Digital learning - Computer Society Of India
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
52 pages including cover
Knowledge Digest for IT Community
Volume No. 43 | Issue No. 4 | juLY 2019 50/-
ISSN 0970-647X
digital
learning
www.csi-india.org
COVER STORY RESEARCH FRONT
Digital Learning : An Overview 06 Digital Learning:
Inherent Risks and Preventive Measures 30
Technical Trends ARTICLE
A Brief Introduction to HR Analytics and Reporting 24 A Framework for Next Generation Digital
Learning Environment 35
Know Your CSI
Executive Committee (2019-20/21)
President Vice President cum President Elect Hon. Secretary
Prof. A K Nayak Mr. R K Vyas Dr. Santosh Kumar Yadav
(E) aknayak@iibm.in (E) rkvyas05@gmail.com (E) secretary@csi-india.org
Hon. Treasurer Immd. Past President (2017-18)
Dr. Durgesh Mishra Mr. Sanjay Mohapatra
(E) drdurgeshmishra@gmail.com (E) smohapatra70@yahoo.co.in
Regional Vice-Presidents
Region-I (2019-21) Region-II (2019-21) Region-III (2019-21) Region-IV (2018-20)
Mr. Arvind Sharma Md. Shams Raza Mr. Jayant Binde Er. Nachindra K Behera
(E) rvp1@csi-india.org (E) s_raza2000yahoo.com (E) jayantbhide2000@gmail.com (E) nachindrabehera@gmail.com
Region-V (2019-21) Region-VI (2018-20) Region-VII (2019-21) Region-VIII (2019-21)
Mr. M. S. Prasadbabu Mr. Pradeep Rathi Prof. Dr. M Sundaresan Mr. Konatham Mohan Raidu
(E) profmspbabu@gmail.com (E) pjrathi61@gmail.com (E) bu.sundaresan@gmail.com (E) kmraidu@informaticsindia.com
Division Chairpersons
Division-I (2019-21) Division-II (2018-20) Division-III (2019-21)
Mr. Manas Ranjan Pattnaik Col. Balraj Anand Prof. Suresh Chand Tyagi
(E) manas@anthemgt.com (E) b_anand6@rediffmail.com (E) sct_35_2000@yahoo.com
sctyagi1963@gmail.com
Division-IV (2018-20) Division-V (2019-21)
Prof. Vibhakar Mansotra Dr. Subhash Chandra Yadav
(E) vibhakar20@yahoo.co.in (E) scy123@gmail.com
Nomination Committee (2019-2021)
Arvind M Nayak Mr. Deepak Sharma Dr. R R Deshmukh
(E) amnayak@hotmail.com (E) dsharmaji@gmail.com (E) rrdeshmukh.csit@bamu.ac.in
From the Desk of Chairman, Publication Committee
Dear Fellow Members,
It is a pleasure to pen this write up more prominent and getting strengthened. Some academic
for this issue. It is needless to say that CSI institutions have already started courses of study in disciplines
Publications – be it CSIC, JOC or Adyayan such as Data Science, AI & Machine learning. I am sure many
are a strong media which take CSI to other universities/ academic institutions will take a lead in this
greater heights. In the past, the entire direction. If we do not do, some others will do. When this is
IT industry, academia viewed CSI rather so, there is an absolute need for CSI to go for quality articles/
seriously and with respect. A lot of support
research papers in its publications. It is a cycle. The more the
was forthcoming from State and Central
quality – the more the recognition.
governments and National organizations. All
the office bearers, Divisional and Regional chairmen worked Rightly, President, CSI has invited in the May and June
relentlessly in promoting IT and Electronics wings of CSI. issues of CSI Communications quality articles from members
The interaction between the industry and the academia was and researchers for publication. Let us work in this direction.
very strong and with mutual understanding. It is high time that Kindly send your articles to any the Chief Editors/Editors/me.
this environment is further strengthened. This is possible with With best compliments,
concerted efforts of all of us. Dr. D. D. Sarma
Areas such as AI, IoT, Big data analytics are becoming Chief Scientist (R), CSIR-NGRI, CSIR-NGRI, Hyderabad.
CSI Communications V o l u m e N o . 4 3 • I s s u e N o . 4 • J ULY 2 0 1 9
Contents
Chief Editor
S S Agrawal
KIIT Group, Gurgaon
Editor Cover Story
dR. RITIKA WASON
Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Institute Digital Learning : An Overview 06
of Computer Applications and Pranjali Vatsalaya
Management (BVICAM) Digital Learning 08
E-mail: rit_2282@yahoo.co.in T. Jayanthy, D. Rajeswari and S. Sathiya Priya
Published by Digital Learning: A Mysterious Potential 11
AKSHAYA KUMAR NAYAK Deepak Sharma and Dr. Priti Sharma
For Computer Society of India Digital Learning: From Conventional to Next Generation Learning 14
Preeti Gulia and Ayushi Chahal
Editorial Board:
Arun B Samaddar, NIT, Sikkim Digital Learning - A Paradigm Shift in Education 18
Anitha P
Bhabani Shankar Prasad Mishra,
KIIT University, Bhubanewar Digital Learning 21
Debajyoti Mukhopadhyay, MIT, Pune A. R. Revathi and Shwettha M
J Yogapriya, Kongunadu Engg. College, Trichy
Technical Trends
M Sasikumar, CDAC, Mumbai, A Brief Introduction to HR Analytics and Reporting 24
R Subburaj, SRM University, Chennai K.V.N. Rajesh and K.V.N. Ramesh
R K Samanta, Siliguri Inst. of Tech., West Bengal Role of Virtual Reality in Surgical Simulation – A Digital learning Strategy in Healthcare 28
R N Behera, NIC, Bhubaneswar Archana Sasi
Sudhakar A M, University of Mysore
Research front
Sunil Pandey, ITS, Ghaziabad
Introduction and Initiatives of Digital Learning Schemes in Indian Higher Education 30
Shailesh K Srivastava, NIC, Patna Mamoon Rashid, Vishal Goyal, Shalu Jindal, Harjeet Singh and Unnati Gulaty
Vishal Mehrotra, TCS An Introduction to Pervasive Biomedical Informatics 33
Partha Pratim Ray and Poulami Majumder
Design, Print and Dispatch by Articles
GP Offset Pvt. Ltd. A Framework for Next Generation Digital Learning Environment 35
S. Balakrishnan and D. Prabha
Indian Government’s Initiative for Digital Learning 39
Ashish Agrawal and Gargi Agarwal
Please note:
CSI Communications is published by Computer
Society of India, a non-profit organization.
Views and opinions expressed in the CSI
Communications are those of individual
authors, contributors and advertisers and they
PLUS
may differ from policies and official statements
of CSI. These should not be construed as legal
Call for Paper for CSI Journal of Computing 07
or professional advice. The CSI, the publisher, Workshop on IBM Cloud and Services - A Report 23
the editors and the contributors are not
responsible for any decisions taken by readers Executive Committee Resolution 41
on the basis of these views and opinions.
Although every care is being taken to ensure National Conference on Industry 4.0 (NCI4.0- 2019) 42
genuineness of the writings in this publication,
CSI Communications does not attest to the Life Membership Form (Summer Offer) 44
originality of the respective authors’ content.
© 2012 CSI. All rights reserved.
Matdaan Sankalp Abhiyan - A Report 47
Instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated Management practices in Ancient India - Presentation Report 48
articles for non-commercial classroom use
without fee. For any other copying, reprint or From CSI Chapters & Divisions 49
republication, permission must be obtained
in writing from the Society. Copying for other From CSI Student Branches 51
than personal use or internal reference, or of
articles or columns not owned by the Society Printed and Published by Akshaya Kumar Nayak on behalf of Computer Society of India, Printed GP Offset Pvt. Ltd.
without explicit permission of the Society or 269, 2nd Floor, A-2, Shah & Nahar Indl. Estate, Sitaram Jadhav Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400 013 and Published from
the copyright owner is strictly prohibited. Samruddhi Venture Park, Unit No. 3, 4th Floor, Marol Industrial Area, Andheri (East), Mumbai 400 093. • Email : hq@csi-india.org
Chief Editor: S. S. Agrawal
3
C S I C o m m u n ic a t i o n s | J U L Y 2 0 1 9
Editorial
Prof. (Dr.) S. S. Agrawal Dr. Ritika Wason
Chief Editor Editor
Dear Readers
“Online learning is not the next big thing, it is the now big Analytics and Reporting” by K.V.N Rajesh and K.V.N Ramesh
thing.” - Donna J. Abernathy delves into the specifics of HR Analytics. The next article, “Role
The above quote by Donna J. Abernathy, an educational of Virtual reality in Surgical Simulation- A Digital Learning
author does not just indicate a new phenomenon, but it Strategy in Healthcare” by Archana Sasi discusses how
highlights the new renaissance in education, termed “Digital Virtual reality is enabling surgical simulations and promoting
Learning.” All over the globe educationists, philanthropists, digital learning in healthcare. The article in research front,
policy makers are finding new means and mechanisms to “Introduction and Initiatives of Digital Learning Schemes in
make learning possible for one and all irrespective of their Indian Higher Education” by Mamoon Rashid, Harjeet Singh,
age, location, or availability. Replacing the conventional modes Vishal Goyal, Unnaty Gulati and Shalu Jindal further reiterates
and means of learning, Digital Education is emerging as the the effects of digital learning in the Indian Higher Education
new frontier enabling anytime learning for everyone at their scenario. The next article, “An Introduction to Pervasive
own pace and in the domain of their interest. Digital learning Biomedical Informatics” by Partha Pratim Ray and Poulami
is changing the face of education in India rapidly, crating Majumder elaborates on the field of biomedical informatics.
increased learner power and also changing the educational The article, “A Framework for Next Generation Digital Learning
landscape of rural India. As professional, we can develop Environment” by S. Balakrishnan and D. Prabha beautifully
competence in accessing and sharing knowledge through explores the next generation digital learning environment. The
these techniques and tools. cover story entitled, “Indian Government’s Initiative for Digital
Learning” by Ashish Agrawal and Gargi Agrawal introduces
After exploring the domain of Emotional Intelligence
the varied Indian Government digital learning initiatives.
in June-2019 issue, we have dedicated this issue to Digital
Learning and its impact in varied domains. This issue The issue also reports workshop on IBM Cloud and
showcases articles exploring the field of Digital Learning. Services at BVICAM, New Delhi. Matdaan Sankalp Abhiyan by
Lucknow Chapter has also been reported and Management
The fundamentals of Digital Learning have been
Practices in Ancient India by Chennai Chapter is also covered.
effectively traced by Pranjali Vatsalya in the first cover story
Various CSI chapter, divisions and student branch activities
entitled “Digital Learning-An Overview.” With relatable
carried out all across the nation have also been highlighted.
examples they explain the concept, applications and trends in
digital learning. The next story entitled, “Digital Learning” by We are extremely thankful to all our contributors as well
T. Jayanthy, D. Rajeswari and S. SathiyaPriya further clarifies as readers. Original, plagiarism-free, unpublished articles are
the fundamentals of Digital Learning while highlighting some solicited throughout the year from CSI members as well as
of its notable applications. The hidden potential of Digital non-members. Our sincere gratitude to the CSI publication
Learning has further been elaborated in “Digital Learning: A committee members, editorial board members, authors and
Mysterious Potential” by Deepak Sharma and Priti Sharma. reviewers for their great contribution and support in realising
Over the years digital learning has not just been confined this issue.
to a particular technology-driven platform, instead with the Our special thanks to Prof. A. K. Nayak, President, CSI
advancement of technology digital learning strategies have for his constant encouragement, support and guidance in
also grown in leaps and bounds. The next cover story entitled, publication of July, 2019 issue.
“Digital Learning: From Traditional to Technological Learning”
by Preeti Gulia and Ayushi Chahal explores the same. The cover We look forward to receive constructive feedback and
story, “Digital Learning- A Paradigm Shift in Education” by suggestions from our esteemed members and readers at
Anitha P investigates the components of Digital Learning while csic@csi-india.org
comparing it to conventional learning mechanisms. The final With kind regards,
cover story, “Digital Learning” by A. R. Revathi and Shwettha
Prof. (Dr.) S. S. Agrawal, Chief Editor
M further reiterates the components and characteristics of
Director General KIIT, Former Emeritus Scientist CSIR,
digital learning.
Advisor CDAC, Noida
The technical trends section showcases the different
industrial trends supported either directly or indirectly by Dr. Ritika Wason, Editor
digital learning. The first article “A Brief Introduction to HR Associate Professor, BVICAM, New Delhi
www.csi-india.org
4
C S I C o m m u n ic a t i o n s | J U L Y 2 0 1 9
Computer Society of India
TM
http://www.csi-india.org
President’s Desk
From : President, Computer Society of India
Date : 01 July, 2019
Email : president@csi-india.org / Cell : (91) 82106 93239
Currently, the nation battles a spate of issues & problems like Though CSI is having good number of Chapters, Institutional
skill-gap and unemployability and the present education system is Members, Student Branches still then it’s association with the
having the issues ranging from an outdated syllabus, Infrastructure, increasing number of companies & corporations are most required.
lack of hands-on practical experience, lack of quality educators and In this direction, the efforts will be to enhance our services so as to
so forth. render satisfactory services to the members & ensure their continued
association.
Higher education in India continues to remain a dream for many
students. But with an initiative like digital India, the Human Resource Technical activities are conducted by the chapters & student
Development Ministry is promoting & spreading the digital learning branches which are quite visible by the reports published in CSI
to provide greater access to higher education to the masses in India. Communications. Chapters & student branches are requested to
come with more & more technical activities to cater the effective
Top & premier institutes of the country both in the public and
services to their members because it is the need that members should
private sector have agreed to join hands with the Human Resources
be addressed regularly & value to members should be enhanced.
Development Ministry to formulate & develop a cohesive structure
and policy for digital education system. Hence digital learning is
Summer Discount in Membership fees
gaining popularity in India.
CSI has taken an initiative to make the exponential growth in its
The theme of this issue of CSI Communications Digital Learning life membership enrollment for which 15% discount in life membership
is of great importance as it will focus on technology innovation and fees has been announced. The life membership enrollment form is
trend setting initiatives in primary, middle, higher & mass education. also given in this issue for availing the opportunity of membership
The Society will experience the contribution of this great Technology in discount. I request all the hon’ble members of the CSI to make wide
the current decade but the benefits of the same should be completely publicity of this summer discount scheme among their relations &
and uniformly understood and utilized by the learners of formal, non known circle which is for the time period from 15th May to 15th July
formal, working professionals & masses in general. 2019.
In recent years CSI has played a significant role in creating IT I seek the active & kind support of the Members to make CSI
awareness by organizing massive numbers of seminars, conferences more Dynamic, Vibrant, Productive & sustainable to achieve the height
& workshops starting from Chapter level, State level, National level of excellence.
& International level on current state of affairs of technological
I sincerely request all the Office Bearers, Executive Members,
development. The Past few months have witnessed more than
Chapter Managing Committee, CSI student Branch Coordinators,
hundreds of events which was regularly published in past issues
SIG Managing Committee & CSI office staffs to kindly work with
of CSI Communications. In coming months the quantum of such
responsibility for the Society (CSI) to serve honestly for the cause of
activities are in progress & such events will be regularly covered in
every Division, Region, Chapter, SIG, Student Branch & every Individual
CSI Communication.
Members including Student Members.
I request to the Regional Vice President & Chapter office Bearers
Let us come forward to make Clean CSI & Green CSI with
to kindly organize more & more activities to take forward the name & transparent activities & visions to make it Swachh, Pardarshi & Hara
fame of CSI to common masses with their realization of benefits from Vara.
this largest Society of IT professionals.
The birth of CSI was inspired by the pioneers of Information With warm regards,
Technology in India. Started with 16 members in 1965, CSI has scaled
it’s membership height to more than lakhs. It is not only the reflection
of the increasing outreach of CSI but also expanding the boundaries to
the remotest part of the country
With the faith of the members in the Society. The strength of CSI Prof. Akshaya Nayak
lies in its appeal & association with students, academicians, scientists, President, CSI
computer and IT professionals as well as practitioners.
5
C S I C o m m u n ic a t i o n s | J U L Y 2 0 1 9
COVER STORY
Digital Learning : An Overview
Pranjali Vatsalaya
3rd year student, Pursuing B.Tech in Electrical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Introduction
The trend of Digital Learning has [1] Thus making it a “choose-your-own- 2. Redesigned Learning Spaces
been around for a while. In recent times, adventure” kind of learning. Educators have realized that
all that we hear on TV and Radio is the chalkboard system isn’t always
Bollywood star Shah Rukh Khan asking the best way to occupy kids. Group
parents to let their kids grow with discussions, debates, elocution, etc.
“Interactive Learning”. That’s not it! In are the new way to go and classrooms
a recent advertisement, we could even are being designed to promote this.
hear a son tell his father that the old The 21st-century classrooms are using
days of repeated writing and by-hearting SMARTboards and pods of SMARTdesks
are gone because he has an App that as an alternative to chalkboards. [2]
helps him learn with such interest that
he doesn’t forget concepts forever.
This is the future of learning. Today,
we see kids talking to their devices and
Fig. 2: Diversity of content in Digital
discussing their doubts. Gone are those
Learning
days when parents had to come up with
interesting ideas to motivate their kid Current Trends
to study. With Digital Learning apps It was on 28th February 2012 that
everything a parent needs for his kids is Digital Learning saw a boom. On this
a click away. day, Digital Learning moved beyond
Dora-the explorer and Bob-the builder
to online platforms like Moodle and
Byju’s. And hence, 28th February
was declared as Digital Learning Day
Fig. 4: An interactive classroom
worldwide.
The following trends are influencing
student learning: 3. Cloud-based learning
1. Augmented Reality / Virtual Cloud-based learning refers to
Reality / Mixed Reality learning online from data which is
Augmented, virtual, and mixed stored on the cloud. These resources are
reality are parts of the new age virtually accessible by multiple digital
Fig. 1: Digital Learning for kids technology that improve teacher- devices. Some other benefits of having a
student interaction while simultaneously cloud-based learning system are fewer
What Is Digital Learning designing lessons that are both fun and costs for customer support, software
Wikipedia, a Digital learning engaging. Virtual Reality (VR) has the installations, and data management;
platform, defines Digital learning capacity of bringing the outside world lesser set-up time and technological
as “any instructional practice into the classroom and vice versa. [2] maintenance; flexible learning on the
that effectively uses technology to go and vast space to capture and store
strengthen a student’s learning data.
experience”. In the ever-expanding age 4. Gamification
of digitization, an increasing number of Gamification of learning refers to
students are gradually moving towards the application of video game design
digital platforms in almost every field principles in learning. The object is
including business, arts, engineering, to motivate and fascinate learners
and medical sciences. Commonly by using the same elements that
confused with eLearning, Digital make a video game challenging and
Learning includes appealing, interactive enjoyable. Drexel University’s Vice
Fig. 3: Use of Augmented Reality in
and adaptive software, conventional Digital Learning President Susan Aldridge says “These
literature, video lectures, and games. virtual game worlds provide a unique
www.csi-india.org
6
C S I C o m m u n ic a t i o n s | J U L Y 2 0 1 9
COVER STORY
opportunity to apply new knowledge grasp concepts quickly, relate theory and not a class average. Apart from this,
and make mission-critical decisions and application adeptly, and engage in AI allows the automation of meticulous
while identifying obstacles, considering receiving information readily, while also tasks, enabling teachers to play their
multiple perspectives and rehearsing advancing instructional techniques and natural role of being a motivator and
various responses.” As these games promoting the comprehensive sharing guiding force. This leads to a significant
are devised to give instant feedback, of knowledge. If knowledge is not rise in the quality of education.
students are intrinsically motivated to implemented practically, cramming up Increasing dependence on digital
keep playing them, thus sharpening a lot of theory may become tedious and content, also means that the content
their skills. unproductive. Hence it is important to needs to be designed, customized,
know the practical applications of the and updated in real time. But with the
topics studied. An effective way to do this present diversity of subjects, this seems
Learning
Tools
LOR
Presentation
Tools
is to include real-life demonstrations, like a Herculean task. By using AI, we
scenarios and artificial simulations can digitize books and create digital
Analytics
Digital Learning Platform Course
Management
coupled with theory. However, it is not learning interfaces that are relevant to
to be forgotten that even though the students of all age and grades.[3] As
Assessments & Assignment &
Communication
technology is changing the role of a AI educational solutions continue to
teacher, it will never eliminate the need develop, we hope that AI will help bridge
Gradebook SIS, LDAP Tools
& SSO
for one. With Digital Learning, teachers the gap between teaching and learning,
Fig. 5: Digital Learning platform will be equipped to provide personalized thus allowing schools and teachers to
guidance and supervision to guarantee do more than ever before.
Its impact on the education system that the students learn and stay on References
Now, what’s new with Digital track. [1] [1] https://gosa.georgia.gov/what-digital-
Learning is that the student can choose Behind the Scenes learning
his own topic, language, time, place, and Today, no industry is untouched by [2] h t t p s : // w w w. fo r b e s . co m / s i t e s /
danielnewman/2017/07/18/top-6-
a convenient pace, thus allowing him to the miracles of artificial intelligence.
digital-transformation-trends-in-
study without worrying about timetables With AI incorporated in education, there education/#6117f4742a9a
and schedules. Digital Learning is now a degree of personalized learning [3] https://www.livemint.com/
technology can enable students to where each student studies at his pace n
About the Author
Pranjali Vatsalaya is a 3rd-year student, currently pursuing B.Tech in Electrical Engineering from Indian Institute of
Technology, Madras. Her Research interests include Defence technology, Internet of Things and Machine Learning. She
is currently working on a project on Signal Processing and Wireless communications. Apart from being an avid reader,
she holds the prestigious NTSE scholarship and has also represented her college in various inter-college Volleyball
tournaments.
Call for Paper for CSI Journal of Computing
(e-ISSN: 2277-7091)
Original Research Papers are invited for the CSI Journal of Computing, published on line quarterly (e-ISSN: 2277-7091) by
the Computer Society of India (CSI). The Journal of Computing, offers good visibility of online research content on computer
science theory, Languages & Systems, Databases, Internet Computing, Software Engineering and Applications. The journal
also covers all aspects of Computational intelligence, Communications and Analytics in computer science and engineering.
Journal of Computing intended for publication of truly original papers of interest to a wide audience in Computer Science,
Information Technology and boundary areas between these and other fields.
The articles must be written using APA style in two columns format. The article should be typed, double-spaced on standard-
sized (8.5” x 11”) with 1” margins on all sides using 12 pt. Times New Roman font and 8-12 pages in length. The standard
international policy regarding similarity with existing articles will be followed prior to publication of articles. The paper is
to be sent to Dr. R R Deshmukh, Chief Editor in the email id: rrdeshmukh.csit@bamu.ac.in with a copy to Prof. A K Nayak,
Publisher, in the email id : aknayak@iibm.in and Dr. Brojo Kishore Mishra in email id: brojomishra@gmail.com.
Prof. A K Nayak
Publisher
7
C S I C o m m u n ic a t i o n s | J U L Y 2 0 1 9
COVER STORY
Digital Learning
T. Jayanthy D. Rajeswari S. Sathiya Priya
Professor in Electronics and Communication Assistant Professor in ECE Dept., Associate Professor in Panimalar
Department in Sathyabama University Panimalar Institute of Technology, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai
“Once you stop Learning, you start dying”
— Albert Einstein
Introduction
Digital is a word with numerous and other electronic contraptions. The
potential implications and suppositions. substance is composed by exceptionally
The strict significance references experienced scholastic substance
innovation or encoding data in zeros. Video Classrooms Interactive e-lessons journalists and they are enlightening
We live in the advanced age, a time upheld by videos and images for better
unmistakable as a result of pervasive understanding.
systems administration and productive Virtual Classrooms Instructor-led Digital Learning Technologies
utilization of innovation in practically
all parts of every day human life. We
have been living in this time since the
Online discussions Electronic simulations
Internet started to change how we
live, making Digital communication an Mobile Learnings
essential normal for human activity.
A large portion of you more likely Self-paced
than not caught wind of Digital learning.
The E-Education has surely lighted the
instructing division. Gone are the times
of slates, the chalks and the dusters.
They have been substituted with
electronic instruction which fortifies
understudy’s learning knowledge.
Scope of Digital Learning Portable Devices
free. You can download recordings Computers accustomed be the first
Freedom to choose the place of the classes from web and you can
Digital learning or e-education appliance for accessing the internet, yet
comprehend what was educated in the Tablets and smart phones are measure
is not bounded with the traditional class today.
classroom type of teaching where every leading the pack. These days’ individuals
period was supposed to be of forty Speed and Convenience utilize an assortment of mobile phones,
minutes but it has given the freedom to There is no compelling reason contingent upon where they are and
both the students as well as the teachers to contend with the remainder of the what they are doing. Portability and
to choose their place. You can take class but instead e learning enables you simple access have turned out to be
online classes anyplace as indicated by to learn at your very own leisure. The significant elements for Internet users.
your accommodation including going to tutorial videos are available online and Cloud-based learning
it at the solace of your home. Be that as you can view it as many times as you Cloud-based learning alludes to
it may, this is appropriate for generally want to make your concepts clear about learning and access online data and
expert courses and not for the school a topic. This implies you don’t need to meanwhile the information is stored in
going kids. invest much time in one exercise as the cloud. Learning resources are we
then the sections become progressively can access at any time. It is virtually
Time Consumption intelligent.
Another gigantic bit of leeway available and can be accessed by
that online learning has given to the The Digitalized Content smart electronic devices. Cloud-based
understudies worldwide is that learning Digitalized substance implies you learning techniques are:
is not any more confined to explicit get fantastic scholastic substance Less costs
timings when the classes were led. which is anything but difficult to peruse Secured Data Collection
You can pick your very own adaptable and get it. It is conveyed through the Time Consumption and easy
time and begin realizing when you are different specialized instruments, for maintenance
example, PCs, PCs, mobile phones Flexible learning
www.csi-india.org
8
C S I C o m m u n ic a t i o n s | J U L Y 2 0 1 9
COVER STORY
The primary concern raised with advantage, as it technical skill expenses for using technology to alter and improve
respect to cloud-based learning is the of generation even as the time taken to learning in the least levels, altogether
security is not sufficient. make e-courses for mobile learning. places, and for individuals of all
E-Learning users ought to choose Social based Learning backgrounds. From the modernization
among facilitating and managing Social media is very powerful and of E-rate to the proliferation and
their own virtual stage and utilizing an it will be used for business learning adoption of openly licensed educational
outdoor supplier. Especially, associate also. An ever increasing number of resources, the key pieces necessary to
degree intensive comprehension of the associations understand the genuine realize best the transformations created
supplier’s provisions, requirements and intensity of social learning and urging potential by technology in education are
arrangements is principal to ensure an their representatives to collaborate in place.
unrestrained commercial activity. Digital Learning dashboards and
more inside themselves and other
Learning collaboration with Digital collaboration and communication tools
similarly invested individuals. Employers
devices willfacilitate connect academics and
and Learnerwork jointly on an activity
Digital classroom learning is families with fast ease. This all is made
and network on social platforms to
virtual data collections that users will more likely with the guidance of strong
discussion problems, queries,
store, edit, and transfer, and these vision and leadership at all levels from
Simulation Tools parents, teachers, students and experts.
collections will embrace varied formats
Simulation eLearning is a creating For these roles, too, technology permits
as text, audio, video and images. Such
new ideas and designs of innovations. greater communication, information
portfolios can be utilized for continuing
It contains multiple format like images, sharing, and improved follow in order
learning video, yet in addition building
graphic animations, video, audio. that the strong vision is owned by all
advanced profiles, investigating
Importantly, there are often custom and dedicated to helping to serving to
learning information, and as a device
designed videos or games, which could each peoplewithin the system improve
for overseeing learning networks.
very well include 3D elements using learning for students. It is a great step
Understudies will progressively utilize
simulation tools. New software learning of reasonablerisk and improvement
computerized portfolios to show their
is an example of a course that has a for the utilization of today technology
abilities and learning as they apply for
high degree of interactivity. to encourage and support the Digital
school and employments.
Game-based Interactive learning learning.
E-Learning Methods
Games area unit thought of to References
Autodidactic Method be fun by learners, however they will [1] D. Picar, E-Learning and Motivation,
These days this is the most well- be a strong techniques of experiential White Paper, ITEC at SFSU, 2004. http://
known technique that uses Wikipedia, learning as well. Many organizations itec.sfsu.edu/wp/860wp/f04_860_picar_
blog page and any perusing material specialise in the term Gamification which elearning_motivation.pdf
like ppt, pdf, documents to supply [2] Tsai, C. W. (2011a). How much can
helps them to increase productivity and
the initial data to the workers/users. computers and internet help? A long-
knowledge by motivating them to learn term study of web-mediated problem-
This also allows additionally enables with game-based courses. Gamification based learning and self-regulated
Subject consultants or experts to the focus on creating technology and learning. International Journal of
cluster type of users/educators on the motivation for the learners to find out Technology and Human Interaction,
classroom learning to resolve their the items whereas the play. 7(1), 67-81.
queries and doubts. [3] Trespalacios, J. & Rand, J. (2015). Using
asynchronous activities to promote
Mobile Learning
sense of community and learning
The ease accessibility and in an online course. International
reasonableness of smart phones Journal of Online Pedagogy and
has created the area for versatile Course Design, 5(4), 1- 13. doi:10.4018/
authorised learning or mobile based IJOPCD.2015100101
learning. Primarily dynamic terminated [4] Lin, Hung-Ming &Tsai Chin-Chung
e-content/course to versatile (2011). College students’ conceptions
excellent modules aren’t sufficient. of learning management: the difference
between traditional (face-to-face)
The capacities of the mobile phone,
instruction and Web-based learning
together with disk space, Internet environments. Learning, Media and
connection, and the displaysize should Conclusion Technology, 36(4): 437-452.
be considered. This can be enormous The timing has never been better n
9
C S I C o m m u n ic a t i o n s | J U L Y 2 0 1 9
COVER STORY
About the Authors
Dr. T. Jayanthy received doctorate degree in the field of Microwaves in Sathyabama University in 2007, B.E Electronics and
communication Engineering in 1990 and M.E degree in Microwaves and optical Engineering in 1993 from Madurai Kamaraj
University .She has more than 18 years teaching experience. She was working as a Professor in Electronics and communication
department in Sathyabama University. At present, she is working as a principal in Panimalar Institute of Technology, Chennai.
She has published several papers in international/national journal and conferences. She has published three books named
as Microwave Engineering, Optical Engineering and Transmission Lines and Waveguides. She is a fellow of CSI (N1076806),
IETE, life member of Society of EMC Engineers and a life member of Indian science congress Association and IEEE member.
D. Rajeswari received B.E degree in Electronics and communication Engg (ECE) from Sakthi mariamman Engineering College,
Chennai in 2012 and M.E in Applied Electronics from SKP Engineering College, Thiruvannamalai in 2014. She is presently
working as an Assistant Professor in ECE Dept., Panimalar Institute of Technology, Chennai.
Dr. S. Sathiya Priya received doctorate degree in the field of Ultra Wide Band Channel Estimation in Sathyabama University in
2015. She obtained her M.E., degree in Communication Systems in 2006 from Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai.
B.E Electronics and communication Engineering in 1998 from Madurai Kamaraj University. She has fourteen years of teaching
experience in under graduate and post graduate level of Engineering. She has more than 16 years teaching experience. At
present she is working as an Associate Professor in Panimalar Institute of Technology, Chennai. She has published several
papers in international/national journals and conferences. Dr. S. Sathiya Priya is a member of IEEE and life member of IETE.
(ADVERTISING TARIFF)
Rates effective from April, 2014
CSI Communications
COLOUR
Colour Artwork (Soft copy format) or positives are required for MECHANICAL DATA
colour advertisement
Back Cover ` 50,000/- Full page with Bleed 28.6 cms x 22.1 cms
Inside Covers ` 40,000/- Full Page 24.5 cms x 18.5 cms
Full Page ` 35,000/- Double Spread with Bleed 28.6 cms x 43.6 cms
Double Spread ` 65,000/- Double Spread 24.5 cms x 40 cms
Centre Spread (Additional 10% for bleed advertisement) ` 70,000/-
• Special Incentive to any Individual/Organisation for getting sponsorship 15% of the advertisement value.
• Special Discount for any confirmed advertisement for 6 months 10%.
• Special Discount for any confirmed advertisement for 12 months 15%.
• All incentive payments will be made by cheque within 30 days of receipt of payment for advertisement.
• All advertisements are subject to acceptance by the editorial team.
• Material in the form of Artwork or Positive should reach latest by 20th of the month for insertion in the following month.
All bookings should be addressed to :
Computer Society of India
TM
Unit No. 3, 4th Floor, Samruddhi Venture Park, MIDC, Andheri (E), Mumbai-400 093.
Tel. 91-22-2926 1700 • Fax: 91-22-2830 2133 | Email: hq@csi-india.org
www.csi-india.org
10
C S I C o m m u n ic a t i o n s | J U L Y 2 0 1 9COVER STORY
Digital Learning: A Mysterious Potential
Deepak Sharma and Dr. Priti Sharma
Department of Computer Science & Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana (India)
Email: erdeepaksharmabwn@gmail.com, pritish80@yahoo.co.in
1. Introduction
Digital learning simply means Talking about learning using the In 1990 the World Wide Web
learning with the help of technology. technology we have lots of online was developed so that scientists and
Anything you learn using technology platforms through which one can learn researchers from the different parts
comes under the category of digital anything. The most frequently used of the world can share information and
learning. Many people misunderstood platform is Youtube. On Youtube, 100 their research work. This is just the
it and think that learning technology Million videos watched in a single day beginning of digital learning. At that
is digital learning but that’s not and nearly 65,000 videos are added time very few people have access to
correct. Technology has become an each day. Many platforms like Youtube, technology alsothe cost of the computer
indispensable part of our life. One Unacademy, Udemy, CourseCraft, was very high. The only 10K user has
cannot separate his or her life from Skillshare simply remove all the access to the internet. Due to the high
technology because almost every task constraints between the teacher and cost, it’s impossible for the general
is somehow connected to technology. the students and simplifies the learning public to access technology. Price of a
process. computer back then was around $7,570
2. Evolution Of Digital Learning (Inflation adjusted price) around 4 lacs
As of April 2019, more than 3.2 in India rupees. The internet is also
Billion people are using the internet very expensive and having an email
worldwide. In India, more than 493 account was counted as a prestigious
million people have an active internet thing.
connection and almost 50% of the total Phase 2: 1995 to 2000: Preparation for
population uses the internet in a month. the take-off
Today you can find content related to
any topic and learn about it and all you Number of users online
need is the computer and an active 730
Million of users online
Digital learning simply means internet connection 580
learning with the help of technology. but it’s all started
460
Anything you learn using technology in the 1990s when 280
comes under the category of digital the World Wide Web 57 87
153
28 30
learning. Many people misunderstood (WWW) also known
it and think that learning technology as “The Web” was
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
is digital learning but that’s not invented by the Years
correct. Technology has become an English scientist Tim Digital Learning comes in reach
Tim Berners-Lee
indispensable part of our life. One Berners-Lee. of the general public in around 1995.
cannot separate his or her life from Phase 1: 1990 to 1995:Just the This happens due to the decrease in
technology because almost every task beginning the cost of electronic devices with the
is somehow connected to technology. advancement in the electronics world.
Internet Hosts Count
Back then computers are used only for
1M research and military purposes but by
the end of the 19th Century, people start
100 K
using the computer for general purpose
10 K such as storing and maintaining data.
The oldest K–12 online schools
1K
are a product of that time. As people
100 now getting aware of a completely new
world where they can share ideas and
10
thoughts with different people from
1 different background. World Wide Web
is not a new concept now and it’s getting
1964
1970
1976
1982
1988
1994
bigger as time passes. People started
11
C S I C o m m u n ic a t i o n s | J U L Y 2 0 1 9COVER STORY
to take online courses but still, their
number is very less. Only the privileged
class is exercising the potential.
Phase 3: 2000 to 2010: When it all
started
In the earlier 20th century with
the advancement in the electronics
field price of Electronic devices start
decreasing. Now people are buying
computers and using them for business,
education, entertainment, and
100 million videos watched per
day
65,000 videos added each day
Number of internet users in India from 2015 to 2023 (in millions)
60% of all videos watched online
800
Number of internet users in millions
YouTube sees 72 hours of newly
700 666.4
uploaded video every minute. 634.9
601
600 564.5
many other things. With the increase 525.3
483
in the number of internet users, Digital 500
437.4
Learning starts increasing exponentially. 400
In 2005, One of the biggest platform of 295.39
300 259.88
digital learning“Youtube” (14 February
2005) launched by Google. Youtube is 200
an American video sharing website.
100
Everyday lots of content uploaded and
watched by users. On Youtube, you can 0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019* 2020* 2021* 2022* 2023*
find a video for anything starting from
Additional Information:
“How to write a C program” to How to India, Statist a DMO 2015 to 2018
play a Guitar” and a lot more. Social
media platform like Facebook, Orkut
and Myspace also launched in during speed. By the end of 2023, roughly more Learning is the bridge between the
this period. than 666 million people might have Educator and the learner. It has lots of
Phase 4: 2010 to 2019: Driving with been using the internet in India. advantages some of them are:
Acceleration
People actually start considering
Digital Learning as a considerable
option for learning newthings.
Many platforms like BYJUS (2011),
Unacademy (2015), Udemy (2009)
launched and becomes successful
during this period. The main reason I. Availability of the content:
behind their success is the availability Complete content is available
of resources. According to recent online and the user can access
research by Times of India 1GB of data it anytime. For example: before
cost around $0.26 (INR 18.5) which is 3. Positive Impact of Digital Learning digital Learning, the scenario was
lowest in the world. With a decrease in Digital Learning opens a that educator and learner have to
cost, many people start using it. More completely new dimension of learning. set a fixed time and at that time
than 50% (525.3 million) of the total It actually provides “Equal opportunities they both need to be available but
population in India is using the internet of learning” for each and every person now there is no need of it. Digital
in a month and it’s increasing at a fast who is connected to the internet. Digital Learning provides us the facility
www.csi-india.org
12
C S I C o m m u n ic a t i o n s | J U L Y 2 0 1 9COVER STORY
that educator can make content 4. Negative side of Digital Learning your resource for learning wisely.
whenever feel comfortable and There is no doubt in it that Digital Lots of content available for free
learner can consume the content Learning is something which leads which is not correct. Leaning from
anytime after the creation of the the world to a better future. Digital an ambiguous source is both time-
content. Learninghas so many positive but there wasting and dangerous.
II. Location Independent: Previously is a negative side also. People should
when we didn’t have digital learning be aware of how to use the resources
setup people living in ‘X’ cities have for their betterment. Some point about
more opportunities as compared to which people should be aware of:
that of people living in a small town.
It is observed that the quality of
teaching in small cities is not that
good. Digital Learning provides a
way for the small town people to
get the best quality content at their 5. Conclusion
doorsteps. This makes a way for Digital Learning is the future
a better future for them without of Innovative leaning. Asa number
leaving their home town. I. Distraction: TheMain platform of internet users are increasing
forDigital Learning is the Internet more people can take advantage of
which is full of distractions. learning new things. Demand for
Suppose you are watching an Digital Learningwill certainly increase.
educational video on youtube People will give more priority to Digital
and suddenly an advertisement Learningthen the conventional one
appears about a new movie. Now in the near future. There is some
you have two choices, one is to concern related to Digital Learningand
continue with educational video or technology as it is full of distracting
to go with the movie advertisement. elements. People should use
The problem is most people go with technology for their betterment and
III. Reachability: Digital Learning not for wasting their valuable time and
gives a platform to both educator the movie advertisement.
resources. Social media is the biggest
and learner to perform at their II. The credibility of the content: Many concern because it not only wastes
best. A good Educator can increase online platforms on which people time but can make a huge negative
its audience and learner can reach search for content isunreliable such impact on the youth. It is suggested that
to a brilliant quality educator. as Youtube. On Youtube, anyone can students should be told about “How to
Reachability also increases make a video and upload it. There is use the internet” and workshop should
the market competition which always a huge possibility of getting be arranged for the same in universities
ultimately increases the quality of dirty content which is error prone and schools. By doing so negative
the content. so it’s always advisable to choose effects can be minimized.
About the Authors
Dr. Priti Sharma MCA, Ph.D.(Computer Science) is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer
Science & Applications, M.D. University, Rohtak. She has published more than 50 publications in various journals/ magazines
of national and international repute.She is engaged in teaching and research from the last 12 years. Her area of research
includes Data mining, Big data, Software Engineering, Machine Learning.
Mr. Deepak Sharma has completed his M.tech from C-DAC: Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Ministry of
Communications and Information Technology, Government of India affiliated from Guru GobindSinghIndraprastha University,
Delhi. He is currently pursuing a Ph.D. in Computer Science at M. D. University, Rohtak. His main research areas include Data
mining, Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET), wireless sensor network (WSN) and Internet of things (IoT).
13
C S I C o m m u n ic a t i o n s | J U L Y 2 0 1 9COVER STORY
Digital Learning: From Conventional to Next
Generation Learning
Preeti Gulia and Ayushi Chahal
Department of Computer Science & Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana (India)
E-mail: preeti.gulia81@gmail.com, ayushichahal@gmail.com
Introduction
Gone are the days of paper, pen and
chalks. Today, we live in the digital world
where there is a digital boom in the
information and technology. This boom
results into the shift of the education
and learning practices in every field
from the basic traditional ways. Digital
learning is a learning which is facilitated
by different types of digital devices or
internet. [1]
India is a country which is growing
exponentially in terms of technology.
Rise of internet in India with the help of
smart-phones and high-speed internet
data availability India has over 1.3
billion technical driven persons. Seeing
this potential for digital technologies,
our honorable prime minister has also
visualized the nation transformation
through “Digital India” project.
Digital learning gives the control to
the learner irrespective of time, place
and pace. Digital learning can happen
anywhere, at any time. It is not limited
to schools or universities only but, it
can take place at homes and in any type confused with e-learning. It is to be Flipped learning : Flipped learning
of social environment. Digital learning noted that digital learning includes is a learning in which instructions
does not mean to continue traditional e-learning as one of its strategy. [3] moves from group learning space
learning process, but to enhance the Digital learning is combination of the to individual learning space. It is
learning by different means. [2] strategies listed below [4]: a type of blended learning. In it
Digital learning is not only limited E-learning (online learning) : one learning content online to the
to the education field only. It also helps E-learning is learning utilizing learner outside the class. Figure 2
other different sectors to grow more electronic technologies with the discripts flipped learning.
and more. Some of these are: help of internet for education, Blended learning : It is some what
Healthcare sector outside the traditional classroom mixture of traditional learning and
Retail sector learning. Fig. 1 shows e-learning. online learning. Some portion of
Telecommunication sector this learning is done as e-learning
Information and Technology sector and rest part is done as a traditional
Manufacturing sector classroom learning. Figure 3 shows
Banking sector Blended learning.
Financial securities Personalized learning : It is not
Investment industries a wide spread term. It refers to a
Digital learning strategies learning technique which is done
Digital learning has come a long personally by individual according
way since the era of internet and digital to its need. Learning content and
devices have become a pioneer part of approach may vary person to
Fig. 1: E-learning person.
our lifestyles. Digital learning is often
www.csi-india.org
14
C S I C o m m u n ic a t i o n s | J U L Y 2 0 1 9COVER STORY
Individual learning : It a learning Personalized
in which teaching strategy is made Online Learning
with respect to every student’s
weakness and strength.
Differentiated learning : When
learner of different interests,
learning profiles and readiness
come along then tutor have to
plan teaching strategy according
to every learner. This is called of
Teacher-led,
differentiated learning. Individual Small Group
Gamification and badging : It is a Instruction
technique in which learning is done
with the help of games. It helps in
engaging
learners in learning activities[5].
E-textbooks : These are the books
a learner can read in digital form
with the help of any digital device
like smartphone, laptops and
tablets etc.
Social learning : Now-a-days there Collaborative
are many digital learning tools
with the help of which learners Fig. 3: Blended learning
can network, interact, collaborate
and exchange different ideas in a
learning process.
Micro learning : These are short Differentiated learning 73.5%
term learning activities. It generally
includes different short term online Blended/hybrid learning 54.8%
courses that last for 60 minutes or
so. Individualized learning 47.8%
KPI based learning : Learning is
done by sending or receiving data
through integrated applications Personalized learning 33.7%
that links content with key
performance indicators (KPIs). Flipped learning 28.5%
Mobile learning : It is popularly
known as m-learning. It is Understanding by Design (UBD) 17.4%
integration of hardware, software
and mobile technology. It not only Gamification 13.1%
includes smart-phones as a device
but also other devices like laptops, Universal Design for 11.9%
desktops, tablets. Learning (UDL)
According to a survey most
Purely online learning 9.8%
used digital learning technique is
differentiated and blended learning as
shown in figure 4. 0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0%
Use of Internet in digital learning Source: 2018-19 State of Digital Learning in n=9,279
Digital learning is a way through K-12 Education
which you can learn from wherever Fig. 4 : State of digital learning stratagies
you are and whenever you want.
Digital learning have basically three internet goes hand in hand. [6] content from anywhere over the
participants: first, a digital device like To make Digital learning globe, at any instance of time.
smart-phones, desktops, tablets, LED independent of time, place and pace Today, internet is not just limited to
or projector etc.; second, a internet there is a huge role of internet in it. finding information but it also helps
connection; third, a learner itself. Internet is the only key by which a people of same interest come
Figure 5 shows how digital learning and learner can approach its learning together, not only for entertainment
15
C S I C o m m u n ic a t i o n s | J U L Y 2 0 1 9COVER STORY
and social point of view but also for artifacts, can create long threaded will save the content in your digital
academic and scientific interests. discussions etc. pocket from where you can read
DropBox : It is a sort of file sharing anywhere, at any time.
INFRASTRUCTURE system. It is basically used for Zotero : It is generally used by the
To support Everywhere, All te Time Learning
backing-up, sharing and storing researchers to make their research
files on internet. Example of such a more functional and organized.
technology is an application named It helps researchers to save their
High-Speed
Connectivity to Schools
‘Dropcanvas’. academic works with access to
YouTube channels : It is the most citation support materials. It
Quality Digital Content Data Privacy popular and largely accepted form helps in social learning process
& Resources & Security
LEADERSHIP
of digital learning tool. It contains by collecting all the research at
any kind of content whether it a place where researchers can
is academic or not. It helps in discuss and share their ideas.
development of different learning
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TEACHING
Digital Citizenship High-Speed Wifi
& Responsible Use Throughout Schools forms like flipped classroom,
blended learning and khan
learning.
Home Internet High-Quality
Access Low-Cost Devices
Fig 5: Digital learning and Internet
Internet provides a virtual platform iTunesU : It provide different
to learners over which they could quality courses for every possible
come together virtually and work content. It is a sort of online course Advantages of digital learning
as a team on same problem or catalogue which helps in flipper Digital learning can be done from
project while being at different learning, personalized learning, any-where. There is no boundation
geographical places physically. project based learning, blended of place. This type of learning is
Internet helps to remove burden of learning. very flexible in nature. One can
paper work for the learner. Every- Cloud based Word Processors: learn digitally as well as do another
thing is available online Google drives, Microsoft word kind of job also. [8]
Internet act as a medium between online, Zoho Documents, spread Digital learning saves time and
the tutor and the learner which can sheets are some of the examples money. Learner can learn at any
act as one –to-one learning as well of Cloud-Based Word Processor time that is suitable to him or her.
as one-to-many learning medium. technology. In this kind of digital Digital learning increases
Once the learner have learnt the learning tool a learner can write engagement and concentration
content, he/she can always reach from any place, save comments, power of the learner with the
to it at anytime and read it as many and curate all steps of writing strategies like gaming.
time as learner wants. process in digital portfolios. It provide learner proper time to
Blogs, wikis, e-journals, e-books, Evernote : It is simply a note saving improve themselves. It helps them
e-learning portals are all about tool which can be used to save web to grow on their own rate.
internet only. They plays an screenshots, take quick note , take Digital learning provide rich,
important role in education system pictures of learning products such deep and latest content to study
today. [7] as papers. It uses the mobile app, which helps learner to remain
web browser or computer based up to date to most recent ideas
Different digital learning tools and technologies being launched
In this digital world, to remain application.
recently.
up to date and master every evolving Digital learning provides a vast
technology, a learner should be aware platform to the learners on which
of different digital learning tools present they can share their thoughts,
in the market. discuss their ides, solve out their
Google+ communities : It is one Pocket : It is simply used to save problem and publish their work.
of the social media thing from the content on web . If you do not Digital learning provide ownership
the search engine. It can be used have time to read a content on web to the learner about what to learn
to post different type of videos, or do have a time to read but wan and how to demonstrate one’s
share documents, socialize with to save it for future reference, then learning.
friends or collogues or family, send you have to just click on bookmark Digital learning is also cost
messages, can share project based present in your toolbar. This click effective. As in case of e-learning
www.csi-india.org
16
C S I C o m m u n ic a t i o n s | J U L Y 2 0 1 9You can also read
