 2 percent of living space in the district Neuaubing-Westkreuz was
refurbished to a high standard. In 2019, the figure rose above 3 percent and it
reached 3.6 percent in 2020.
Refurbishment roadmap
Based on its in-depth consulting experience, the MGS collaborated with the
Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics (IBP) and other partners to develop a
Refurbishment consulting
roadmap for sustainable project management for renovating the energy systems
of buildings under shared ownership. The roadmap contains well-researched
recommendations and innovative approaches to designing the refurbishment
process in the context of the challenges specifically faced by shared ownership
associations when initiating, planning, and implementing extensive refurbishment
measures. It can be downloaded free of charge.
Download
Refurbishment
Roadmap
Energy from Knock-on effect of energetic
photovoltaic systems refurbishment
covers up to 20,000 kWh
of annual The property of the shared ownership
energy needs association on Radolfzeller Straße 40–46
was one of the first to be refurbished
90% during the Smarter Together project. With
renewable energy the help of funding and an intelligent
for heat financing strategy, it was possible to
implement the energy-saving measures
concerning the building exterior and
energy systems and to install the
photovoltaic system to meet energy
requirements without having to raise
home owner’s association fees. The
knock-on effect was considerable, with
other shared ownership associations then
End energy: deciding to modernise their buildings.
Savings of
more than 20%
19REFURBISHMENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
District heating Expanding renewable energy use
The geothermal heat station in
Photovoltaic systems and district heating
Freiham, which was built by the
Munich City Utilities (SWM) in 2017,
To increase the proportion of renewable energy used in the project area, the
draws on a 90°C source at a depth refurbishment consulting service also focused on the installation of photovoltaic
of some 2,500 metres and with an systems and connecting buildings to the local geothermal district heating systems.
output of 100 litres per second. 13 The project offered financial support and advice to owners who were interested in
megawatts of this locally obtained integrating regenerative energy systems for heat and electricity into their buildings.
heat are fed into the city-wide
district heating network by the SWM. One of the shared ownership associations in the project as well as additional
Buildings in the project area which private owners chose to install photovoltaic systems. During the project, the City
are connected to the district heating of Munich also installed such equipment in two pre-school facilities and three
system can thus benefit from a schools. They provide a total of 219 kilowatt-peak (kWp) in energy, thus exceeding
virtually carbon-neutral heat supply. the initial Smarter Together target of 109 kWp. Moreover, twelve buildings were
connected to the district heating system during the project period, rather than the
initially planned ten.
Battery storage unit and virtual power plant
As part of Smarter Together, the Munich City Utilities began operating a new battery
storage unit. The unit, which has an output of 800 kilowatts (kW) and a capacity of
1,000 kilowatt hours (kWh), was constructed in 2018. It is an important component
of the SWM’s virtual power plant. The virtual power plant connects the various
energy supply systems and electricity consumers to each other. Intelligent energy
management controlled by the virtual power plant’s operations centre enables
excess electricity to charge up the battery storage unit at short notice and then
discharge it again in response to demand. The battery storage unit thus contributes
to stable power grid operations by balancing out short-term deviations between the
supply of and demand for electricity.
In addition, it is deployed as a neighbourhood storage unit with a view to increasing
the use of energy from renewable sources. Power plants in the project area which
do not have their own power store can be linked to the battery storage unit via the
virtual power plant.
Battery storage and geothermal
heat station
Raising awareness
1,000 kWh
capacity of As part of the Smarter Together project, 400 “smart home” sets and a corresponding
new battery storage app from project partner Securitas were available free of charge to residents in the
project area in order to raise awareness of energy-saving behaviour and a healthy
219 kWp
indoor climate.
output via Installed in the home, these smart home sets helped residents create healthy,
photovoltaic systems comfortable living conditions. To do so, the sets collected temperature and
humidity data. Via an app, they then gave users tips on energy-saving heating
and ventilation behaviour with no loss of comfort. By adapting one’s individual
behaviour, it was possible to reduce consumption of heat energy by up to 15
percent while maintaining a healthy, feel-good indoor climate.
20REFURBISHMENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
Despite significant interest, the solution was not taken up to the degree expected. Project partners
Only around 50 smart home systems were installed and put into operation. For in the field of energy
future services of this kind, it is recommended that residents’ needs are established
in advance in order to tailor solutions to specific target groups. Nevertheless, it was
possible to link data from the smart home sets to the smart data platform. This
enabled the data to be used when operating the data platform and for monitoring
purposes.
Photovoltaic system Radolfzeller Straße
see also p. 42–43
Insights
▶ Increasing the rate of apartment refurbishment to over 2 percent is realistic.
In order to increase the rate of refurbishment, it would be beneficial to offer in-depth support to owners
throughout the process, from initial consultation through to the operating phase. When it comes to shared
ownership associations, refurbishment and modernisation is challenging on an organisational, technical, legal,
and financial level. Funding for consultation services by the City of Munich provides support to owners and
encourages them to come on board, while easily accessed initial consultation is an important first step for
making contact.
▶ Funding for the refurbishment of residential buildings is important and available.
Funding, whether on a national or European level, plays a major role in incentivising owners to modernise their
property. On the one hand, funding helps to motivate, and on the other it also enables measures which would
otherwise not be financially viable. Up to 50 percent of the costs can be covered by funding. Shared ownership
associations need property-specific advice and support to obtain funding.
▶ Photovoltaic systems can also be adopted by shared ownership associations.
Meeting energy needs using renewable energy is a challenge when it comes to older buildings, while it is
relatively straightforward in new buildings. To improve the uptake of photovoltaic installations in older buildings,
reducing restrictive regulations in this area would be a big help.
▶ The first refurbishment process in a district can set a positive example.
After the successful refurbishment of Radolfzeller Straße 40–46, under shared ownership, interest rose among
other local shared ownership associations.
Modernising buildings’ energy systems and connecting them to renewable sources of heat and electricity can be
an important step on the path to climate neutrality 2035.
21Data and Services
Data is key to the smart city of the future: What data is actually available? How is it collected and
stored? And how can the city use it to create value for citizens? One of the major objectives of Smarter
Together was to help Munich find answers to these questions. The aim was to start a process in the
city’s administrative organisations which would help the full potential of intelligent data processing
to be exploited in the future.
22DATA AND SERVICES
In pursuit of these goals, the Smarter Together team examined the topic of data
from various angles. One aspect looked at data collection and how innovative
ideas and technologies could be put to use to add to existing data. Another aspect
involved creating a platform to collect and connect the city’s data and then evaluate
the data to create value for society. The integrated, cross-departmental approach
was particularly significant in this area.
Smart lamp posts and smart city sensors Smart city deals with a broad range
of topics and IT makes an important,
To help with data collection certain streets in the city were transformed into cross-sector contribution to the
“real labs”. For this purpose, 60 smart lamp posts were installed in the project process. Smarter Together allowed us
area and equipped with various sensors. The data provided by the lamp posts is to gain experience in innovative topics
transferred with other data from the project to a central smart data platform – with and develop wide-ranging knowledge.
due consideration given to data privacy. One important aim was to test the general I am delighted if Munich can push the
suitability of these lamp posts as IoT1 data sources with respect to the use of development of important, forward-
sensors and the necessary accompanying infrastructure and to gain experience looking topics and other regions can
in this area. benefit from it. I therefore see the
smart city of the future as a thoroughly
The lamp posts, which were newly constructed for the project, all have a separate
modern, sustainable, and connected
second power supply for sensors and actuators and, in some cases, are directly
city with numerous digital innovations.”
connected to the internet. This meant that free public wireless LAN hotspots
(“M-WLAN”) could be provided and various sensor types could be installed and
Thomas Bönig
continuously operated. Drawing on the results of the co-design workshops (see
Head of IT Department,
p. 10) with residents in the project area, the Smarter Together team decided to
City of Munich
test sensors on the lamp posts which measure data on air quality, weather, the
management of parking spaces, and traffic levels. Smarter Together held two
innovation competitions known as “open calls” to find suitable sensors.
Thanks to consistent interdisciplinary cooperation from an early stage among all
participants, as well as a common objective across all departments, the smart
lamp posts were designed, constructed, and put into operation on schedule.
Smart data platform
For the purpose of collecting and analysing all the data recorded during Smarter
Together, a smart data platform was designed, created, and operated throughout
the project. It was intended to serve as a prototype for a general city data platform
and enable the exemplary development of analyses and visualisations of the data
obtained during the project. The aim was to develop and test new digital services
for the city’s experts and citizens.
Munich is committed to achieving a healthy balance between smart technologies
and practical solutions to everyday problems. The emphasis is on quality rather
than quantity. Smarter Together only collected data which has direct use for the
city itself or its citizens. Data protection and data security were of paramount
importance.
Smart lamp post (Limesstraße)
1
IoT – Internet of Things: The term denotes “smart” objects which are connected both to one another and
externally to the internet.
23DATA AND SERVICES
Data Gatekeeper
A further project aim was to describe the main approaches to dealing
with smart city data, and the processing and saving of this data,
and the requirements a city must meet when doing so. In this way,
the “data gatekeeper” concept arose: This paper contains extensive
recommendations, details of experience and guidelines on dealing with
data in a responsible manner in the context of smart cities, and will serve
as a valuable reference point for future similar projects in Munich and
elsewhere.
Transparency Dashboard
As a showroom for the Munich smart data platform, the Transparency
Dashboard gave citizens or anyone who was interested a clear overview of
what data was being collected in the project and how it was processed. It
showed which data sources were integrated, what measures were taken to
protect data and privacy, and for which applications certain data was used.
Transparency Dashboard
Starting in 2018, data collected in the project was stored at the central smart data
platform. Particularly important to Munich was the possibility of linking various
internal and external data sources so as to create value for the participating city
departments and make previously hidden connections visible.
SECURE, TRANSPARENT
Smarter Together technology DATA SUPPLY DATA USAGE
DATA HANDLING
and data concept (GDPR-CONFORM)
Mobility Open Data Portal
• Usage Data City of Munich
Transparency-
Dashboard
Energy
• Smart Home Munich SmartCity App
• Building Data
API
Lamp Posts
with Sensors
• Local Weather Data Smart Data Platform Analysis Dashboard
• Air Quality
• Traffic Flow
• Parking Space Detection
Open Data
Internal Project
• depending on context: Monitoring
other existing data
Data Gatekeeper Concept
24DATA AND SERVICES
Munich app
In the wide-ranging citizen engagement process a “neighbourhood app” was
requested which would make it possible to find and book all new and existing
services in a district. This led to an idea which went beyond the Smarter Together
project and will continue to be available to the entire Munich society in the future:
The creation of a central point of access to – as far as possible – all digital services
which Munich can offer its citizens.
For this purpose, during the Smarter Together project the existing Munich app
was further developed while additional steps included integrating smart services
from the city’s departments and subsidiaries. These include an extensive mobility
service which covers the entire public transport area, from e-scooters to car sharing
and e-charging stations.
The new interactive map provides a detailed overview of local transport options
as well as interesting places such as restaurants, tourist sights, and events in a
particular area. Selected information from the smart data platform, such as data
from the intelligent lamp posts, is also incorporated in the app. Additional services
are added on an ongoing basis.
Thanks to close and trust-based cooperation with all participating departments
and in particular the city’s subsidiary organisations, it was possible to use the
existing structures of the Munich app as a basis for integrating innovative smart The Munich app
city aspects and successfully putting them into operation.
Since early 2018, the revamped Munich app with integrated smart city functions
has been available as a free download for iOS and Android devices.
Download
Munich app
City Monitoring >550,000
app downloads by the end of 2020
The long-term monitoring of selected key data for the purpose of further
urban development is known as city monitoring. The intelligent use of
such data provides cities with new potential for knowledge and managing
their environment. In this way, cities can find more efficient and better Project partners in the
solutions to existing urban challenges such as climate change and field of data and services
scarcity of space.
Smarter Together made it clear that digital city monitoring allows for
greater efficiency, cost savings, and improved urban planning quality.
The targeted collection of monitoring data can be key to dealing with
contemporary urban challenges. In order to create a wide-ranging, modern
monitoring system for the city, relevant issues need to be assessed,
legal and technical requirements established, and finally a purpose-built
platform needs to be operated and managed.
see also p. 42–43
25DATA AND SERVICES 3 real labs 60 lamp posts 4 types of sensors Lamp posts in the project area (Bodenseestraße) 26
DATA AND SERVICES
Insights
▶ Smart lamp posts for selected locations
Creating the necessary infrastructure (ground preparation, laying cables and fibres) to install smart
lamp posts is a complex task which, depending on the particular requirements, can prove very
costly. It therefore makes sense to place such lamp posts at carefully selected locations, rather than
all throughout the city.
▶ Integrated data platform
In its role as an important IT component in a smart city, it is vital that a smart data platform is based
on well-established technical standards so as not to be dependent on particular manufacturers.
Such a platform must be capable of integrating existing IT infrastructure and connecting internal
and external smart city stakeholders via standard interfaces as well as security concepts with one
another. As part of this process, it makes sense to specify a series of standard applications for
all users and make them centrally available as part of the smart data platform (e.g. visualisation
components, analysis modules, API management). In the medium term, the aim is to make the
available smart city data accessible to all participating stakeholders via a central platform which
functions as a data hub.
▶ Culture of data exchange
Making (internal and external) data available can be a demanding task due to legal and
organisational requirements. Although almost all parties agree that data will play an important role
in how cities act in the future, the culture of sharing data is not yet widespread. Debate tends to
focus on data protection, issues of legal responsibility, and how up to date and specific the data is.
These topics require close examination in order to enable an open and comprehensive exchange of
data down the line.
Huge amounts of data are created and processed in cities every day. A coordinated approach to
the collection, quality assurance, and analysis of this data presents cities with major challenges.
Cities need to discover which data is required and collected in the various city departments, and
also identify ways to connect the various data in a beneficial manner. The Smarter Together project
in Munich helped to lay the foundation for such an approach. Follow-up projects such as the Digital
Twin1 or Connected Urban Twins2 are already in the process of further developing and putting into
practice the insights gained in the initial project.
1
Project of the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (see also p. 36 “The Bigger Picture”).
2
“Connected Urban Twins (CUT) – Urban Data Platforms and Digital Twins for Integrated Urban Development and
Digitalisation”, project of the Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community. 27REMARKABLE
Motivational film Award: “Best Infra- Smart City
on refurbishing structure Project 2019” Guidance Package
The Smart City Guidance Package
To encourage property owners to (SCGP), published in 2019, detailed
think about energetic refurbishment Smarter Together won an the experience and insight which
in their buildings, the Smarter award at the 18th e-government participating cities, companies,
Together project included the competition. The award was given citizens, research institutes, and
creation of the film “Die Sanierung, for the use of urban lamp post organisations gained from smart
die energetische”, which both infrastructure to implement “real city projects. The publication aims
asks and answers many important labs” in the city. By linking local to help with the integrated planning
questions on the topic. The real-time information via a central and implementation of future
15-minute film takes a close, honest, data platform, data can provide smart city and energy-efficient
and occasionally light-hearted look real value for urban development, projects. Common situations are
at the broad topic of refurbishment. administration, and the general described and practical examples
The owners of a building whose public. The award was presented are provided. The experiences of
energy system was successfully at the Future Congress in Berlin in Munich’s smart city experts also
modernised during the Smarter May 2019. informed the publication.
Together project also speak about
their experience in the film.
The film
on YouTube
Open calls for
urban innovations
The Smarter Together team was faced with the challenge of finding innovative sensors
to test on the smart lamp posts, without being able to specify in advance exactly
what the solutions should be. The team therefore decided to involve external experts
in designing the solutions. Instead of requesting individual sensors with specific
functions, an innovation competition was held to search for comprehensive, topic-
specific solutions. The broad nature of the task allowed start-ups and companies
to add their own aspects and contribute ideas. An expert jury then compared and
judged the proposals according to predefined criteria. It was thus possible to integrate
solutions into the project at short notice and for a limited period.
The sensors used in the Smarter Together project were sought via two open calls with
the focus on sensor-based solutions for weather data, air quality, traffic, and parking
space management. This new tool has now also been used outside Smarter Together,
for example to look for innovative apps for the City of Munich.
28REMARKABLE
“Interaktivraum” in Cooperation The book
the Urban Living Lab with start-ups to the project
From October to December 2017,
Interaktiv, the Munich network
for media competence, had its
own interactive space for media
and culture in Munich for the first The city administration can benefit
time as part of Smarter Together. greatly from cooperation with start-
Together with locals, the community’s ups. However, both sides have to be The book “Smart City: Innovationen
strategies and options for meeting flexible and accommodating in the way für die vernetzte Stadt – Ges-
the challenges and exploiting the they work. Government organisations chäftsmodelle und Management”
opportunities of digitalisation were need to be aware, for example, that (“Smart City: Innovations for the
tested. Over just ten weeks, a total products from young companies are Connected City – Business Models
of 62 events for more than 1,000 likely to evolve during a multi-year and Management”), published in
participants took place at the urban project. Given the tendency towards 2018, looks at issues relating to
lab in Neuaubing-Westkreuz as long-term planning in a city, working smart cities. The authors examined
well at other local locations. These with a healthy mix of established and the strategies and tools used in
diverse and free events were aimed at young companies often proves to be the Smarter Together lighthouse
children and youths, pupils, parents, the best way forward. cities Lyon, Munich, and Vienna,
as well as at skilled workers and as well as the business models
interested citizens. of participating companies. The
book provides clear and practical
answers to these and many other
questions.
The district box system
The district box is a typical platform product: The more suppliers who are on
board, the greater the appeal for customers and vice versa. Another factor is
the significant initial cost for major suppliers (IT connection, staff training). A
critical mass for each factor must be reached in order to successfully operate
the boxes.
Small, local shops have the opportunity to use the district box without high
entry costs. They could make direct, individual arrangements with their
customers. The project has not yet been able to create sufficient interest
in using new and to some degree unconventional solutions. As a next step,
it could be worth investigating whether a central digital marketplace would
make it easier for local retailers to start using the service.
After the successful construction, fewer
service providers than expected showed When Smarter Together was launched, the market for food delivery services in
interest in regularly delivering products to the Germany looked highly promising. Since then, the situation has changed and
project’s two district boxes during the pilot several service providers are withdrawing from the market. Various business
phase. Among others, this was due to the models and other locations should therefore be considered with respect to
following reasons: replication.
29You can also read
