AUTO THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 - Consors Finanz
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AUTO
MOBILITY, GEOGRAPHY, GENERATIONS
2020
THE AUTOMOTIVE
DIVIDEEDITORIAL
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
T HE FU T U R E O F A U TO M O B I L I T Y ? R E S O U N D I N G A M B I VA L E N CE !
Life without a car is still unimaginable, but it is no At the same time, there is a discrepancy between their
longer an unchallengeable subject either. Climate crisis, professed attitude and actual behaviour. The car is
urbanisation, digitisation and demographic change are denounced as a climate killer. However, higher taxes that
challenging the status of the car. Nowadays, almost half could finance the development of more environmentally
of consumers worldwide can imagine not owning a car friendly concepts are still opposed by the majority.
personally or doing without a car entirely.
New technologies and mobility solutions complicate the
But is the attitude of drivers really changing? question of what consumers actually want and need.
The results of this year’s Automobilbarometer reveal a Electric cars or hybrid technology? Which one is the
great deal of ambivalence. On the one hand, there are favourite? How and why do consumers share a vehicle?
those for whom the car is a cherished and vital mode of And can one’s own car, which thus far has only generated
transportation. On the other hand, there are those for costs, be used as a source of income as well?
whom the car no longer plays a central role. Younger
people and city dwellers in particular are increasingly Our study answers these and other questions and
abandoning the idea that they need to own a car uncovers the ambivalent attitudes of international
themselves. consumers towards automobility.
I wish you an exciting read and many interesting
insights.
Gerd Hornbergs
CEO Consors Finanz
3METHODOLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
Our economic and marketing analyses, as well as In total, 10,000 individuals were interviewed online 1. I (STILL) LOVE MY CAR�������������������������� 7 3. NEW MOBILITY SOLUTIONS
our forecasts, were conducted in partnership with (CAWI method). These individuals, aged 18 to 65,
C-Ways (www.c-ways.com), a survey and consulting were drawn from national samples representative An enduring love�������������������������������������������� 8 THAT ARE YET TO PROVE
THEIR WORTH��������������������������������������� 43
firm that specialises in Anticipation Marketing. of each country. The quota method was employed Owning a car: reasons and feelings����������������������� 12
The quantitative consumer interviews were conducted to ensure that the sample was representative Reinventing motoring through services������������������ 44
Public transport: the alternative favoured
by Harris Interactive between August 30th and (gender, age). 3,000 interviews were conducted
by young people and urbanites���������������������������� 16 Ride sharing: a financial imperative���������������������� 48
September 20th 2019 in 15 countries: Belgium, Brazil, in France and 500 in each of the other countries.
China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Country codes: Belgium (BE), Brazil (BR), China (CN), A seriously ideal car���������������������������������������� 18 Rejecting ride sharing: money isn’t everything���������� 50
Poland, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Turkey, France (FR), Germany (DE), Italy (IT), Japan (JP),
Giving up on owning a car�������������������������������� 20 Car sharing: the advantages remain to be confirmed���� 54
the United Kingdom and the United States. Netherlands (NL), Poland (PL), Portugal (PT),
South Africa (ZA), Spain (ES), United Kingdom (UK), The car: still a protected space��������������������������� 60
United States (US), Turkey (TR). 2. A SHADOW OF A DOUBT ����������������� 25
4. THERE ARE SOLUTIONS
Protecting the environment:
FOR THE FUTURE,
rising awareness and condemnation��������������������� 26
BUT SCHISMS PERSIST����������������������� 67
A budgeting issue first and foremost��������������������� 32
Cars still have a bright future����������������������������� 68
Driving less to spend less�������������������������������� 38
The future of motoring is on track������������������������ 72
Indicators that point to schisms
in the automotive world������������������������������������ 74
Young people and urbanites take the lead��������������� 76
CONCLUSION�������������������������������������������� 81
APPENDIX������������������������������������������������� 97
Co-authored by: Luc Charbonnier and C-Ways
Editorial Coordination: Patricia Bosc
Design: © Insign.
4 5THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
I (STILL)
LOVE
MY CAR
If there is one area where love seems eternal,
it is the automotive sector. Economic crises, mistrust,
constraints, changing lifestyles and behaviours,
nothing seems able to alter the role and uses of this
century-old star product, and it remains in rude health.
But the love motorists have for their vehicle is far
from blind, and their feelings are rooted in reason.
186 7AN
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
ENDURING
A N U N WAVE R IN G E N T HU S IA S M continuously in the countries of L’Observatoire Cetelem,
Three years on, the car is almost equally as popular. with two notable caveats. Large urban centres in the
8 out of 10 people say they are attached to the vehicle Western world have experienced a decline.
they own (Fig.1). Italy, Poland and Spain are the most China, where sales are currently falling, continues
enthusiastic (9/10), while Belgium and China are less to see an increase in its motorization rate. However,
unanimous (7/10). France posts a result that is close it still posts the lowest score in this ranking, closely
LOVE
to the average, while the United States, where the car followed by South Africa, Turkey and Brazil. These nations,
is king, displays a little less fervour. where motorization rates are lower and have started to
take off only recently, form a quartet whose behaviour
T HE R IS IN G MOTO R IZAT IO N R AT E : is homogeneous and contrasts with that of other countries.
A N E X P R E S S IO N O F LO VE This unusual quartet illustrate the geographical divide
If proof of the popularity of cars were needed, motorization that affects certain aspects of the global automotive sector.
rates (Fig. 2 and 3) would be among the clearest pieces And it is no surprise that the United States tops the list
of evidence. In recent years, these figures have grown when it comes to the number of cars per inhabitant.
82% 80%
Fig. 1 Are you attached to your car?
In %, sum of “Yes” answers (Very/Somewhat)
Question asked only to car owners
EUROPE WORLD
AVERAGE AVERAGE
A major manufactured product and a symbol of the development 91 91
89
of consumerism, the car receives as much praise from enamoured 84 82
70
81
72 75
81 84
80
75 75 77
admirers as it does condemnation from its fierce opponents.
Because if any fact has been firmly established since
Joseph Cugnot built the first motor vehicle in 1769,
it is that the automobile leaves nobody indifferent.
2017’s L’Observatoire Cetelem, entitled “I love my car”,
highlighted the fact that 9 out of 10 motorists had a positive
South Africa
Germany
Belgium
Brazil
China
Spain
United States
France
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Turkey
or very positive view of cars. 8 out of 10 considered that
they simply could not do without them.
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
8 9THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
Motorization rate in 2017 P O P U LA R IT Y A MO N G T HE YO U N G
Fig. 2
Number of vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants Another piece of good news for manufacturers is the fact This is not the case for seniors, who lived without cars
that millennials, i.e., their future customers, are more for many years. Moreover, because millennials are
inclined than their elders to declare their attachment naturally more likely to live in cities, people’s fondness
821 (Fig. 4). This generational difference is certainly the most for cars is greatest in conurbations with more than
721 698 significant divide highlighted by the survey. In China, 1 million inhabitants. This new schism has led
617 616 611 609 605 590 587 557 millennials are actually more than twice as likely as to “city cars” and “rural cars” being perceived differently.
seniors to voice such attachment. This is in great part The gap is particularly wide in China, the United States
down to the breathtaking growth of the automotive sector and Japan, which are home to a number of megacities.
206 195 176 in recent times. Cars have always been a part of young
118
people’s lives.
Are you attached to your car?
United States
Italy
Poland
United Kingdom
Spain
Portugal
Japan
Germany
France
Belgium
Netherlands
Brazil
Turkey
South Africa
China
Fig. 4
In %, sum of “Yes” answers (Very/Somewhat)
84%
South Africa
82 EUROPE
74
AVERAGE
81
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem / ACEA (2017) for Italy, Poland, the United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, Germany, France, Belgium Germany 80
and the Netherlands, and OICA (2015) for the United States, China, Brazil, Japan, South Africa and Turkey.
79%
74
Belgium 67
84
AGE 18-34
Brazil 72
Fig. 3 Variation in the motorization rate between 2005 and 2015
84
China 47
182
90 AGE 55 AND OVER
RU / TK / Other Europe: 281 GLOBAL Spain 85
NAFTA: 670
EU 28/EFTA: 581 + 59% AVERAGE 76
+ 6% United States
+ 9% 66
82%
358
646 France
82 WORLD
203 80
249 AVERAGE
VEH/ 1,000 INH. Italy
94
821 195 90
118 + 27%
75%
179 77
104 140 J&SK: 555 Japan
63 83
294 22 228 + 7%
79 AGE 18-34
Netherlands 78
93
Poland 89
206 AFRICA: 42 87
Portugal
79 AGE 55 AND OVER
+ 35% 74
C&S AMERICA: 176 Asia (exc J&SK) / 718 85
+ 60% United Kingdom
176 Oceania / middle 70
316 east: 85 85
+ 141% Turkey 76
Source: OICA Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
10 11OWNING
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
A CAR:
Fig. 5 Above all, you see owning a car today as being…
In %, only one possible answer
A vital form of transport 39
REASONS
An incomparable path to freedom 18
A pleasure in itself 12
A financial constraint
11
(a luxury that is becoming increasingly unaffordable)
AND FEELINGS
Less and less useful given the options offered by public transport
10
and car sharing or ride sharing systems
More and more difficult, given today’s traffic restrictions 7
Disrespectful and harmful to the environment 3
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
Fig. 6 Above all, you see owning a car today as being…
The colours represent the majority opinion in each country
Beyond this “love” of cars, various reasons, based on 12% believe that driving is a pleasure in itself, a feeling
a mixture of pragmatism and idealism, prompt people that is strongest among the Americans and South Africans
to acquire a vehicle (Fig. 5 and 6). (22%). Only 5% of Portuguese respondents cannot see
39% of those interviewed, believe that a car is, above all the pleasure in driving. On this point, millennials seem
else a vital form of transport, a view most likely to be to be anticipating or only just discovering the potential
expressed by those in rural areas (47%) and seniors (44%). pleasure that cars can bring and are more enthusiastic
This is most clearly stated in Italy, Belgium and Japan, than their elders, for whom driving seems to have lost
but much less in Germany. its lustre over the years (15% vs. 9%).
But the car is not only a practical item, because it continues
to be a vessel for people’s dreams. For 17% of motorists, Lastly, 11% consider cars to be a financial constraint.
it is an incomparable path to freedom. This is an opinion 9% believe that their usefulness is waning, given the
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
shared by all generations, particularly in Spain and expanding range of transport options (public transport,
Germany (40% and 31%). Conversely, only 5% of Japanese car sharing, ride sharing, etc.).
respondents associate cars with freedom. A vital form of transport An incomparable path to freedom
12 13THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
K E E P I NG O N E’S CA R : 38% simply state that they love their car. The majority KE E P IN G A LE VE L HE A D (A N D YO U R C A R )
A P R I M ARI LY EM OTI O N A L CHO I CE of South Africans also declare their love for their vehicle There are other more sensible reasons why motorists This result goes some way to explaining why debating
When it comes to expressing their reasons for keeping (60%), much like the Americans and British, who are true do not want to let go of their car. 50% of respondents car use in France can be a potentially explosive endeavour
their vehicle, motorists put forward a vision that to their reputation as car enthusiasts (57% and 52%). believe that there are eventualities in which a car (as demonstrated by the “yellow-vest” movement).
is more idealistic than pragmatic (Fig. 7 and 8). However, contrary to the stereotype, the Italians are could be essential. This is very much the view in China Conversely, despite living in a vast country, just 15%
59% of respondents view the freedom it gives them the least fond of their cars (22%). (61%), but much less so in Turkey (26%). 32% consider that of Brazilian respondents deem that cars have no credible
as being decisive. The South Africans, Portuguese 23% cannot imagine living without a car. The South they have no other travel alternatives, with the French competition.
and Germans place the greatest focus on freedom Africans are once again the most likely to reject this being the most likely to state this opinion (44%).
(74%, 69% and 66%), while the Japanese and Chinese prospect (35%). Meanwhile, the Chinese, who live in
are at the other end of the scale (44% and 52%). the world’s largest automotive market, and the Italians
The French post a close-to-average score. fear this idea the least (12% and 14%).
Fig. 7 Why aren’t you ready to part with your car? Fig. 8 Why aren’t you prepared to part with your car?
In %, several possible answers The colours represent the majority opinion in each country
You appreciate the freedom
59
that your car gives you
You want to have your own car
50
in case you need it
You like having a car 38
You have no other alternatives for you
32
and your family’s daily travel needs
You can't imagine not owning a car,
23
even though you have other options
Other (please specify) 3
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
You appreciate the freedom You want to have your own car in case
your car gives you you need it
14 15PUBLIC
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
TRANSPORT:
THE ALTERNATIVE
FAVOURED
BY YOUNG PEOPLE
67% 67%
Fig. 9 Do you believe that your local public transport
network is…
% who answered “Developed” (Very/Quite)
EUROPE WORLD
AND URBANITES
one possible answer
AVERAGE AVERAGE
86
80 78
75
71 70 72 70
65 60 60
55 55 58
53
For many, the ability to choose an alternative to car travel almost unanimous, which is the case in Poland (100%!),
South Africa
Germany
Belgium
Brazil
China
Spain
United States
France
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Turkey
depends on the availability of public transport (Fig. 9). Germany, China and Japan (96%, 96% and 95%).
Two-thirds of respondents believe that the public transport 92% of French city dwellers also rate their public transport
network around their home is sufficiently developed, networks highly. Millennials, apart from those in Turkey,
with the Chinese, Dutch and British being the most likely are generally pleased about their level of development.
to agree (86%, 80% and 78%). This satisfaction with the In relative terms, young South Africans display by far
public transport system is felt most keenly by urbanites the highest level of enthusiasm: 65%, compared with just Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
and certain generations. In major cities, the results are 12% of seniors.
16 17THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
A SERIOUSLY
N E IT HE R A STAT U S S YMB O L
N O R T HE E MB O DIME N T O F A VIS IO N the Chinese and the Japanese are a little more eager
At the bottom of the list of criteria that define the ideal car, than average to enhance their image thanks to their car.
the idea that it should be a symbol of one’s status is put Finally, it appears that the ideal car is far from being
IDEAL CAR
forward by just 5% of respondents. This figure further associated with a triumphant modernity, both in
highlights an irreversible shift that was already apparent its perception and in its use. 8% see it as being ultra-
in many previous L’Observatoire Cetelem surveys, high-tech and 7% imagine it as a pay-as-you-go service,
including “I love my car”. Millennials, urban dwellers, for which one is only charged when it is used.
Fig. 10 In your opinion, the ideal car is…
Up to four possible answers
So yes, we love our cars. They embody values 42%
34%
29%
such as freedom and we are very attached to them. A CAR IN WHICH
YOU CAN FEEL SAFE
And yes, the ideal car does exist. Only 8% of the people A COMFORTABLE
TOP 3
CAR
interviewed believe the opposite. And yet, this ideal A CAR THAT LASTS FOR
AS LONG AS POSSIBLE
car’s strengths could not be more prosaic.
8%
7%
S O L I D Q UA L I TI ES
A car is seen as ideal (Fig. 10), first and foremost, if it keep to buy and use, and be pleasant to drive.
5%
its occupants safe (42%), a feature deemed important It is worth noting that these features are particularly THE IDEAL CAR
by the majority of Spanish, South African and Japanese important to seniors and country dwellers. DOESN’T EXIST
respondents. The ideal car should also be comfortable A PAY-AS-YOU-GO CAR
(34%). Here again, the Japanese are the most sensitive ENVIRONMENTALLY F RIENDLY, Y ES, B U T… FOR WHICH YOU ARE ONLY
FLOP 3
to this factor, followed by the Brazilians. Only 10% 26% also state that a car should have a low environmental CHARGED WHEN YOU USE IT A CAR THAT ENHANCES
of Germans point to this feature, no doubt because footprint. Americans and Brazilians are the least likely YOUR IMAGE
they see German saloon cars as being inherently to highlight this feature, reflecting the lack of regard for
comfortable. the environment shown by their respective current leaders.
But given that 3% of respondents believe that owning
The next three features in the ranking generate roughly a vehicle is disrespectful and harmful to the environment,
identical opinions. Just over a quarter of respondents believe we might conclude that motorists consider that cars
that the ideal car should be durable, cost as little as possible themselves must be eco-friendly, rather than their owners. Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
18 1955% 57%
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
Fig. 11 and 12 Can you imagine never (or no longer) owning
a car?
In %, sum of “Yes” answers
EUROPE WORLD
(Absolutely/In some circumstances)
AVERAGE AVERAGE
GIVING UP
79
72 71
66
58 61 60
54 51 53 52 52
45 47 43
ON OWNING
A CAR
Germany
Belgium
Brazil
China
Spain
United States
France
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Turkey
South Africa
61 57 66
52
But while the ideal car does appear to exist in the eyes Millennials are the least averse to considering living
of motorists, they no longer feel it is essential to own one, without a car, although there are differences between
at least in certain circumstances (Fig. 11 and 12). 6 out the countries. The majority of urbanites take this view.
of 10 respondents hold this view. 8 out of 10 Chinese are This radical position is founded on a paradigm shift
of this opinion. Conversely, the French are the least likely that is both ecological and economic, one that is set In a city with In a rural area/
Age Age 55
to look forward to a car-free future (43%). to trigger major schisms. more than in a city with
18-34 and over
1,000,000 fewer than
inhabitants 20,000 inhabitants
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
20 21Mileages are
SUMMING UP
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
no longer falling
KE Y FIG U R E S S CH I S M S
Having dropped steadily between 2000 and 2012, the distance travelled per car
seems to have stabilized in many countries. It is even on the rise again in some Millennials and urban dwellers
(Spain, Austria, France). And while this increase in distances is due in part 8 out of 10 people are attached are more attached to their car
to lower fuel costs, it is nonetheless fresh evidence that cars remain essential, to their car. than their elders.
even if people are not prepared to own one at all costs.
4 out of 10 believe that cars are In terms of motorization rates,
an essential form of transport, a geographical divide remains
first and foremost. between the “emerging” countries
6 out of 10 want to keep their car and the other countries surveyed.
AVERAGE DISTANCE TRAVELLED PER CAR
(INDEX 100 IN 2000) because of the freedom it gives them.
Cars are essentially “practical”
in the eyes of seniors and rural
9 out of 10 believe that the ideal car
people, and synonymous with
110 exists.
“pleasure” according to millennials.
105
6 out of 10 are prepared to do without Public transport is a serious
100 a car. competitor for cars in the opinion
95 of young people and urbanites.
90
85
80
75
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2015
Italy Netherlands France
United Kingdom European Union Germany
Spain Austria
Source: Enerdata
22 23THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
A SHADOW
OF A DOUBT
Behind the general feeling that cars are well loved and
that motorists are very attached to them, there are both
generational and geographical divides that temper this
idealized image. Economic and environmental concerns
generate polarization between millennials and seniors,
urbanites and rural dwellers, and between inhabitants
of developed economies and emerging nations.
24 25PROTECTING
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
THE ENVIRONMENT:
A C HA N G E IN AT T IT U DE S
Three-quarters of respondents are concerned about While American millennials are more engaged than their
the environment and say that they have changed their elders and Chinese city dwellers more so than their rural
consumption habits accordingly (Fig. 13 and 14). The compatriots, the differences within each country are,
RISING AWARENESS
Italians, Spaniards and Turks display the most concern, on the whole, not significant. The urban/rural divide is
while the Japanese, despite having experienced various the widest, with city dwellers tending to be more mindful
natural disasters, are the least likely to do so (44%). of making eco-friendly consumption choices.
76% 75%
I am very mindful of environmental issues
AND CONDEMNATION
Fig. 13 and 14
and am altering my consumption habits
to make them greener
In %, sum of “Yes” answers (Very / Somewhat)
EUROPE WORLD
AVERAGE AVERAGE
88 90 87
83 84 83
78 79 80
74 68
63 63 58
43
Germany
Belgium
Brazil
China
Spain
United States
France
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Turkey
South Africa
In the space of just a few years,
74 75 78 69
environmental concerns have become
an issue for everyone, not just those
in the scientific sphere. The automotive
sector cannot escape this reality,
which has brought about very tangible Age
18-34
Age 55
and over
In a city with
more than
In a rural area/
in a city with
1,000,000 fewer than
changes. Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
inhabitants 20,000 inhabitants
26 27Measures that vary from country to country
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
YOUNG PEOPLE AND URBANITES POINT THE FINGER Vast generational differences are also apparent.
This newly formed environmental awareness is now Millennials in France are twice as likely as seniors
leading even motorists to point to cars as being the main to consider cars as the leading source of pollution
culprits. 66% of those surveyed consider them to be (63% vs. 30%). In Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands, While the climate issue seems to have taken hold in the media landscape
the number one source of pollution (Fig. 15 and 16). the proportion is almost identical. There are also and in the consciousness of citizens, government measures to reduce
This widespread condemnation masks clear geographical, significant differences in South Africa and the vehicle pollution vary significantly from one country to another in terms
generational and residential divides. United Kingdom. Analysing these results according to of their toughness.
Turkey, China, South Africa and Brazil are unreserved in where people live again shows that Germany, France,
their criticism (89%, 83%, 77% and 74%). Inhabitants of the Belgium and the Netherlands harbour the greatest
Iberian Peninsula hold equally clear-cut views. However, divides between inhabitants of large cities, who tend NUMBER OF LOW-EMISSION ZONES IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
most of the developed economies are much less virulent to be very critical of car pollution, and their much less (INDICATIVE FIGURES FROM NOVEMBER 2018)
(Germany 42%, France 46%, Belgium 47%, Netherlands 47%). condemnatory rural populations.
60% 66%
1 106
Number of low-emission zones
Fig. 15 and 16 In your opinion, are cars the main cause
of pollution today?
In %, sum of “Strongly agree” and “Agree” answers
EUROPE WORLD
AVERAGE AVERAGE
89
83 81
77 74 75
72 69
67 66 62
47 46 47
42
Germany
Belgium
Brazil
China
Spain
United States
France
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Turkey
South Africa
71 60 71 62
In a city with more In a rural area/in a city with Source: ADEME, Report on low-emission zones in Europe
Age Age 55
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem than 1,000,000 fewer than 20,000 inhabitants https://www.ademe.fr/sites/default/files/assets/documents/rapport-zones-faibles-emissions-lez-europe-ademe-2018.pdf
18-34 and over
inhabitants
28 29THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
Fig. 17 and 18 Do you intend to purchase…
In %, several possible answers
GROWTH IN THE NUMBER OF LOW-EMISSION ZONES
30
49%
South Africa 27
March 2011 March 2012 March 2014 March 2015 September 2017 November 2018
EUROPE
43
Germany 31 AVERAGE
Austria 1 1 2 4 4 4
35
Belgium
32%
22
Czech Republic 1 1 1 1 1 1
HYBRID
44
Denmark 4 4 4 4 4 4 Brazil 36
Germany 43 56 69 78 83 86 China
67
50
Italy 109 98 94 100 108 106
ELECTRIC
69
Spain 35
Netherlands 12 12 12 13 13 13
40
Portugal 0 1 1 1 1 1 United States 26
Sweden 6 6 7 8 8 8 France
51
26
49%
United Kingdom 2 2 3 1 1 1
Italy
72 WORLD
41
Greece - - - 1 1 1 AVERAGE
74
France - - - - 2 3 Japan 40
33%
Belgium - - - - 1 2 Netherlands
37
HYBRID
29
Spain - - - - - 1 33
Poland 24
TOTAL 179 182 193 211 337 231
51
Portugal 46
United Kingdom
48 ELECTRIC
32
Source: https://www.ademe.fr/sites/default/files/assets/documents/rapport-zones-faibles-emissions-lez-europe-ademe-2018.pdf
ADEME, Report on low-emission zones in Europe
47
Turkey 35
55
42 39
E NV I R O NM EN TA L LY CO M PATI BL E rise in the availability of new options, as a result of recent
26
P UR C H AS E I N TEN TI O N S environmental standards, go some way to explaining these
Car purchase intentions also reflect the behavioural figures, which should increase significantly in the coming
changes currently taking place (Fig. 17 and 18). years.
While those who intend to purchase a petrol vehicle are Geographically speaking, “green purchasing” intentions
still in the majority (59%), a rapidly increasing number are particularly strong in Japan, Italy, Spain and China,
of people would prefer a hybrid or even an electric which favour hybrids (74%, 72%, 69% and 67% respectively). In a city with In a rural area/ In a city with In a rural area/
model (49% and 33%, respectively). As a consequence, Again we see China, along with Portugal, Italy and Japan, more than in a city with more than in a city with
1,000,000 fewer than 1,000,000 fewer than
the dominance of diesel now seems finally over (32%). very much considering the electric option (50%, 46%, inhabitants 20,000 inhabitants inhabitants 20,000 inhabitants
The rise of hybrids (55%) and electric vehicles (39%) 41% and 40%). Conversely, it is unsurprising to see
is particularly significant in urban areas. Ever-increasing the United States clinging to petrol engines (80%),
travel constraints in metropolises, together with the rapid while most Turks prefer diesel (59%). Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
30 31A BUDGETING
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
ISSUE FIRST
Fig. 19 Why don’t you own a car?
In %, several possible answers
The colours represent the majority opinion in each country
AND FOREMOST
36% 34% 34% 25% 24%
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
CARS ARE I DON’T HAVE THE RUNNING COSTS I WOULD RATHER USE OTHER I DON’T NEED A CAR
TOO EXPENSIVE TO BUY A DRIVING LICENCE OF CARS ARE TOO HIGH FORMS OF TRANSPORT
While environmental concerns carry significant weight R U N N I N G CO ST S E XCE E D T H E PU R CH A S E PR I CE
today, economic preoccupations remain dominant. Purchase price and running costs are perceived
When people who do not own a car are questioned, very differently by car owners, but the question
only 12% say that their decision relates to the environment. of finance remains predominant. Only 18% believe
For many, cars are just too expensive to buy and their that purchasing a vehicle is a significant outlay.
maintenance costs too high (36% and 34%). A high purchase However, 85% of respondents cite fuel as being
price is more likely to be cited in the “emerging” countries – the most significant expense. This opinion is very
Turkey, South Africa and Brazil – where living standards strongly held in Poland and Brazil, much less
are lower. One-third of those surveyed state that the reason so in the United States and the United Kingdom.
is that they do not have a licence (Fig. 19).
32 33THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
On this topic, which was at the root of the Yellow Vest MILLENNIALS BEAR THE BRUNT OF MOTORING COSTS FU E L IS TO O E X P E N S IVE , A G O O D R E A S O N
crisis, the French express an equally clear opinion, Once again, the generation gap is significant when TO LE AVE O N E ’ S C A R AT HO ME in the United Kingdom, where the young are three times
with a result that is slightly above average (88%). we consider these three main expense items. The issue of fuel costs also exacerbates the generational more likely than their elders to turn their back on driving
Insurance and maintenance costs come next in the list 89% of millennials, compared with 79% of seniors, divide that is apparent when we examine vehicle use. due to the price of fuel. In France and Spain, the difference
(70% and 54%). The Italians, Portuguese and Spanish put fuel at the top of the list of expenses. The gap is even Overall, 1 in 2 respondents have given up on the idea is also significant (+24 and +21 points). Only Turkey stands
are the most likely to cite the former (83%, 80% and wider when it comes to insurance and maintenance costs of having a car due to the cost. This is true of 63% of apart, with seniors who are more sensitive to price than
77%). The Chinese and Turks are the most sensitive (78% vs. 61%, 60% vs. 46%). These differences seem to be millennials, but only 46% of over-55%. The gap is widest their younger compatriots (Fig. 21 and 22).
to the latter (70% and 67%). explained by the fact that the young are only just entering
the world of work and earning incomes that are typically
lower. In the eyes of millennials, the freedom associated
with cars comes at a cost. One that is often too high.
Fig. 21 Do you sometimes give up on using your car to travel because of fuel prices?
In %, sum of “Yes” answers, only one possible answer
62%
66
South Africa 50 EUROPE
Fig. 20 What are your main car-related expenses?
AVERAGE
In %, three possible answers Germany
67
53
85% 45%
65
Belgium 48
Age 18-34 GLOBAL
Age 55 and over AVERAGE Brazil
82 AGE 18-34
70%
66
79 69
Fuel 89
China 44
54%
81
61
Spain 57 AGE 55 AND OVER
Insurance
78 51
United States 30
10%
46
Maintenance and repairs France
75
63%
60 54
WORLD
9%
49
Financing the car (purchase cost, either in cash
Italy 37 AVERAGE
20
or with a loan or a leasing contract, for instance) 15 45
Japan
6%
27
46%
Renting a garage / parking space 12 54
Netherlands
at or near your home 9 37 AGE 18-34
58
Poland 57
Other (daytime parking, motorway tolls, etc.) 7
5 42
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
Portugal 42
AGE 55 AND OVER
68
United Kingdom 21
67
Turkey 71
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
34 35THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
Relationship between the effort rate when purchasing a litre of fuel Fig. 23 Do you believe it would be preferable to…
Fig. 22
and the decision not to travel by car In %, only one possible answer to each of the two suggestions
Effort rate: relationship between the price of fuel and GDP per capita
15
GOVERNMENTS ARE RAISING TAXES ON FUEL
SO AS TO ENCOURAGE THE USE OF OTHER
South Africa 67
22
FORMS OF TRANSPORT THAT ARE MORE
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
Germany 47
Effort rate when buying a litre of fuel
14
Belgium 64
17% 18%
BRAZIL
12
Brazil 79
TURKEY 44
SPAIN China 34
22
GERMANY FRANCE CHINA SOUTH AFRICA Spain 57
POLAND EUROPE WORLD
BELGIUM 20
United States 49 AVERAGE AVERAGE
GOVERNMENTS ARE LOWERING TAXES
15
France
ON FUEL TO BOOST HOUSEHOLD
NETHERLANDS 66
UNITED STATES UNITED KINGDOM PORTUGAL
PURCHASING POWER
11
ITALY Italy 80
JAPAN
62% 61%
22
Japan 49
20
Netherlands 57
12
% who refrain Poland 66
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem 2020, OCDE, global petrol prices 10
Portugal 77 EUROPE WORLD
22
AVERAGE AVERAGE
United Kingdom 44
13
Turkey 78
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
S E NI O R S A N D RUR A L PO PUL ATI O N S: Probably because it is harder for them to live without
L E S S TAX, MO R E M O N EY their car, rural dwellers are also keener on this measure
Another question asked to motorists confirms that, than those who live in big cities. France is where the gap
for them, the issue of fuel is ultimately a financial one is the widest (25 points).
rather than an environmental one. When asked whether Geographically speaking, the generational differences
governments should raise fuel taxes to promote greener are most striking in South Africa, Turkey, the Netherlands,
forms of transport or lower them to increase purchasing Belgium and France. The Chinese stand apart in preferring
power, the response is clear. 61% are in favour of to increase taxes so as to protect the environment.
the second option, while only 18% favour the first. Given the high levels of air pollution they face, 44%
Seniors are the most likely to support the idea of the country’s population would opt for such measures,
of lower taxes (65% vs. 55% of millennials). compared with just 34% who would prefer to see their
purchasing power rise (Fig. 23).
36 37DRIVING LESS
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
TO SPEND
Fig. 24 To reduce your vehicle costs, would you be willing to…
In %, sum of “I do so already and intend to continue”, only one possible answer
Drive less
LESS
42
Buy a more fuel-efficient vehicle 42
Purchase cheaper insurance by checking 42
insurance comparison websites
Use another form of transport instead 41
(public transport, cycling, train, etc.)
Have your car serviced elsewhere 40
than at manufacturer dealerships
Avoid tolls by taking alternative options 36
Buy a used car 26
Purchase cheaper insurance 26
offering less cover
Maintain your car yourself or have it done 26
by someone you know
Spend less on a new vehicle (forgo some options, 25
smaller vehicle, lower down in the range)
Use car sharing as a passenger 18
Take advantage of scrappage/green premiums 18
M E AS UR ES HAV E A L REA DY BEEN TAKEN by far the lowest percentage of all the countries in the study, Buy a car collectively (to be shared 8
with one or more neighbours)
TO C U T R UN N I N G CO STS although it must be said that the country’s second-hand
In order to face up to budgeting and financial issues, market is yet to be properly structured (Fig. 24).
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
motorists have adopted various measures to reduce their
motoring costs. 4 out of 10 drive less, with the Japanese OTHER POSSIBLE SOLU TIONS:
being the most reluctant to reduce their mileage (26%). A COMBINATION OF OPTIONS
The same proportion prefer to buy a used or more fuel- For those who have not yet taken budgetary measures,
efficient vehicle, reduce their insurance costs by using the range of solutions on offer is somewhat different.
comparison websites, or avoid toll roads. First and foremost, they intend to take advantage of
Switching to another form of transport is another option, scrappage premiums, green-vehicle premiums, etc. (41%).
one favoured in particular by the Chinese, the Turks Their second-favourite option is to drive less (34%).
and the Brazilians. Conversely, only an indomitable 18% The next is to spend less on a new car (33%).
of Americans prefer this solution. It is worth noting These three solutions generate fairly similar responses
that only 9% of Chinese respondents opt for used cars, in all countries.
38 39SUMMING UP
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
However, also of interest to motorists is a fourth way they spend on their car, while also resolving the vexed
of reducing their vehicle costs. Indeed, 1 in 4 are now issue of parking, which is a major problem in Chinese
considering ride sharing, with 18% already using such cities. Those in emerging countries also regularly engage
services as passengers. This is a practice in which in the practice. This is probably due in great part to the
the Chinese lead the world. 32% already partake adoption of car sharing to commute to work more cheaply
in car sharing as a passenger to reduce the amount (Fig. 25).
KE Y FIG U R E S S CH I S M S
Emerging countries, millennials
Fig. 25 To reduce your vehicle costs, would you be willing to…
3 out of 4 people are mindful and urban dwellers are twice
In %, sum of “You have never done so, but would be prepared to try”
of the environment. as likely to consider cars to be
the leading source of pollution.
7 out of 10 believe that cars
Take advantage of scrappage/green premiums 41 There has been a major surge
are the leading cause of pollution.
in hybrid and electric vehicle
Buy a more fuel-efficient vehicle 34
1 in 2 are considering buying purchase intentions, especially
a hybrid car, 1 in 3 an electric car. in urban areas.
Spend less on a new vehicle (forgo some options, 33
smaller vehicle, lower down in the range) Faced with high fuel costs,
Only 1 in 5 consider the purchase
Use car sharing as a passenger 27 more millennials than seniors
of a car to be a significant expense.
give up on using their cars.
Purchase cheaper insurance
27
offering less cover For 9 out of 10 motorists, fuel is their main Seniors and rural populations are
automotive expense. more in favour of lowering taxes
Drive less 23
to boost purchasing power.
1 in 2 opt for an alternative to driving
Maintain your car yourself or have it done 23
by someone you know because of the high cost of fuel. Ride sharing as a passenger
is most common in the emerging
Purchase cheaper insurance by checking 22
insurance comparison websites 6 out of 10 would prefer the government countries and China.
to lower taxes to boost purchasing power.
Avoid tolls by taking alternative options 22
Use another form of transport instead 21
4 out of 10 drive less to reduce
(public transport, cycling, train, etc.) their vehicle running costs.
Have your car serviced elsewhere 21
than at manufacturer dealerships 1 in 4 are considering ride sharing
Buy a used car 20
to reduce costs.
Buy a car collectively (to be shared 17
with one or more neighbours)
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
40 41THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
NEW MOBILITY
SOLUTIONS THAT
ARE YET TO PROVE
THEIR WORTH
Purchase, use, wear out, replace… The era of the traditional
vehicle life cycle appears to be over. The schisms listed
above are prompting the emergence of new solutions.
Some have already seen the light of day, while others are
still being examined. But do they have a long-term future?
Will they be able to overcome the obstacles they face
and satisfy expectations that differ among clientele
categories, countries and types of residential area?
42 43REINVENTING
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
MOTORING
THROUGH
Global automotive mobility services
Acquisition Investment Subsidiary Partnership
SERVICES
-
- -
- - -
- -
- - -
-
The automotive sector has entered a period of creative without necessarily generating immediate profits.
vibrancy that it has rarely experienced before. The successes we witness conceal many failed projects
-
New technologies are reinventing the car. Service-based that vanish almost as quickly as they appear. The biggest
solutions are primarily geared towards meeting the challenge players acquire the smallest. What’s more, the creation
posed by traffic flows in congested and polluted cities. by major car brands of global mobility approaches highlights - - -
The profitability and therefore the sustainability of the reality that cars still need to hold a certain appeal
these offerings raise certain questions. The development and build their future around new practices such as ride
of leading brands requires significant capital investment, sharing and car sharing. Source: https://www.cargroup.org/disrupted-by-mobility-startups-automakers-reshape-their-roles/
44 45The United States and Asia,
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
the two major hubs for new mobility solutions
DIFFE R E N T O P T IO N S FO R A DIFFE R E N T • Another option is ride sharing over short or long
A P P R O A C H TO MOTO R IN G distances, whether it be for commuting purposes or
To travel by car without having to own one, a number for holiday travel (Blablacar, the global leader in ride
of services are available: sharing, is based in France).
• Car sharing, i.e., a fleet of cars made available to • Meanwhile, long-term hire, with or without the option
consumers by public or private operators. This type of of buying the car when the contract expires, was devised
solution is now available as a direct peer-to-peer service, to attract the growing number of motorists who are less
The United States and Asia, China in particular, are clearly at the forefront
supported by digital firms (e.g., US company Getaround, interested in ownership. Today, motorists are even being
of new mobility solutions, thanks to their industry-leading brands.
which acquired France’s Drivy in 2019). invited to rent out the vehicle that they themselves are
But beyond their stock market attractiveness, these firms still have
hiring…
to convince the world of their ability to generate sustainable profits.
DiDi, a Chinese ride-hailing service
Uber, an international ride-hailing and delivery service
UNITED STATES, EUROPE AND CHINA:
Grab: a Southeast Asian ride-hailing and delivery service
Lyft, an American ride-hailing service
Both renter and rentee MICROMOBILITY HAS A BRIGHT FUTURE
Estimated size of the micromobility market
Airbnb
Car leasing has grown at a rapid rate in recent years. Like in 2030 by region, in billions of dollars
other living expenses, cars are gradually being switched
AUTOMOTIVE MOBILITY SERVICE OFFERINGS over to the subscription economy, with consumers United ~ 200 ~ 300
Estimated value of the company in billions of dollars (n years after stock market flotation) treating them as a service instead of taking ownership of States
an item that is subject to wear and tear. There are many
Europe ~ 100 ~ 150
advantages for consumers: they always have use of one of
80
the latest cars, because they are able to regularly replace
it, there are no uncertainties over residual value and no China ~ 30 ~50
70
concerns about a future part exchange or having to sell
the vehicle second hand. The benefits for society are also
60
significant, given that more new and therefore greener
vehicles are on the road.
50
“We can do even more and we can do it better,” says Jean-
Claude Puerto-Salavert, an entrepreneur specializing in The price of ~ 47.5 million
40 car rental and the CEO of Ucar. An advocate of the sharing micromobility people cycle
economy, Jean-Claude recently launched Ucar2share in services stands regularly
30 France, an “alternative leasing” system that offers its at just ~20% of
customers a substantial discount on their rent in exchange that applied in
20 for making their car available to others for a few days a the United States
month. Once considered exclusive and purely as being
10 expense items, cars are becoming a collective asset and
a source of income for leaseholders. Meanwhile, short-
Source: www.mckinsey.com/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/
0 term rental offerings are expanding and becoming more micromobilitys-15000-mile-checkup
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 n accessible to a whole community of people who do not
have their own car. “Having been the symbol of individual
freedom in the 20th century, cars are set to become
Source: https://travelandmobility.tech/infographics/ champions of the freedom offered by sharing,” predicts
Jean-Claude Puerto-Salavert.
46 47RIDE SHARING:
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
A FINANCIAL
Fig. 26 and 27
What are (or would be) your main motivations What are (or would be) your main motivations
for ride sharing as a driver? for ride sharing as a passenger?
In %, maximum of three answers In %, maximum of three answers
IMPERATIVE
Earning money 44 Saving money 51
Doing something Doing something
38 35
for the environment for the environment
Being helpful to others 33 For practical reasons 34
Meeting new people 17 Meeting new people 15
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
FO R MILLE N N IA LS , E A R N IN G MO N E Y
IS T HE P R IO R IT Y
The generational divide is just as significant here. are also cited by a large proportion of millennials,
Millennials are much more likely than their elders to be they passengers or drivers. However, the difference
consider ride sharing to earn money. Even more striking between urbanites and country dwellers is not huge.
is the fact that seniors are more mindful of environmental Their reasons for ride sharing are almost identical,
aspects. However, the social aspects of ride sharing with a priority placed on financial concerns (Fig. 28).
Fig. 28 What are (or would be) your main motivations for ride sharing as a passenger?
In %, maximum of three answers
Age 18-34
Age 55 and over
Saving money 57
41
Doing something 39
for the environment 30
For practical reasons 38
29
AN AF F O RD A BL E O PTI O N , Meeting new people 18
11
E S P E C I AL LY I N EM ER GI N G CO UN TRIES
People often use ride sharing for financial reasons, South Africa, Turkey and Brazil have the highest I don’t have a car 19
11
whether as a passenger or a driver (Fig. 26 and 27). proportions of drivers who partake in ride sharing for
1
51% of the former do so to save money, while 44% of economic reasons. Conversely, the Germans and especially Other (please specify) 1
the latter do so for that reason. Environmental concerns the Japanese tend not to be preoccupied by the thought.
None of the above 14
come second (35% and 38%). The French post a close-to-average score. 37
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
48 49REJECTING
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
RIDE SHARING:
THE YOUNG LIKE TO CHOOSE WHO THEY TRAVEL WITH
The reasons why people avoid ride sharing are completely Millennials also like being able to decide who they travel
unrelated. Many passengers simply prefer to drive (44%), with (31%). This generation’s keenness to travel with
especially seniors (46%), with fewer millennials sharing friends probably explains this view. This point is important
MONEY ISN’T
this view (38%). This attitude is most prevalent in the to South Africans and Turks, much less so to the Italians,
United States and Germany, with the Japanese being Japanese and Belgians (Fig. 29).
the happiest to let someone else drive.
Fig. 29 What are the main reasons why you do not/no longer ride share as a passenger?
EVERYTHING
In %, maximum of three answers
Age 18-34 Age 55 and over
38
I prefer to drive
46
31
I prefer to choose who I travel with
24
22
I don’t get the opportunity to ride share
29
22
There are too many constraints
24
20
I have had/am worried about having a bad experience
13
I prefer to take public transport 19
20
I prefer to use a quicker 17
form of transport 9
Other (please specify) 2
4
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
50 5135%
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
I N R UR AL A R EA S, R I D E SHA RI N G S E N IO R S WA N T T R AVE L FR E E DO M,
I S NOT REA L LY A N O PTI O N
Urbanites and rural populations do not have the same
this is only true of 14% of those who live in smaller towns
with fewer services.
MILLE N N IA LS A R E MO R E A P P R E HE N S IVE
For drivers, the constraints inherent to ridesharing prevent
Ride sharing: fears over safety
level of access to ride sharing. 35% of country dwellers Lastly, one-quarter of respondents believe that ride them from embracing the practice. Seniors are keener
don’t have the opportunity to ride share, compared sharing comes with too many constraints. And for once, than millennials to preserve their travel freedom (38% vs.
with just 20% of people in cities. Conversely, while 28% young and old, urbanites and country dwellers, all cite 32%), 35% of respondents also state that they do not want
of inhabitants of large cities prefer public transport, this point in similar proportions (Fig. 30). to take any risks. Identical reasons are given by millennials
and seniors, urbanites and country dwellers. One nation,
Brazil, stands apart with 54%, probably due to a strong
sense of fear about safety. of people avoid ride sharing because they do not want
Millennials are also more likely to cite previous bad to take any risks. This is a choice that seems justified
Fig. 30 What are the main reasons why you do not/no longer ride share as a passenger?
experiences as a reason for giving up ride sharing by experiences in China. Following two murders in July
In %, maximum of three answers
(25% vs. 14%). Drivers who have been left with a negative 2018, the Chinese government banned ride sharing
perception tend to live in cities, which is the case services based on ride hailing. In July 2019, these services
in Turkey, Japan or China (Fig. 31). were still suspended. At the time, DiDi had not yet set
City > 1,000,000 inhabitants In a rural area/in a city < 20,000 inhabitants a timetable for their resumption.
40
I prefer to drive
40
30 Fig. 31 What are the main reasons why you do not/no longer ride share as a driver?
I prefer to choose who I travel with
28 In %, maximum of three answers
28
I prefer to take public transport
14
Age 18-34
Age 55 and over 48
24 There are too many constraints
There are too many constraints 51
23
35
I prefer not to take risks 34
20
I don’t get the opportunity to ride share
35
33
I prefer to choose who I travel with
30
20
I have had/am worried about having a bad experience 29
16 I prefer to be alone
29
13 25
I prefer to use a quicker form of transport I have had/am worried about having a bad experience
14 14
3
3 Other (please specify)
Other (please specify) 5
4
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
52 53CAR SHARING:
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
THE ADVANTAGES
E A R N IN G MO N E Y YE S , B U T T HAT ’ S N OT A LL… be tempted to say, millennials view car sharing through
Economic factors are the number one motivation cited private companies or with other private individuals as
for ride sharing. They are also the main reason why people a way of earning money (36% and 47%). They also engage
engage in car sharing, on a par with concern for the in the practice due to environmental concerns (33% and
REMAIN TO BE
environment and basic practicality. These three reasons 46%) and for practical reasons (27% and 42%).
generated almost equal scores, whether it be on the topic
of peer-to-peer car sharing (49%, 49% and 46%) or car S E N I O R S A R E O PE N TO N E W H O R I ZO N S
sharing through a private company (29%, 29% and 28%). There is a distinct lack of symmetry in the answers
It should be highlighted that financial motivations are of seniors. Their reasons for car sharing are rooted
more predominant in South Africa, Brazil and Turkey in environmental and practical concerns, while financial
CONFIRMED
(Fig. 32 and 33). reasons follow in third place. However, seniors are more
likely than millennials to want to earn money through
MILLE N N IA LS A R E A LWAYS KE E N TO P R O FIT peer-to-peer car sharing (50% vs. 47%). This is an atypical
A generational analysis again reveals clear differences, result that is worth underlining (Fig. 34 and 35).
albeit with a certain degree of nuance. As usual, one could
Fig. 32 and 33
What are (or would be) your main motivations What are (or would be) your main motivations
for car sharing through a private company for car sharing with other individuals?
(Citiz, Car2Move, etc.)? In %, maximum of three answers
In %, maximum of three answers
Doing something for the environment 29 Doing something for the environment 49
For practical reasons 29 For practical reasons 49
Earning money 29 Earning money 46
Gaining access to low-emission zones Gaining access to low-emission zones
14 27
(electric vehicle) (electric vehicle)
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
54 55THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
Fig. 34 What are (or would be) your main motivations for car sharing through a private company
(Citiz, Car2Move, etc.)? A LLO W IN G OT HE R S TO U S E O N E ’ S C A R : Identical differences appear regarding the question
In %, three possible answers A N O R T H-S O U T H DIVIDE of average duration. The figure is 7.5 days in China,
People’s resistance to car sharing remains considerable three times more than in Germany and the Netherlands,
when it comes to making their own vehicle available the two countries at the bottom of this ranking (Fig. 36).
to others. A dividing line separates Western economies The monthly sum that would prompt motorists to accept
Age 18-34 36
Earning money
19 from emerging countries. 1 in 2 inhabitants of the former car sharing suggests their their opposition is not so clear.
Age 55 and over
(except for Poland and Italy) would not even consider it At the top of the list, the Japanese would require a fee
Doing something for the environment 33
25 for one day. On the other hand, only 1 in 3 Turks, South twice as high as the Chinese, who can be found at the
For practical reasons 29 Africans and Brazilians, not to mention only 1 in 5 Chinese, bottom. The respective living standards of the two
25 categorically refuse to make their vehicles available countries partly explain this gap (Fig. 37).
None of the above 24 for car sharing.
52
Gaining access to low-emission zones 18
(electric vehicle) 11 How many days per month would you be willing to make your vehicle available for car sharing
Fig.36
18 (with the days planned in advance)?
Having access to reserved parking spaces
8 In %, only one possible answer
26 29%
Having access to priority lanes 14
5
South Africa
32 EUROPE WORLD
%
1 31
Other (please specify)
1 AVERAGE AVERAGE
19
Germany 69
56% 49%
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
1-7 DAYS
25
1-7 DAYS
Belgium 58
39
Brazil 32
33
What are (or would be) your main motivations for car sharing with other individuals? China
0 DAYS 0 DAYS
Fig. 35 22
In %, three possible answers 21
Spain 55
27
United States 59
Age 18-34 France
23 More than
Age 55 and over
59 15 days
30
47 Italy 48 49
Earning money
50 8-14 10
Doing something for the environment 46 Japan
24 days
55
53 12
42 Netherlands
27 WORLD
For practical reasons
59 63 0 days
Choosing a private individual 29 34
AVERAGE
Poland 44
over a private company 24
26
Having access to reserved 25 Portugal 53 1-7 29
parking spaces 15 days
29
2 United Kingdom 58
Other (please specify) 5
41
Turkey 32 Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem
56 57123 122 Car sharing: Asia leads the way
THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020 THE AUTOMOTIVE DIVIDE 2020
Fig. 37 How much financial compensation
per month would you accept to make
€ €
your vehicle available for car sharing?
EUROPE WORLD
In %, only one possible answer. In euros.
AVERAGE AVERAGE
When it comes to car sharing, the Asian market clearly leads the way ahead
190 of Europe and the United States, thanks to its continued and sustained
161
development. China’s contribution is obviously significant, with companies
growing thanks to government programs and varying levels of support
138
122 128 129 122 126 from the authorities.
113 101 100 100 106 105
95
Members Vehicles
GROWTH OF CAR SHARING IN ASIA GROWTH OF CAR SHARING IN EUROPE
Germany
Belgium
Brazil
China
Spain
United States
France
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Turkey
South Africa
10,000,000 100,000 5,000,000 100,000
8,000,000 80,000 4,000,000 80,000
6,000,000 60,000 3,000,000 60,000
Source: L’Observatoire Cetelem 4,000,000 40,000 2,000,000 40,000
2,000,000 20,000 1,000,000 20,000
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
GROWTH OF CAR SHARING IN NORTH AMERICA
2,000,000 30,000
1,000,000 20,000
800,000 10,000
600,000 5,000
400,000 1,000
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Source: Shaheen, Spring Carsharing Outlook, 2018
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49j961wb#main
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