The Arup Journal Issue 2 2020
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Issue 2 2020 The Arup Journal
Contents
4 Tai Kwun, Hong Kong 34 O ∙ PARK1, Hong Kong
Preserving heritage in a busy metropolis By converting food waste into energy,
Florence Lam, Andrew Lawrence, James this plant helps to create a healthier
Sze, Paul Tsang, Young Wong, Gabriel future for Hong Kong
Yam, Nina Yiu
David Pegg, Michelle Shun
14 UNSW Science and Engineering 40
Harvey Milk Terminal 1, SFO,
Building, Sydney, Australia San Francisco, USA
Creating a world-class space for Sustainability was built into every step of
science and the arts this major terminal expansion
Rob Fleury, Ben Moore, Andrew Pettifer, Raj Daswani, Raphael Sperry,
Stefan Sadokierski Byron Thurber
20 T
he Christie Proton Beam Therapy 48 Connswater Community
Centre, Manchester, UK Greenway, Belfast, UK
A safe and welcoming cancer treatment Providing flood protection while
centre has patients foremost in mind every developing improved green spaces
step of the way for the local community
Nick Ashby, Hywyn Jones, Dave Pitman Carol Andrews, Chris Caves,
Reuben Lucas
28 LocHal, Tilburg, Netherlands
A once-empty former industrial space has
been rejuvenated as a gathering place for the
entire community
Simone Collon, Rob Verhaegh, Babette
Verheggen, Mathew Vola
LocHal, Tilburg, Netherlands: Arjen Veldt Fotografie
2 2/2020 | The Arup Journal 3
TAI KWUN | HONG KONG
Tai Kwun, the Centre for Heritage and of the site including structural, civil and
Arts, is Hong Kong’s largest ever historic geotechnical engineering, and façade,
building revitalisation project. Arup was lighting, fire, materials and security
instrumental in transforming the city’s consultancy. Through seamless collaboration
former Central Police Station compound, between Arup’s local team in Hong Kong and
with its 170 years of history, into a new conservation experts from the London office,
cultural centre. Refurbishment projects along with specialist conservation architect
are not common in a city where land is Purcell and the local approval authorities,
precious, with old buildings typically the unique historic buildings were
demolished to make way for new successfully retained, repaired and
developments. Standing in sharp contrast strengthened for adaptive reuse.
to the surrounding commercial towers in
the Central District, this revitalisation Material investigation
provides a rare publicly accessible The Tai Kwun site is home to some of the
‘courtyard’ in the middle of one of the oldest surviving buildings in Hong Kong.
densest cities in the world. Constructed using traditional Chinese
materials (grey bricks and roof tiles) and
Tai Kwun, or Big Station, was the materials imported from overseas (red bricks
compound’s colloquial name and it was and timber), and using British building
retained as a reminder of the site’s former techniques, it is an early example of the two
usage and its historical importance. Led by cultures coming together. The Barrack Block
The Hong Kong Jockey Club, in partnership was constructed in 1864, the Magistracy in
with the Government of the Hong Kong 1914 and the Police Headquarters was built
Special Administrative Region, the project five years later. The challenge for the project
included the conservation of 16 buildings on team was to preserve the heritage buildings
the site, which collectively form three on the 14,500m² site, making them accessible
declared monuments (the former Central so they could be used for entirely new
Police Station, the former Central Magistracy purposes and ensuring that they met modern
and Victoria Prison), and the addition of two building standards.
landmark buildings designed in collaboration
with architects Herzog & de Meuron. With no record drawings or construction
information about the existing buildings,
Arup’s involvement in the project began in Arup’s team of structural engineers and
2007. The firm provided multidisciplinary material specialists conducted an initial
engineering services for the transformation survey in 2009 to determine the structural
1.
Changing of the guard 1: Formerly Hong
Kong’s Central Police
Station compound, Tai
Kwun is now a centre
for heritage and arts
A Hong Kong landmark has been respectfully renovated and given a new lease of life and purpose 2: Tai Kwun’s Barrack
Block was constructed
in 1864. Police officers
Authors Florence Lam, Andrew Lawrence, James Sze, Paul Tsang, Young Wong, Gabriel Yam and Nina Yiu were trained here
2.
4 2/2020 | The Arup Journal 5
TAI KWUN | HONG KONG
6: The hollow
balustrade bottles were
strengthened to
comply with safety
regulations by infilling
with grout
7: The reinforced
balustrades were
load tested to
code requirements
8: Arup designed steel
arches to structurally
enhance the historical
brick archways
9: The steel arches
provide minimal visual
obstruction, showing
only thin edges
6. 7.
for the methods used to assess materials reflections that would destroy the integrity of for repair. Surface paint was removed and
3. 4. utilised in constructing historical structures the historical fabric. The solution was to damaged portions (due to dampness or
in the city. The experience gained during the strengthen the hollow bottles by infilling termite activity) were replaced by timber
form, condition and material strength. The requirements for the adaptive reuse of heritage Adaptive reuse project is being fed into the next edition of them with grout, doweling the infill at the top with an equivalent strength grade. Paint was
firm worked with the Hong Kong Antiquities buildings in Hong Kong. As most of the existing structures were the Hong Kong Buildings Department’s into the existing granite copping and into the then applied for decoration and protection.
and Monuments Office on agreeing the constructed prior to the development of Practice Guidebook for Adaptive Re-use and brick plinth at the bottom. Solid steel rods
details of the opening-up works during During the investigation, an unusual type of building regulations, it was inevitable that Alteration and Addition Works to Heritage 22mm in diameter were added between the The timber floorboards were removed,
these investigations. reinforcement was discovered within the Arup’s assessment approach would lead to Buildings, due to be released towards the end bottles and a 38mm-diameter solid steel top repaired where possible and returned to site
concrete floor slabs in the Police Headquarters some structural enhancement in order to of 2020. rail installed. The system was load tested to for reinstallation, after which their surfaces
Arup’s London office provided invaluable Block and the Central Magistracy: two meet modern design codes. The critical the current code requirements, allowing the were sanded and protective painting applied.
advice on the properties and treatment of the 5mm-diameter wires were twisted into a mesh principle during restoration was to salvage Barrack Block upgrading works to gain statutory approval. The floors were upgraded to meet the
historical materials such as brick, timber and within the concrete. At the material testing and reuse existing materials where feasible When first constructed, the 19th-century required one-hour fire resistance rating using
cast iron. A rigorous procedure for the laboratory, samples of this twisted wire and, in line with the conservation Barrack Block had three storeys, with a Recycling timber elements fire-rated board, with the structural capacity
material testing and data analysis was reinforcement were demonstrated to have management plan developed for the site, to further floor added in 1905. The block was Timber elements including doors, windows of the existing timber floor joists checked
established, taking into account the buildings’ similar tensile strength to modern reinforcing minimise structural intervention as much as originally used as dormitories for the police; and floorboards were salvaged and reused using the British Standard for structural use
heritage status. The number and locations of bars. Using a ‘first principles’ engineering possible. The methodology adopted meant in its new use as the visitor centre, which where possible. The door leafs and window of timber and verified by in-situ proof load
the material samples taken for testing were approach, combined with statistical analysis that most of the building’s historical fabric, contains retail and restaurants, it has to casements were dismantled and sent off site tests. In retail areas, further steelwork was
chosen carefully so that they would deliver of the test data and appropriate design factors, including granite blocks, floor tiles, accommodate increased loads. To avoid
sufficient data for the statistical analysis while Arup proved the technical viability of reusing ironmongery, facing bricks, and timber overstressing the brick walls, the building
minimising the damage to the building fabric. the existing slabs to avoid extensive doors, windows and floorboards, were was retrofitted with a steel frame constructed
The data gathered was checked for statistical strengthening or recasting of the floor slabs. salvaged and reused. on new foundations. The floors and roof were
outliers before being processed to deliver In the Police Headquarters Block, 80% of the strengthened to provide better restraint to the
characteristic strength values for use in floor slabs were retained, with replacement Since refurbishment is not common in walls under wind loading. This approach
assessment calculations. This is believed to be required in just two rooms – these were in Hong Kong, the collaboration with the allowed the entire structure to be retained.
the first time this statistical approach has been heavily loaded areas where new plant local authorities provided a benchmark
used to demonstrate meeting the statutory equipment was to be located. for subsequent refurbishment projects and A veranda runs along the length of each of
the upper three storeys of the block’s north
façade. These are bordered by bottle
balustrades, which are a prominent visual
element of the building and can be seen from
the parade ground below. As an important
3: The revitalisation included conserving heritage aspect, it was critical to the
16 buildings on the site and adding two new refurbishment that the balustrades be
buildings (20 and 21) retained. However, the structural capacity of
4: Arup found wires 5mm in diameter twisted into the balustrades, the wide gap between the
mesh within the concrete in the Police bottles (greater than 100mm) and the low
Headquarters Block and Central Magistracy overall balustrade height meant they did not
5: Arup retained the buildings’ original structure comply with safety regulations. The easiest
and materials where possible, but devised option would have been to install glazed
replacements where structurally necessary (new panels behind the balustrades, but this was
floor slabs shown in red) rejected because the glass would have caused
5. 8. 9.
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TAI KWUN | HONG KONG
added, spanning between walls to facilitate arched colonnade. Assessment of the arched Fire strategy
the fixing of tenant services, therefore brick piers determined that structural As some features and character-defining
avoiding the need to fix into the existing enhancement was required in order for them elements of the buildings were constructed
timber. Overall, 60% of the timber doors to deal safely with elevated working stresses. over a century ago and could not fully
and windows were reused, with 25% of To minimise visual obstruction of the original comply with the prescriptive requirements of
the timber floorboards salvaged, repaired brick vaulted ceilings, Arup designed steel modern fire safety codes, a site-wide fire
and re-laid. arches that were inserted into the arched engineering approach was adopted to
openings. The steel arches were fabricated formulate alternative safe designs. Using this
Prison buildings using 10mm curved plate welded to recessed strategy, Arup’s Fire Engineering team was
In the west wing of the prison’s D Hall, ribs. These serve as an alternative load path able to successfully preserve the unique
there is a significant surviving portion of the and transfer the weight of the elevation to the heritage features of the buildings without
former radial prison completed in 1862. The foundations. Visually, the steel arches appear compromising the safety of the structures
ground floor was originally designed for as ‘door frames’ with thin visible edges. or of their occupants.
larger cells, before brick walls were added
to create smaller separate cells. To restore Prior to the police station being In the Police Headquarters and the Central
the open-plan layout, the lateral stability of decommissioned, D Hall’s east wing Magistracy, it was not feasible to modify the
the building had to be enhanced, so at the had suffered significant damage due to existing escape staircases to fulfil the
first-floor level Arup devised a new settlement caused by construction activities prescriptive requirements for staircase
diaphragm structure that spans between the nearby. Furthermore, intrusive strengthening 11. construction and minimum exit widths. Arup
gable walls. This involved carefully lifting works had previously been carried out, with proposed a number of solutions using a
the existing granite flagstones, adding a the addition of an external steel frame and soil and enhance ground carrying capacity, combination of specific fire protection
horizontal truss made of flat steel bracing horizontal 32mm-diameter tie rods tying the ground was grouted using microfine 12. systems. Evacuation analysis was conducted
and recasting the existing screed in the cell the building. The façade had been partially cement injected under pressure to depths to compare the evacuation time under a
areas with a 100mm-thick reinforced patched up with cement and had significant of between 3m and 6m below the existing code-compliant design and the proposed
concrete slab. Once completed, this cracks (some in excess of 100mm). As part granite footings. design. This demonstrated that people are
enhancement work was entirely concealed. of the refurbishment, Arup’s Geotechnical able to leave the building more quickly under
team assessed the settlement and designed Canopy, cantilever staircases and clay tiles the new design arrangement because of early
The ground floor features an elegant space a solution to stabilise the ground below the The canopy on the front of the Central warning from the fire detection systems and
consisting of a brick vaulted ceiling and an building. In order to fill the voids in the Magistracy Building was in poor condition the detailed fire safety management plan put
and opening-up works revealed that the in place. This design enabled openness and
support ties had deteriorated considerably. minimised the need for additional fire-rated
With the agreement of the local authority, the doors along the building’s spine corridor,
canopy was removed and replaced with a allowing it to keep its original appearance.
replica canopy consisting of a lightweight
steel frame with a concrete screed. A spreader In the former prison’s B and E Halls,
beam behind the façade anchors the canopy connections between floors were provided by
to the building’s first-floor slab. A glass fibre internal circulation staircases. Prescriptive
reinforced concrete mould was used to ensure code requirements would have resulted in
the new canopy visually matched the original. fixed barriers of at least 450mm depth
suspended from the underside of the ceiling
The existing clay tile roofs on the buildings around the stair voids. However, due to
were refurbished. Initially, these were conservation considerations, neither fixed
removed to allow renovation of the timber 13. smoke barriers nor automatic smoke curtains
roof trusses, with new insulation and a were desirable. To overcome this constraint,
vapour barrier added before the tiles were fast-response sprinkler heads were used, with
refixed. To ensure the existing cantilever computational fluid dynamics modelling
granite staircases were adequate for the 12: Arup designed JC determining their required activation time.
building’s new function, their load capacity Cube’s steel frame so
was verified using in-situ proof load tests. the building would JC Contemporary and JC Cube
have a large column-
Herzog & de Meuron architects created two
free internal space
new buildings for the site, JC Contemporary
13: JC Contemporary’s and JC Cube, which provide space for
reinforced concrete
exhibitions and the performing arts. The new
staircase connects its
two galleries
blocks have reinforced concrete basements
and a steel structure that rises above the
14: Innovative
10: The Central Magistracy Building canopy was historical boundary walls to create galleries
foundation solutions
replaced with a replica canopy, as the original had were needed for the
within the buildings. The overhang results in
deteriorated significantly two new buildings so new gathering spaces below, including a
11: Arup’s fire strategy involved fast response as not to disturb the covered outdoor performance space under
sprinklers, meaning barriers did not have to be adjacent heritage JC Cube where the laundry steps now
inserted into E Hall’s corridor structures provide sheltered tiered seating for visitors.
10. 14.
8 2/2020 | The Arup Journal 9
TAI KWUN | HONG KONG
Arup designed the column-free galleries 15: To reduce the
within the buildings using a system of movement of adjacent Awards
perimeter steel trusses which cantilever buildings caused by
from a central reinforced concrete core. the construction of JC 2018
Two separate ‘boxes’ house gallery floors Contemporary’s Hong Kong Design Centre
that are up to 7m high. The lightweight basement, the struts Grand Award – DFA Design for
were pre-loaded
structural steel frame enables the galleries Asia Awards
to cantilever out, minimising the 16: The new buildings
requirement for new foundations adjacent were founded on 2019
610mm-diameter shaft
to the heritage buildings, and the internal The Association of Consulting
grouted friction H-piles
column-free space provides maximum in pre-bored holes
Engineers of Hong Kong
flexibility for the various exhibitions (shown in blue) ACEHK Annual Award
housed in the buildings.
Hong Kong Green Building Council
The concrete spiral staircase in JC Merit Award in the Green Building Award
Contemporary is an eye-catching visual
element, drawing visitors up from the The Hong Kong Institute of
entrance and connecting the galleries inside Architectural Conservationists
the building. The stair structure was 15. HKICON Conservation Awards – 17.
analysed using GSA static and dynamic Revitalisation category
models and constructed using traditional traditional percussive piles – which could A two-stage grouting process was the wall. A monitoring regime was aluminium bricks made from 100% recycled
timber formwork. A BIM model was used to cause excessive vibration or disturbance – implemented to enhance the ultimate skin Hong Kong Institute of Architects established to track any movement, with a alloy wheels – approximately 56,000 recycled
obtain the accurate setting-out dimensions would have heightened the risk of damage friction of the pile shaft in the completely Special Architectural Award – Heritage & series of monitoring points placed on the alloy wheels were used in total. Arup provided
during construction, with a 3D-printed to the adjacent heritage buildings, which are decomposed granite stratum. This piling Adaptive Reuse buildings, retaining walls and roads advice on materiality, casting options,
model used for the coordination of the founded on shallow footings. In addition, method was proven to incur minimal Award of Merit – Mixed Use Building surrounding the excavation site. connection design and mock-up preparation.
construction joints. A mock-up was the site’s tight spatial constraints prohibited vibration to the adjacent heritage buildings.
constructed on site to agree the special the adoption of the large-size foundation Test piling was carried out on site to verify Hong Kong Institution of Engineers Bespoke façade There are four different variations of
concrete finish. After the formwork was piles that are widely used in Hong Kong. the design, with the piles tested to a peak Structural Division – Heritage Category A bespoke cast aluminium brick façade wraps aluminium bricks, with apertures that range
removed, a needle gun finish was applied load of 18,000kN – three times their Grand Award the new buildings, providing protection from in size from the smallest, where the building
to the concrete surface; this matches the Arup adopted a two-pronged foundation maximum working capacity. This foundation Fire Division – Fire Engineering the intense sun and heavy rains typical of is to be hidden, to the largest, which are
texture of the granite in the existing solution for the two new buildings. The system, with such high working capacity, Grand Award Hong Kong’s subtropical climate. Arup’s placed in front of glazing. The complex
revetment site perimeter walls. team used 610mm-diameter high-capacity was new in Hong Kong at the time, and Façade team worked for over two years on geometry of these different bricks – with each
shaft grouted friction H-piles in pre-bored Arup successfully sought approval from the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Awards for the research and design development, in style having a different pattern, undulation
Innovative foundation solutions holes for the foundations, and underpinned Buildings Department for its use. Cultural Heritage Conservation collaboration with Herzog & de Meuron and thickness – was achieved by using six
With the bedrock beneath the site reaching two buildings (F Hall and Ablutions Block) Award of Excellence and façade contractor Permasteelisa. different die parts, and each brick was refined
a depth in excess of 80m, there were adjacent to JC Contemporary by using shaft The 12m-deep excavation for the basement of Each building is clad in over 4,000 cast in order to enable an efficient cast-and-release
significant challenges when designing the grouted friction mini-piles to minimise the JC Contemporary required careful design and mechanism. This method of production
new buildings’ foundations. The use of impact on these structures. a comprehensive monitoring system, as the created a high-quality pure aluminium surface
work was carried out next to heritage finish, which was necessary to receive the
buildings. Finite element analysis programme unique anodising treatment used to protect
Plaxis was used to simulate the excavation against corrosion.
process in order to predict the movements of
the existing buildings and nearby heritage The shape and dimensions of the aluminium
gravity-retaining walls ahead of construction. bricks – each 1,200mm wide and 300mm
An 813mm-diameter contiguous bored pile deep – echo the size of the granite blocks of
wall was used with a grout curtain adjacent to the existing revetment walls surrounding the
F Hall, with four layers of steel struts site. Connections in between were carefully
supporting the basement excavation. Owing detailed to make them indiscernible to the
to the difference in ground level and public, while keeping them simple enough
surcharge load from F Hall, there were to make installation efficient. The bricks
significant unbalanced forces that the interlock to form the façade and are fixed to
construction process had to take into account. the structure every nine tiers of horizontal
All the struts, except the topmost layer, were bricks. Wind posts are positioned every
pre-loaded to alleviate the movement 3.8m. The system was tested for wind
incurred on the adjacent buildings. 17: The new buildings loading – including typhoon wind forces –
are clad in bespoke and approved by the authorities.
The pile wall functioned as both a temporary cast aluminium brick
pile wall and the permanent wall. Lock-in façades Lighting Tai Kwun
stress in the pile wall throughout the 18: Each brick has The lighting design for Tai Kwun is
temporary basement excavation stage was been anodised to intrinsically integrated with the architecture
carried forward to the permanent design of prevent corrosion and finishes to help weave together the
16. 18.
10 2/2020 | The Arup Journal 11
TAI KWUN | HONG KONG
19: The gallery lighting and the parade ground. Arup carried out 21: A concrete footbridge cantilevers over the
levels are carefully research on the lighting design for similar adjacent Hollywood Road, providing direct
controlled to protect types of historical buildings and, with pedestrian access to the compound
the artwork conservation architect Purcell, developed the 22: Tai Kwun opened to the public in 2018 and had
20: The laundry steps custom-made luminaires for the project. over 3.6 million visitors in the first 12 months
below JC Cube are a These enabled the lighting to be consistent
covered open space with the architectural language of the
that can be used for heritage buildings.
performances
In addition to using LED lighting, energy
consumption is minimised during operation
by using automated lighting control. Time
clocks, light sensors and dimmable
functions that cater for different uses have
been incorporated into the lighting design.
This was one of the sustainability credentials
that helped the project achieve a BEAM
19. Plus Gold rating.
New access and new public space
Buildings and spaces within this once
disconnected compound are now connected
by elegant staircases, link bridges and
discreet structural openings through the
historic buildings, with these openings
created using concrete-encased steel portal
frames. Link bridges cantilever from the
perimeter truss structures in the new
buildings, providing direct access to
the adjacent prison cells in D Hall and E
Hall, which were repurposed as dressing
rooms for the mixed-use performance 21. 22.
venue in JC Cube.
New public entrances have been introduced Authors Project credits Loasby, Benjamin Luk, Hazel Luk, Louis Mak,
around the site, making the previously Florence Lam led the lighting design. She is an Client Hong Kong Jockey Club CPS Limited Melissa Mak, Wendy Mak, Gavin Maloney, Andus
enclosed compound more publicly Arup Fellow, global lighting design leader for Arup Design architect Herzog & de Meuron Mok, Berny Ng, Yiu-Wing Ng, Jeffrey Ngai, Jason
20. accessible. A circulation path was designed and a Director in the London office. Conservation architect Purcell Paget, Jeff Po, Andrew Sedgwick, Ezra
to connect the new public space created in Executive architect Rocco Design Architects Setiasabda, Elvis Sham, Jeff Shaw, Leo Shu, Ken
various forms and spaces. For the two new JC Cube houses an 8m-high multipurpose the old parade ground with the prison yard. Andrew Lawrence led the conservation elements Building services J Roger Preston Siu, Yuanyuan Song, Andrew Sun, Frankie Sze,
buildings, Arup’s lighting designers made auditorium space, over which there is an A concrete footbridge cantilevers 9m over on the project. He is an Associate Director in Management contractor Gammon James Sze, Nelson Tang, Sarah Tattersall, Ka-Lun
full use of the aluminium bricks to express accessible technical grid. Consistent with the busy adjacent Hollywood Road and Arup’s Specialist Technology and Research team Construction Limited To, Vira Tong, Santiago Torres, Anatasia Tsak,
the texture of the façade while providing the overall theme of integrating the lighting forms a vital connection to the site leading and is based in the London office. Civil, façade, fire, geotechnical and structural Kelvin Tsang, Paul Tsang, Victor Wan, Youngky
light. On the roof of JC Contemporary, the and filtering light through the architectural up from the escalators that link the Central engineering, lighting, materials, security and Wanady, Anson Wong, Eric Wong, Evan Wong,
aluminium façade takes on a further fabric, the house lighting for this space is and Mid-Levels districts in Hong Kong. James Sze was the geotechnical discipline security consultancy services Arup: Sally Wong, Stewart Wong, Wai-Hong Wong,
functional form, acting as a solar shading located above the grid, shining through to These interventions mean that Tai Kwun is leader on the project. He is a Director in the Murray Allan, Pino Cao, Roy Chan, Che-Cheong Young Wong Lucy Wu, Gabriel Yam, Matthew
grid designed specifically for the site to give a soft, general light to the space below. a ten-minute walk from the nearest Mass Hong Kong office. Chan, Chris Chan, Henry Chan, Jonathan Chan, Yam, Jacky Yau, Jess Yip, Rex Yu, Ricky Yu,
protect the top-floor gallery from direct The glowing ‘halos’ of light that this creates Transit Railway station. March Chan, Power Chan, Philip Chan, Sam Nathan Zeng, Lyn Zuo.
sunlight. Arup carried out daylighting on the grid are then referenced by spherical Paul Tsang was the Project Director. He is a Chan, Tiffany Chan, Chi-Kin Cheung, Crystal
studies for the gallery. cast-glass LED pendant lighting in the Working on the project for over a decade, Director in the Hong Kong office. Cheung, Eric Cheung, Esther Cheng, Bobo Chow, Image credits
adjacent auditorium lobby, visually Arup has helped to transform and revitalise Al Curry, Sunny Fok, Gordon Fung, Richard Hill, 1, 4–16, 18–21: Arup
Inside the gallery space, the ceiling is connecting these spaces. the colonial-era compound into a vibrant Young Wong led the fire engineering design. He Richard Ho, Timothy Hoggins, Jason Huang, Dave 2, 3: Tai Kwun
characterised by a stretched diffuse cultural hub, preserving its invaluable is Arup’s East Asia Fire Engineering team leader Hui, Van Hung Tran, Anny Ip, Gabriel Kan, Daren 17: Heliservices (HK) Ltd
membrane which filters the incoming The lighting scheme for the outdoor public heritage for public enjoyment and for future and a Director in the Hong Kong office. Ko, Doris Kong, Kin-Kei Kwan, Thomas Kwok, 22: Herzog & de Meuron/Iwan Baan
daylight and creates a diffused ambient routes and spaces was designed to have generations to treasure. It is a shining King-Chak Lai, Alvin Lam, Francis Lam, Jerry Lam,
light for the exhibitions, keeping daylight minimal impact on the surrounding heritage example of heritage conservation work and Gabriel Yam was the Project Manager. He is an Raymond Lam, Tom Lam, Andy Lau, David Lau,
levels within a controlled range and façades while lifting the light level in these has set a benchmark for future revitalisation Associate in the Hong Kong office. Fai Law, Justin Lau, Wai-Lun Lau, Andrew
addressing art conservation requirements. areas at night. It uses simple, low-impact, works in Hong Kong. Since opening in Lawrence, Katherine Lee, Brian Leung, Cherry
At night, electric lighting above the façade-mounted floodlights to light the paths 2018, Tai Kwun has been enthusiastically Nina Yiu led the façade design. She is a Director Leung, Daniel Leung, Ming Lip, Andy Liu, Leona
membrane takes over, maintaining the and give a warm lighting effect in the two welcomed by the public – attracting more in the Hong Kong office. Liu, Lucia Liu, Rui-Bin Liu, Victor Liu, William
ceiling glow in place of daylight. main outdoor spaces – the old prison yard than 3.6 million visitors in its first year.
12 2/2020 | The Arup Journal 13
UNSW SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING BUILDING | SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
Adaptive learning
This new university building houses laboratories and performing
arts areas, with future flexibility built into every aspect
Authors Rob Fleury, Ben Moore, Andrew Pettifer and Stefan Sadokierski
The Science and Engineering against ensuring the building was energy
Building (SEB) at UNSW Sydney is efficient. Arup worked closely with UNSW
the latest addition to the elite physical and the wider design team to deliver a
sciences precinct at the university’s solution that fulfilled both these
Kensington campus. Opened in 2019, requirements: the laboratory spaces can be
the new ten-storey SEB offers ultra- modified, and the building design is
modern research facilities, science sustainable and also integrates with
laboratories, classrooms and pre-existing campus-wide systems. This
multipurpose performance spaces. strategy for adaptability supports the
university’s ongoing research and teaching
The SEB features large internal atria and programme, and helps future-proof the
highly connected spaces, designed to campus. Flexible solutions were also found
encourage users to come together to for the design of the theatre and performance
collaborate and innovate. The building has area located in the basement of the building.
a flexible laboratory core, with modules
arranged around a central service corridor. In collaboration with architects Grimshaw
The facility incorporates 25,000m2 of and contractor Multiplex, Arup provided
research space and is highly adaptable; the multidisciplinary engineering services from
laboratory spaces can be reconfigured with the feasibility phase through to construction.
minimal disruption. Post-build, the firm designed the migration
of laboratories and studios from existing
A critical project requirement was that this campus buildings to the SEB. Arup’s
flexibility of space had to be balanced services included audio-visual and
1: The highly
interconnected spaces
in the SEB are
designed to promote
collaboration
2: The new ten-storey
facility features
laboratory spaces,
classrooms and
performance areas
1. 2.
14 2/2020 | The Arup Journal 15
UNSW SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING BUILDING | SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
multimedia, electrical, fire and mechanical successful completion of this work, Arup Arup developed an early works package for 5: Arup’s SoundLab common manifold exhaust reduced
engineering, laboratory gas and sustainable was commissioned at feasibility stage for the initial stage of the project. This saw the technology was used operational costs, saved considerably on
buildings design, theatre consulting, and the design of the SEB (the completed SEB demolition of several buildings on the site to demonstrate to the space (due to reduced riser requirements) and
vertical transportation. is linked to the Hilmer Building by bridges where it was planned the SEB would be client the active allowed for greater adaptability within the
architecture system it
at each floor level) to develop design options constructed, including the removal of an laboratories. This was the first time manifold
proposed for the
Genesis of project and site preparation for the ventilation of the laboratory spaces. electrical substation that served several performance spaces
fume cupboards had been installed at UNSW.
Arup has worked with UNSW for over The firm was then asked by Multiplex to buildings in the lower campus precinct. The
6: The SEB uses
40 years on projects on their Randwick provide design development of the firm designed a temporary substation to Arup carried out a risk assessment on all the
plant located in
campus. Its most recent work for the mechanical, electrical and laboratory gas continue to supply the surrounding buildings adjoining buildings
chemicals that could enter the manifold
university on the Kensington campus was systems, before being retained in a review while the demolition took place, and then system. This determined that some dedicated
the Hilmer Building for Materials Science role during the design and construction designed the new permanent substation fume cupboards – 16 in total – were required
and Engineering, where the firm provided element of the project. The addition of located in the basement of the SEB. This to deal with chemicals that needed
a peer review of the building services the SEB and Hilmer Buildings was part work required multiple diversions of services individually ducted exhausts, such as
design. This was in addition to independent of UNSW’s 2025 strategy, which aims and a detailed strategy for minimising hydrofluoric and perchloric acid fumes (due
commissioning work that included elements to position the university as a world electricity supply shut-downs to existing to their hazardous corrosive nature), as well
of laboratory fit-out. Following on from the leader in research. buildings in the campus during the transfer. as for the instances where there was a
5. cross-contamination risk between chemicals.
Stakeholders
The new facility brings the Schools of Arup’s design adapted the standard audio- Building has been used for the SEB, saving Supply and exhaust ducting to the laboratories
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, and Arts visual systems to respond to the needs of the plant space, capital costs and the need for was standardised across the lab areas. This
and Media together under one roof (they new space typologies in the SEB, and further extra ongoing maintenance. allowed for maximum versatility in the fit-out
had previously been housed in separate enhanced them. The facility focuses on of laboratory spaces and meant that ducting
buildings). This combination means that the collaboration and self-led research, and the With its high density of fume cupboards and could be pre-fabricated off site. A number of
SEB has a diverse set of requirements, with new interactive audio-visual systems were significant exhaust air requirements, the SEB the laboratories require physical containment
high-level scientific research taking place on set up to facilitate this type of work across the is a mechanically intensive building. Arup with negative pressure relative to the access
some floors and theatre and performance lecture theatres, laboratories and classroom used the International Institute for Sustainable corridor, including some classified to the
spaces located on others. For the wide range spaces. Arup’s Theatre Consulting team also Laboratories’ Labs21 Tool Kit to benchmark second level of containment (PC2). Part of the
of scientific research carried out in the worked with the School of Arts and Media the energy performance of the building and flexibility in the ventilation system and the
facility, there is a mixture of wet and dry to develop the specification for their equipment such as chillers, boilers, pumps servicing is that laboratory modules can be
laboratories, laser laboratories, microscopy performance spaces. This included and fans. In the laboratories, the air flow upgraded to physical containment rated
suites, nuclear magnetic resonance and pilot demonstrating to the client the different ways control incorporates room temperature facilities at a later date if required, with
halls. All these applications require intensive performances in the space could sound using feedback, which means air flow can be kept minimal additional work. Careful design was
servicing to maintain various laboratory the proposed active architecture system. This to a minimum, as the system constantly carried out around the laser laboratories,
conditions – such as temperature control, uses a complex arrangement of microphones assesses the climate. which require tight temperature and humidity
air quality and vibration criteria – and and speakers to recreate different aural control (to within ±1°C) and need specific
support high-specification laboratory environments and was demonstrated using Laboratory design and flexibility access controls to ensure users’ safety.
equipment. Some laboratories also require Arup’s SoundLab and by visiting similar The SEB has seven levels of laboratory
cascading pressurised containment. Located venues previously designed by the firm. space, with over 7,000m2 of wet chemistry Arup worked closely with the laboratory
3. in the basement, the Creative Practice Lab, laboratories and 10,000m2 of office, breakout planner to catalogue the user requirements for
Io Myers Studio and Studio One have their Sustainability credentials and non-laboratory teaching space. The Mark
3: The SEB and
own set of needs. These spaces are designed Arup engineered the building’s layout, central Wainwright Analytical Centre, for example,
Hilmer Building are
connected by bridges
to host performances, video screenings, plant and equipment to contribute to the houses major instrumentation and advanced
at every floor film shoots, cross-media installation works SEB’s energy-efficient operating systems. scientific tools for electron microscopy and is
and rehearsals. High-performing window glazing, good a leading research facility in its field. On each
4: Three user group
workshops were held
levels of thermal insulation and the use of level, the laboratories are positioned adjacent
to get input on the The UNSW estate management team and the bore water for non-potable water supply were to the service corridor, with write-up space
design of the building’s end users provided input on the some of the sustainability initiatives included and offices placed on the building perimeter.
laboratory spaces high‑level laboratory design and the in the design. The existing non-potable water The service corridor provides the flexibility
performance spaces at an early stage of the system on campus was expanded, with a to direct services – such as central gas,
project. Arup worked with UNSW, the plant room for the extended system included nitrogen and argon – into any of the
architect and laboratory planner HDR to in the new building. In addition, Arup was laboratory modules.
carry out three sets of user group workshops able to gain precinct-wide efficiencies
to detail the specific requirements for each through the installation of a combined The laboratory design needed to respond to
laboratory, looking all the time to incorporate chilled-water plant for the SEB and the the many different uses and allow for
adaptability into the design. Solutions had to adjacent Roundhouse Building. The adaptability. Rather than only use fume
be cost-effective, and it was particularly contrasting building needs – with peak loads cupboards individually ducted to a central
critical that the new facilities could integrate typically in the evening in the Roundhouse supply system, the method typically in place
with existing campus-wide systems, entertainment venue and in the morning and elsewhere on campus, Arup designed a
including the building management system afternoon in the SEB – were taken into hybrid system, with a manifold used in
that controls and monitors the mechanical account when developing the system. The conjunction with dedicated cupboards.
and electrical systems. compressed air plant in the adjoining Hilmer Connecting multiple fume hoods to a
4. 6.
16 2/2020 | The Arup Journal 17
UNSW SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING BUILDING | SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
all the laboratories, including equipment and performance, dance and acrobatics in one performances, with shorter reverberation along with manual fire call points and a was used. Arup’s Fire Engineering and facilitated the removal of the requirement for
power and gas supply. This enabled a large facility. Arup’s theatre and audio-visual times preferred for dramatic theatre sprinkler system. Building Services team worked closely on dedicated smoke exhaust in the theatre space.
database to be developed, which was consulting specialists designed improvements performances to promote speech the system, which distributes air vertically Like the laboratories, there are no smoke
integrated with the BIM model to facilitate for the studios including the introduction of intelligibility. This system allows the creative The fire engineering strategy was to split the through the whole stair. detectors in the theatre spaces. Special effect
coordination and to automatically generate foyer screens, paging systems and upgraded possibilities of the space to expand building into three horizontal two-hour fire smoke is often used, so thermal detection,
room data sheets. All the design team worked amenities to ensure a seamless experience for significantly beyond a small black box compartmentation zones. This meant fire While the occupants of the laboratory areas along with a sprinkler system, was installed.
in this 3D environment. The model was issued patrons and stagehands. theatre. Actors and musicians get the separation was not required between the typically are familiar with the space, the
to Multiplex, which developed it further in opportunity to hear what it sounds like to laboratory and office space, enabling good theatre requires a different fire strategy to World-class facilities
order to produce the workshop drawings. For the Io Myers Studio, the firm designed an play or perform in a large hall – this is visual connectivity between these areas. reflect its use as a public venue, with users The UNSW 2025 strategy sets out the
active architecture system that uses electro- crucial to the development of musicians Similarly, the centrally located open less likely to be accustomed to the layout. university’s commitment to carrying out
Multipurpose performance spaces acoustic enhancement to increase the and performers. circulation stair running through the building The venue hosts events that often occur out world-leading research and improving
The construction of the SEB provided an ‘natural’ reverberation time of the studio provides visual connectivity between levels. of typical office hours, when the rest of the educational quality by deploying innovative
opportunity to incorporate enhanced space to support a wide range of uses – these Fire engineering Some fixed fire-rated construction was SEB is relatively empty. The theatre space is face-to-face and digital learning tools.
performance space for the School of Arts and include chamber and jazz music, amplified The combination of laboratories and included around the stair void, which operated independently from the laboratory The Science and Engineering Building fits
Media – the site of the building was music, theatre and spoken word. The theatre space in one building presented enabled circulation but provided some fire areas of the building, from both a fire and well within this strategy, by offering
previously used for the Creative Practice Lab, reverberation time in the space can be challenges for the fire engineering strategy. separation. For the stair cores elsewhere in security perspective. Arup’s fire engineered world-class facilities to support ground-
the arts unit that supports teaching and modified to make it seem as though the In the laboratories, the strategy was kept the building, a stair pressurisation system approach, using detailed smoke modelling, breaking research.
practice-led research within the School. For performer and audience are in a more simple, with the smoke exhaust set up to
UNSW, the aim was not only to recreate the complex acoustic space such as a large use the mechanical systems already in place
previous facilities but to enhance them by concert hall or an arena. Longer reverberation for fume exhaust from the research Authors
bringing music together with drama, physical times are preferred for classical music activities. This reduced costs and allowed Rob Fleury led the fire engineering design
flexibility to modify the laboratories in the and is an Associate in the Sydney office.
future – something that would not be
straightforward if a dedicated smoke exhaust Ben Moore led the audio-visual and theatre
system was used. As some of the research design elements of the project. He is an
processes and equipment produce smoke Associate in the Sydney office.
and dust that would set off traditional smoke
detectors, thermal detectors were installed, Andrew Pettifer was the Project Director and
is a Principal in the Sydney office.
10: The building
was split into three Stefan Sadokierski was the Project Manager
horizontal two-hour and is Arup’s global skill leader for mechanical
fire zones in the fire services. He is an Associate Principal based in
engineering strategy the Sydney office.
11: Opened in 2019,
7: Arup designed a hybrid system for fume the SEB offers Project credits
cupboard exhaust, with a manifold used in world-class research Client/Contractor Multiplex
conjunction with dedicated cupboards and performance End-user UNSW Sydney
8: Arup used the Labs21 Tool Kit to benchmark facilities Architect Grimshaw
energy performance 10.
Laboratory planner HDR
9: A large database was integrated with the BIM Civil and structural engineer
model in order to generate room data sheets Taylor Thomson Whitting
7.
Audio-visual and multimedia, electrical
engineering, fire, mechanical, sustainable
buildings design, theatre consulting,
laboratory manifold risk consultancy and
vertical transportation Arup:
Jakki Artus, Vince Bombardiere, Rory Brenan,
Tom Brickhill, Nigel Cann, James Cho, Tate
Dogan, Tim Elgood, Bernard Farrell, Rob
Fleury, Reshmi Govindankutty, Scott
Hampson, Mairead Hogan, Patrick Hoy, Kim
Jones, Ciaran Lynch, Marc McDonald, Ben
Moore, Andrew Pettifer, Simon Pimley, Stefan
Sadokierski, Len Samperi, Helena Sjoberg,
David Stidolph, James Trevorrow, Sihui Wang,
Ryan Wilson, Thomas Yates.
Image credits
1–4, 7, 8: Multiplex
5, 6, 9–11: Arup
8. 9. 11.
18 2/2020 | The Arup Journal 19THE CHRISTIE PROTON BEAM THERAPY CENTRE | MANCHESTER, UK
A precision-focused
cancer treatment
Enabling sophisticated, high-energy technology to be used
in a safe and sustainable environment
Authors Nick Ashby, Hywyn Jones and Dave Pitman
The Christie Proton Beam Therapy Arup worked on the project from concept
(PBT) Centre in Manchester is the design stage through to completion,
UK’s first National Health Service (NHS) providing structural, building services,
multi-room, high-energy PBT facility. energy modelling, acoustics and vibration
In PBT, a cyclotron (a type of particle engineering, and geotechnics and
accelerator) is used to create a beam of sustainability services. Having previously
high-energy protons. This beam can then designed PBT facilities in Krakow, Arup
be focused with great precision on used that design experience by incorporating
tumours, meaning that there is less the team from Poland as reviewers at each
damage to the surrounding tissue and design gateway.
vital organs while the tumour still
receives a high dose of radiation. PBT is Proton Beam Therapy facility
most suitable for certain kinds of cancer, The 12,000m² treatment centre is part of a
such as complex brain, head and neck five-storey building constructed on a
cancers and sarcomas. It is particularly constrained urban site in a live hospital
useful for treating these types of cancers environment. Its construction required
in children, for whom traditional demolishing buildings and diverting and
radiotherapy carries an elevated risk of accommodating existing services. The PBT
damaging the brain and impairing facility, which is also connected to an
cognitive development and hearing. adjacent building, includes the cyclotron and
four gantry rooms; three for treatment and
The building design for this new facility was one fitted out as a research room. It also
shaped by the technology used for PBT. The houses clinical facilities that include CT and
treatment requires an intensive energy
supply for the cyclotron, which accelerates
protons to two-thirds the speed of light, and 1: PBT is particularly useful for complex cancers
a substantial concrete structure to house the and for treating cancers in children, as the beam
equipment and protect patients, visitors and can be focused with great precision, causing less
staff from the radiation generated. damage to the surrounding tissue
1.
20 2/2020 | The Arup Journal 21THE CHRISTIE PROTON BEAM THERAPY CENTRE | MANCHESTER, UK
operational gantries) are more than ten times maintains the required conductivity and pH
those used in typical radiation therapy. A new levels for the water.
major primary substation was designed
adjacent to the facility to meet these demands. Procurement
Arup worked side by side with The Christie to
PBT facilities are inherently energy- explore different solutions to the site’s spatial
intensive; the amount of energy needed to limitations and inform early design concepts
operate the equipment and cool it is as part of the procurement process for the
substantial, and there are strict equipment specialist PBT equipment. Three proton
supplier servicing requirements that need to therapy equipment (PTE) vendors engaged in
be met to ensure that everything runs safely a competitive dialogue during the project
and accurately. Providing this baseline high initiation design process. Each had a different
level of energy while still providing set of requirements, all of which would have a
resilient, sustainable solutions was significant effect on the size and shape of the
challenging. Arup’s experience of designing structure that would house the accelerator and
sustainable buildings meant that the firm gantries, the associated builders’ work and the
was able to minimise the impact of the plant room strategy. To inform the correct
operational energy requirements through procurement decision, these variations in the
innovative solutions. build cost were addressed as part of vendor
selection – this was a crucial issue given the
The firm was appointed as the Accredited significant equipment costs, which were a
2. Person and Assessor for BREEAM. Due to 5.
the specific nature of the scheme, Arup
worked closely with the Building Research
Establishment (BRE) to define bespoke
credits and assessment methodologies for
some elements. The firm’s building physics
2: The Christie PBT specialists advised and agreed key principles
Centre was with the BRE. The power used by the particle
constructed in a
accelerator and beam line magnets to generate
highly constrained
urban site
the high-energy beam results in substantial
levels of waste heat. Two large heat pumps
3: The facility includes
take this waste heat and use it to provide heat
the cyclotron and four
gantry rooms
for the ventilation system for the clinical side
of the building. This solution led to reduced
4: CT and MRI
operational costs and carbon emissions, and
scanning are among
the treatments
resulted in the facility receiving a BREEAM 5: The busy site had a public highway nearby,
available in the ‘Excellent’ environmental rating. Arup also as well as being adjacent to pre-existing
clinical facilities designed the deionising system for the cooling hospital buildings and residential properties
water to meet the more stringent water quality 6: An integrated BIM model was used to plan the
requirements for the PBT. This process many complex aspects of the facility
3. 6.
MRI scanning equipment, outpatient areas substantial portion of the overall construction Site constraints Arup’s Civil Engineering team assessed
and administration accommodation. cost of the facility. Given the site’s shallow bedrock and high this infrastructure and designed safe
water table, the large three-storey concrete solutions to integrate it with the new
The gantries, each 10m in diameter, are Arup developed three different designs structure of the treatment block was planned building’s requirements, allowing
large, complex components that contain the at concept stage based on each vendor’s in a way that would minimise construction phased transfer of foul flows in the
treatment delivery system. They can rotate requirements and then progressed two of below ground. Planning, phasing of works network. Two culverted watercourses
360 degrees so the patient is not required to these through further phases of design and and logistics were important considerations, crossed the site and it was not possible
move position during treatment. Complex procurement. With large variations between with the facility located in a confined urban to divert them entirely, so one was retained
engineering solutions were required to house the equipment layouts, Arup developed a site adjacent to existing healthcare facilities below the footprint of the new building.
the gantries and the 150-tonne cyclotron, as strategy that created a tolerance zone along and nearby residential properties. In addition, To minimise maintenance, a robust and
they needed concrete radiation shielding the interface between the shielded areas a link corridor with neighbouring clinical hydraulically improved in-situ concrete
walls – in places, these were up to 5m thick. and clinical spaces. This innovative buildings was required to create a seamless culvert was developed; this reduced the
Over 11km of conduits and a further 1km approach kept the programme on track. The facility for patient experience and access to risk of any blockage and was designed
of pipework were precisely located final design was carried out with the PTE the wider Christie site. to allow for robotic access for clearance
and embedded in the walls. The overall provider Varian Medical Systems, which and inspection.
electrical load for the building, including the worked closely with Arup and contractor Complex existing surface and foul
equipment, is 2.8MVA, with a cooling load Interserve to improve buildability and refine drainage crossed the site and needed to be The site was also constrained by a public
of 1.4MW – these loads (based on four fully the design requirements. diverted, yet kept live during construction. highway to the south and the occupied
4.
22 2/2020 | The Arup Journal 23You can also read
