Academic Learning Centre - Tutoring in writing & study skills - Intel Writers
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Academic Learning Centre
205 Tier Building
umanitoba.ca/student/academiclearning
Tutoring in writing & study skills
Objectives of the Workshop
1. To understand the structure of an academic paper
2. To review strategies that lead to a well-structured,
analytical paper
The Structure of an Academic Paper The Introduction The introductory paragraph will include your thesis statement.
A thesis statement
• communicates the main point of your paper in 1 – 2
sentences
• indicates how your paper is organized to support that
point
Without a thesis statement, there is a good chance your
reader will feel lost as they read the body of your paper.
The body of your paper will be organized into a series of paragraphs. Each paragraph should explain a single idea that forms part of your argument.
How do I begin? Turn the assignment into questions Do some exploratory reading
Use the assignment guideline to create a research question “Instructions: Analyze the impact that Manitoba Hydro is having on Aboriginal communities; what is happening (not what should happen)” Research Question: When I examine __________, what impact is Manitoba Hydro having on Aboriginal communities? What is happening? Why is it happening?
Sample Research Question When I examine the Churchill River Diversion, what social and cultural impacts do I see?
Use the rubric to create more specific questions to guide your reading and research. • Understands stakeholders, interest groups, their motivations • Understand conflicts among groups and different expectations • Understands what can be improved and what appears to be intractable • Role of perspectives and framing of problems / opportunities • Clearly differentiates real from token actions and explains • Clearly explains actual behaviour rather than present a do- gooder’s wish list
Use this slide from GMGT 1010 to create more specific questions to guide your reading and research.
Putting together the assignment guideline, the rubric and
the PPT slide, a set of research questions might look like
this.
What is the impact of X project or X activity on Indigenous
communities?
• What are the expectations and perspectives of various stakeholders?
Where are they in conflict?
• What are the intended outcomes of policies and actions?
• What are the unintended outcomes of policies and actions?
• What actions are token actions?
• What could be improved? What is intractable?Explore and build a knowledge base
Where?
What? When?
What is the
Who? Churchill
River Why?
Diversion?
Find basic information about your topic (e.g., a Mb Hydro project). You
will not include this descriptive information in your paper, but as the writer,
you need to have a clear picture of what you are writing about.Investigate and Analyze
Develop a Note-taking System
Track the source Track page numbers
Paraphrase and summarize while taking notes.
Summarize key readings and think about their significance for your argument 1. This submission shows … 2. This reading would support an argument that … 3. Other stakeholders who support this position include … 4. Other stakeholders who don’t support this position include …
In your writing, you can use information from sources in 3 different
ways. For this paper, summarize and paraphrase.
Summarize Paraphrase
The ideas come from a source. The ideas come from a
The words are your own. source. The words are
your own with significant
changes to vocabulary
Cite.
and sentence structure.
Quote Cite.
The words and ideas come from
another source. Use quotation
marks around the words from
the source.
Cite.Steps for Paraphrasing while Reading and Writing
1. Understand the text first. What ideas will help you in your paper?
2. Take point form notes. Rephrase the idea using your own words and
sentence structures.
3. Check that you’ve changed the words and kept the meaning.
4. Introduce the ideas of others with signal phrases (optional).
Shaw (2017) comments that…
Shaw (2017) reportes that…
5. Provide a citation and reference (essential)!
In-text citation
Reference listSource
Dick, T. A. & Anderson, M. (2013). Review of reports dealing with fish mortality studies
and the quantification of fish habitat for the Kelsey Re-runnering Project. Retrieved
on September 23, 2019 from http://www.cecmanitoba.ca/hearings/39/index.html#3
“The section of the river at Grand Rapid
(Kelsey Rapids) was severely altered by the
building of the Kelsey GS, the flows of the
river were redirected and significant losses
occurred to high-value fish habitat” (Dick &
Anderson, 2013, p. 3).A Paraphrase? No.
The re-write follows the
original source too closely.
Source
Dick, T. A. & Anderson, M. (2013). Review of reports dealing with fish mortality studies
and the quantification of fish habitat for the Kelsey Re-runnering Project. Retrieved
on September 23, 2019 from http://www.cecmanitoba.ca/hearings/39/index.html#3A Paraphrase? Yes.
The structure and words
used to express the idea have
been changed.
Source
Dick, T. A. & Anderson, M. (2013). Review of reports dealing with fish mortality studies
and the quantification of fish habitat for the Kelsey Re-runnering Project. Retrieved
on September 23, 2019 from http://www.cecmanitoba.ca/hearings/39/index.html#3A Paraphrase? Yes.
The structure and words
used to express the idea have
been changed.
Quoted words appear in “quotation
marks.”
Source
Dick, T. A. & Anderson, M. (2013). Review of reports dealing with fish mortality studies
and the quantification of fish habitat for the Kelsey Re-runnering Project. Retrieved
on September 23, 2019 from http://www.cecmanitoba.ca/hearings/39/index.html#3Organize Your Ideas
Organize & Analyze What does the evidence tell you? Example: When I examine the Keeyask project, what impact is Manitoba Hydro having on Aboriginal communities? What is happening?
Outline the paper Looking at the information that I’ve gathered, what is my overall answer to the question, What impact is Mb Hydro having on Aboriginal communities in X instance? Your thesis statement is a 1 – 2 sentence answer to this question. What information lead me to this answer? The supporting points and examples give you your outline.
Example Working Thesis Statements
1. “Efforts to achieve X and Y have made modest progress
but have also created L and M which are
counterproductive or toxic because...”
2. “In X project, L policy and M and N actions have
combined to create P outcomes which …”Outline your paper Thesis Statement: _________________ Outline: Section 1: Major Point Section 2: Major Point Section 3: Major Point Section 4: Major Point
Cite and Reference Using APA
Referencing is a Two-Part Process
1. In the body of your paper, provide a citation every time you
include information from a source.
APA = Author + Date (+ Page #)
2. At the end of your paper, provide a full reference for every
source used in the body.A major flaw in past reports has been that they do not provide information about the flow
of the river before the Kelsey GS was built (Dick & Anderson, 2013).
2 ways of
setting up APA
in-text citations
Dick and Anderson (2013) argue that a major flaw in past reports has been that they do
not provide information about the flow of the river before the Kelsey GS was built.
Reference
Dick, T. A. & Anderson, M. (2013). Review of reports dealing with fish mortality studies and the quantification of fish
habitat for the Kelsey Re-runnering Project. Retrieved on September 23, 2019 from
http://www.cecmanitoba.ca/hearings/39/index.html#3Format your References page like this.
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