Economy 02 - Cork Healthy Cities
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02 Economy
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
16 - At the time of the 2011 census Ireland was in the middle of recession. The nation’s debt stood
https://www.pwc.ie/services/
at 120% of annual output, there was a 15% unemployment rate and the country was locked
tax/fiscal-focus/fiscal-focus-in-
sights/2016-fiscal-focus-econom- out of international capital markets. Between 2011 and 2016 indicators suggested substantial
ic-health-check-for-ireland.html.
economic improvement. Employment levels, earnings and personal consumption increased.16
17 -
In March 2018 OECD research indicated that the Irish economy will continue to expand
A tightening labour market is when
unemployment is falling, thereby over the next two years, albeit at a more sustainable rate. The labour market is projected to
reducing job vacancies and increas-
tighten17 further to an unemployment rate of around 5.5%, raising consumer prices by more
ing wages.
than 2% in 2019. This will lead to slowing of household consumption, while rising property
18 - prices are expected to continue to drive private construction development.
For more information please see:
http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/
The OECD research indicates that the economy will be greatly helped if Irish firms are
Ireland-2018-OECD-economic-sur-
vey-overview.pdf. supported to increase their productivity. This research recommends an increase in the level
of access young firms have to development funding.18
19 -
Carried out every 5 years since the
The OECD report highlights comparatively low employment levels amongst young low
1970s (apart from 1991). Response
rate in 2016 was 95%. educated persons in Ireland and recommends connecting social benefits to well-enforced
job search requirements. The OECD report also highlights comparatively higher gender
inequalities in the national employment profile.
CORK CITY’S BUSINESS ECONOMY
In 2016 every business in Cork City was invited to participate in the Employment and Land
Use Survey.19 Results show that between 2011 and 2016 job growth increased by 9.3% across
the city (an average of 1,333 new jobs per month) and that growth was 8.4% higher in the city
than the State.
Employment change and growth in Cork City differs significantly throughout the city.
The following map of the six geographic sectors of the city:
Figure 14:
SIX GEOGRAPHIC SECTORS IN
.
CORK CITY'S ADMINISTRATIVE
AREA (SOURCE: EMPLOYMENT
AND LAND USE SURVEY 2016) Farranree
Glanmire
North East Mayfield
Knocknaheeny
North West Tivoli
Sunday's Well City Centre
South Docks
Blackrock
Carrigrohane Glasheen Mahon
South East
South Central
South West
Ballyphehane
Togher
Rochestown
Douglas
Doughcloyne
0 1 2
Kilometers
79CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
20 - Less than 11% of the total job growth between 2011-2016 in the city occurred in the city centre.
As they employ less than 10 people.
The majority of new jobs, over 86%, (5,774), were created in the city’s South West and South
East sectors. New jobs in the city’s North West and North East sectors accounted for less than
12% (740 jobs) of the overall growth rate.
While the 2016 Labour Market Survey (CSO) showed growth of just 11% in the city centre,
it is likely that this trend will continue to see a major shift as companies are increasingly
looking to locate in city centres. The area of new office space in the city centre since that
time, both completed and occupied and under development, is useful. Recent and current
development of premium office space in the city centre include:
»» 25,300 m2 completed (One Albert Quay and Capitol)
»» 36,820 m2 under construction (Navigation Square and 85-86 South Mall)
»» 65,000 m2 approved (Horgan’s Quay and Copley Street)
The businesses in One Albert Quay currently employ 950 (capacity 1,400). The Capitol is home
to 200 employees (capacity 350). Phase One of Navigation Square and 85-86 South Mall are
both fully let.
The five largest employment sectors in the city are; Human Health and Social Work
Activities (17%); Retail (13%); Administrative and Support Service Activities (11%); Education
and Professional (9%) and Scientific and Technical Activities (9%). The survey used an
indicator called a ‘Location Quotient’ (LQ) to measure the city’s specialisation in a particular
sector relative to the State. LQ results show that Cork City ‘specialises’ in Administrative
and Support Services, Professional, Scientific Activities, Public Administration and
Defence, Human Health and Social Work, Information and Communication, and Education.
Administrative and Support Service Activities saw the greatest expansion in employment
from 2011 to 2016.
Most businesses in the city (74%) are described as ‘micro enterprises.’20 They employ an
average of 4 people, which is 15% of the city’s workforce. These businesses are mainly Retail
but span all economic sectors and almost half are in the centre of the city. 19 organisations
employ over 500, a total of 27,000 people (35%) of the city’s workforce. These businesses
are mainly located in the South West of the city but are also found in all six sectors.
The Local Enterprise Office Cork (LEO), acts as the first stop shop for business, and provides
a range of services and supports for micro and small enterprises in Cork City. In 2017 alone,
the LEO Cork City approved grant aid of €519,562 to 37 companies, as well as delivering
over 60 training and networking events for 821 businesses. 240 owner/managers availed
of mentoring and business advice clinics and 32 companies of the Trading Online Voucher
Scheme which supports businesses in driving their online marketing and sales presence.
80CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
As part of its remit the LEO Cork City continues to drive awareness of entrepreneurship through
programmes such as the second level Cork Schools Enterprise Programme aimed at Transition
Year students and Ireland’s Best Young Entrepreneur (IBYE) for individuals aged 18 to 35.
Other supports, such as the Lean for Micro and Technical Assistance Grant for Micro
Exporters (TAME), are delivered to prepare companies and build resilience to mitigate for
the impact of Brexit. Currently the LEO also manages two EU Projects aimed at Food and
Digital Start Ups in order to increase the level and number of export businesses.
In February 2018 Cork Urban Enterprises Clg. (CUEL) submitted an application to Enterprise
Ireland’s Regional Enterprise Development Fund and was approved €700,000 towards the
upgrade of Ballyvolane Enterprise Centre, now known as the “Northside for Business Campus.”
Over the next three years CUEL will oversee the development of the campus and a full suite
of capability building programmes to drive enterprise and innovation on the north side of
Cork City. The centre will also host the National Family Business and Succession Planning
Programme, which aims to ensure the survival and growth of the many family businesses
we have, not just in the Cork Region, but nationally.
Table 45: Employers with Over 500 Staff
(Source: Cork City Employment and Land Use Survey, 2016)
Organisations
Abtran HSE Bon Secours Hospital
Alcon Technology Ireland Ltd HSE Cork University Hospital
Apple (3 locations) HSE Mercy Hospital
Boston Scientific (Cork) Ltd HSE Saint Finbarr’s Hospital
Cope Foundation (Middle Glanmire Road) HSE South Infirmary-Victoria University Hospital
Cork City Council Musgrave’s Retail Partners Ltd
Cork County Council Starwood Hotels and Resorts
Cork Institute of Technology The Defence Forces
EMC University College Cork
VoxPro
Since 2011, 636 new businesses have started to trade in Cork City, most of them in the Retail
and Accommodation/Food Service sectors. The industries associated with the highest job
numbers created, however, have been in Information and Communication and Professional,
Scientific and Technical sectors.
81CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
2.1
Cork City
Economic Initiatives
CORK CITY CENTRE THE CITY CENTRE STEERING GROUP
The City Centre is the ‘Healthy Heart’ of Cork, essential This group is made up of the senior management of Cork
to the well-being of the wider region and the country as a City Council and focuses on the implementation of the
whole. It is also the city’s front window, playing the central Cork City Centre Strategy. The City Centre is separated
role in its economic, social and cultural identity. The city into six character areas or quarters with a member of senior
creates a network where economic activity prospers and management responsible for a specific area along with
communities work together to inspire and enable Cork to an area planner.
further itself. It is this combination and interaction between
people and place that is the critical element to the success
of urban life in our city. CITY CENTRE FORUM
Recognising this, the Cork City Centre Strategy (2014) The Forum is an important operational element of the
sets out clear aims to revitalise the City Centre through process and has developed practical projects. Action plans
improvement and development, better management based and progress reports are produced each year to help realise
upon a partnership of key stakeholders, and increasing these aims. All progress is based on collaboration between
the marketing of the City Centre’s offer. Building on the the people who work and live in Cork, who are proud of
Strategy’s aims, three new groups were formed and are their city and want to make it an attractive, prosperous and
actively working to ensure that opportunities are maximised welcoming place.21
and the City Centre achieves and hopefully surpasses its
A key instrument in the Economic Development Unit in
enormous potential:
Cork City Council is the Economic Development Fund (EDF).
The EDF was set up (1% of rates, which is approximately
€600,000) in 2012 and builds on the significant work in
CORE PARTNERSHIP
areas such as energy, innovation and telecommunications.
Cork City Council has drawn together key stakeholders Initiatives are also developed through the Cork Area
including Cork Chamber, Cork Business Association, Gardai Strategic Plan (CASP) structures, ensuring that the impact
and Bus Eireann, as well as representatives from the retail of the city, as the economic driver of the region, will be
and hospitality sectors in the city, to form CORE. The maximised. A similar fund is operated by Cork County
partnership takes an overall strategic view towards the Council and both initiatives are jointly funding some actions.
management and promotion of all aspects of city life.
82CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
21 -
Since 2016, the EDF has been aligned with the Economic Development Strategy set out in
http://corkcitycentre.ie/wp-con-
tent/uploads/2018/03/CCC_Revit- Chapter 3 of the Cork City Development Plan 2015, particularly the six identified drivers
alisation-brochure_Low-res.pdf.
of competitiveness:
1. Economic Diversity 4. Connectivity
2. Innovation 5. Placemaking
3. Skills and Human Capital 6. Strategic Governance
The EDF is also framed to implement the Strategies, Objectives and Actions set out in
the Cork City Local Economic and Community Plan (LECP). The LECP organised its economic
plans under the six drivers of competitiveness listed above. Thus, this report should be
considered in conjunction with the LECP Implementation Plan.
The EDF also supports actions set out in the South West Action Plan for Jobs, an initiative
of the Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation, with multiple stakeholders in the
enterprise sector in the city.
The effectiveness of the EDF will be determined by the projects it supports, which in turn will
be dependent on the quality of these projects. Thus, the EDF supports projects that
are strategic in nature and supported by other stakeholders/partners of Cork City Council.
The fund supports a number of areas:
Innovation and entrepreneurship
The IGNITE Graduate Business Innovation Programme and SPRINT programme are operated
by UCC. They are university campus-based incubators and accelerator programmes for
graduates and postgrads/post doctorates developing innovative and research based
products and services with a view to commercialising and spinning out. The key objectives are
enabling graduates and postgraduates and post doctorate research students to start their
own businesses and create employment in the Cork region, creating jobs and contributing to
economic growth. IGNITE provides graduates with the full range of services to enable business
start-up success, including business incubation space, business training, one-to-one mentoring,
access to UCC’s research expertise and coaches on campus and regular networking events.
The Sprint programme is an accelerator type programme operated by UCC to mentor and assist
postgraduate and post doctorate researchers to commercialise their research and Intellectual
Property which emanates from the numerous high end research programmes in UCC including
Tyndall, MaREI and INFANT & IERC. This is a collaborative initiative between University
College Cork (UCC), Cork City Council, Cork County Council and the Cork County and City Local
Enterprise Offices. It is strongly supported by the business and entrepreneur community.
83CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
CorkBIC Growth Pathway programme Energy Cork is an industry-driven cluster pursuing co-
ordinated actions to strengthen enterprise and employment
CorkBIC is a not for profit foundation (European-wide)
within the energy sector. The initiative is supported by
which provides mentoring and services to the
Cork City Council and Cork County Council through their
entrepreneurial community. It has operated accelerator
respective Economic Development Funds.
programmes, offers incubation space at the National
Software Campus, where it is based, and is part of Angel Taste Cork is an initiative jointly supported by Cork City
& Venture Capital Networks (HBAN). It has been operating and County Councils and their respective Local Enterprise
various programmes for a few years, which have been Offices, arising from a recognition that a strong, diverse and
supported jointly by City Council and County Council along vibrant food business community exists across Cork. An
with Bank of Ireland. These have recently been amalgamated integrated food strategy - ‘Taste Cork 2021’- was formulated
into a single programme called Growth Pathway, which to nurture and develop the sector and sustain its long-term
consists of three events: The Entrepreneur Experience; growth. The strategy is informed and guided by industry
Venture Academy/International Conference; and Showcase, partners, highlighting the following areas as critical to
which are mentoring services/programmes provided to the future success of the Cork food sector:
start-up and scale-up companies in the city region with
a view to making them investor ready. These programmes
have resulted in a significant success rate and in bringing 1. Provision of long term structured supports and
start-ups through scaling, resulting in investment of Venture educational programmes for food businesses
Capital funds and the creation of jobs and High Potential and artisan food producers in Cork.
Start-ups for further investment by Enterprise Ireland
2. Identification of local, national and international routes
and other Venture Capital investment funds.
to market and the provision of support for producers
Cork Innovates, now in its sixth year, has the key role in to achieve success in their relevant target markets.
promoting entrepreneurship and integrating the objectives
3. Education of consumers, retailers and foodservice
of the key stakeholders in the innovation ecosystem,
to understand the importance of locally produced
including UCC & CIT, Cork Chamber, CorkBIC and Enterprise
food, thus facilitating an economic model which will
Ireland, along with entrepreneurs.
both contribute to the local economy and act as a job
Cork City Council and Cork County Council have jointly creation generator.
led the development of the new Cork Place Brand, in
4. The development of Cork’s food tourism sector and
cooperation with a wide range of stakeholders including
establishing Cork as Ireland’s leading food destination.
UCC, CIT, Cork Airport, Port of Cork, Cork Chamber, Cork
Business Association, Ibec, IDA Ireland, Enterprise Ireland,
Fáilte Ireland and Visit Cork. ‘We are Cork’ is a partnership
bringing together all the stakeholders in the Cork Region
under one brand. This new brand for Cork will help tell the
EU Projects
big picture of why Cork is a great place to live, work, study,
visit, invest and do business in. The City Council has instigated a position of EU Projects
Officer with a view to increasing engagement in EU projects
to leverage funds from Horizon 2020, Interreg, ESPON and
Other Supports other EU funding programmes. It also supports membership
of key EU organisations such as the Covenant of Mayors,
The Rates Incentive Scheme provides a grant in lieu of rates
Confederation of Atlantic Arc Cities, and ICLEI Local
(up to 50%) for niche companies located in areas of vacancy
Governments for Sustainability, which support EU projects.
and dereliction along the historic spine of the city.
84CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
2.2
Social Enterprise
A Social Enterprise can be defined as ‘an enterprise that trades for a
social/societal purpose, where at least part of its income is earned from
its trading activity, is separate from government, and where the surplus
is primarily re-invested in the social objective’ (Forfás Definition 2013).
According to a 2018 CPA (Certified Public Accountants) Report, Social Enterprise accounts
for about 6% of GDP across the EU. It also notes that if Ireland’s social enterprise sector were
to approach mean EU levels, it is estimated that there would be approximately 65,000 jobs in
social enterprises; which could grow to 100,000 jobs.
In Cork City there is a vibrant Social Enterprise sector with strong potential for growth
and an increasing interest in the role of social enterprises at a local government level. The
Social Enterprises in the city range from circular economy enterprises like Boomerang which
recycles old mattresses to STEAM Education which provides educational programmes on
science, technology, engineering, maths and art to primary school children. There are also
many others including Deaf Enterprises, Churchfield Community Trust, Meitheal Mara,
and Northside Community Enterprise. Cork City Council has digitally mapped the Social
Enterprises in the city and this can be viewed here:
http://corkcity.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html
85CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
2.3
Principal Economic Status
The following table illustrates the Principal Economic Status 50.1%. From 2011 to 2016 the ‘at work’ population in the city
of the population (numbers and percentage changes) in Cork recovered well to almost pre-recession figures (46.9%) but
City from 2006 to 2016. remained low compared to both the City and Suburbs and
the State rates of 51.5% and 53.4% respectively. This can be
The greatest proportion of Cork City’s population (48.3%),
somewhat explained by Cork City’s relatively high proportion
aged 15+, were ‘at work’ in 2006 and the majority were male
of students (an almost 4.0% higher proportion than the
(56.0%). The recession began in 2008 and by 2011 the largely
State). In 2016 there were 37,586 third level full-time
male unemployment rate almost doubled from 6.4% to
students attending UCC, CIT and Cork College of Commerce.
12.1% (the construction sector was significantly negatively
This is equivalent to 21.7% of the city’s day-time population.
affected by the recession) and the working population fell to
42.3% in Cork City, substantially lower than the State rate of
Table 46: Persons Aged 15 and Over by Economic Status 2006 to 2016, Cork City (Source: CSO)
2006 % Change 2011 % Change 2016
At work 48892 -11.9% 43062 17.2% 50483
Looking for first job 1087 -6.6% 1015 -9.5% 919
Unemployed 5317 111.6% 11251 -28.7% 8024
Student 14251 5.0% 14962 9.4% 16374
Looking after 11415 -21.3% 8982 -14.9% 7641
home and family
Retired 13409 13.9% 15279 11.2% 16997
Unable to work 6487 3.2% 6697 0.3% 6716
Other 396 22.5% 485 16.1% 563
Labour force 54.6% 54.4% 55.2%
participation rate
86CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
Principle Economic Status for population aged 15+ in Cork City 2006, 2011 and 2016
Figure 15:
Principal Economic Status of the Population Aged 15yrs +
PRINCIPAL ECONOMIC STATUS Cork City, 2006 to 2016
OF THE POPULATION (15YRS +)
OF CORK CITY FROM 2006 TO
60.0%
2016 (SOURCE: CSO)
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
At Work Looking for Unemployed Student Looking after Retired Unable to Other
First Regular havin glost or home/family work due to
Job given up permanent
previous job sickness or
disability
Cork City 2006 Cork City 2011 Cork City 2016
Table 47: Comparative Percentages of the Population by Principal Economic Status, Cork City (Source: CSO)
Principal Economic Status for the population of Cork City 2006 2011 2016
At Work 48.3% 42.3% 46.9%
Looking for First Regular Job 1.1% 1.0% 0.9%
Unemployed having lost or given up previous job 5.3% 11.1% 7.4%
Student 14.1% 14.7% 15.2%
Looking after home/family 11.3% 8.8% 7.1%
Retired 13.2% 15.0% 15.8%
Unable to work due to permanent sickness or disability 6.4% 6.6% 6.2%
Other 0.4% 0.5% 0.5%
87CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
Principal Economic Status for population aged 15+ in Cork City, Cork City and Suburbs and the State in 2016
Figure 16:
Principal Economic Status for Population Aged 15yrs +
PRINCIPAL ECONOMIC STATUS Cork City, Cork City and Suburbs and the State, 2016
FOR POPULATION AGED 15YRS+
CORK CITY, CORK CITY AND
60.0%
SUBURBS AND THE STATE, 2016
(SOURCE: CSO) 50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
At work Looking for Unemployed Student Looking after Retired Unable to Other
First Regular havin glost or home/family work due to
Job given up permanent
previous job sickness or
disability
Cork City Cork City and Suburbs State
Table 48: Comparative Percentages of the Population by Principal Economic Status for Cork City,
Cork City and Suburbs and the State, 2016 (Source: CSO)
Principal Economic Status 2016 City And Suburbs State
At Work 46.9% 51.5% 53.4%
Looking for First Regular Job 0.9% 0.7% 0.8%
Unemployed having lost or given up previous job 7.4% 6.3% 7.1%
Student 15.2% 14.2% 11.4%
Looking after home/family 7.1% 7.3% 8.1%
Retired 15.8% 14.2% 14.5%
Unable to work due to permanent sickness or disability 6.2% 5.3% 4.2%
Other 0.5% 0.5% 0.4%
88CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
22 -
The second highest proportion of Cork City’s population were retired in 2016. The number
The Irish Longitudinal Study on
Ageing. of retired people increased between 2006 and 2016 from 13.2% to 15.8% of the overall
population. In 2016 Cork City had a higher retired population than the City and Suburbs
23 -
(14.2%) and the State (14.5%). This is partly due to its age profile: Cork City has higher
https://tilda.tcd.ie/publications/
reports/pdf/w3-key-findings-re- proportions of those aged 65+ than the City and Suburbs and the State.
port/TILDA%20Wave%203%20
Key%20Findings%20report.
Being ‘Older’ is often considered in terms of ‘dependency’ but research by Trinity College Dublin
pdf, (9).
(TILDA22) presents findings that show that ‘contrary to perceptions, the over-whelming direction
24 - of transfers of time and financial assistance is to children and grandchildren.’23 The research
https://tilda.tcd.ie/publications/
found that older people are contributing valuable (and quantifiable) childcare assistance
reports/pdf/w3-key-findings-re-
port/TILDA%20Wave%203%20 to grandchildren and facilitating labour market participation for parents. Persons aged 50+
Key%20Findings%20report.pdf.
are also described as the ‘backbone’ of Ireland’s volunteer structure with more than 50%
volunteering during the previous year. An activity which helps both the volunteer and receiver.24
Those EDs with the highest proportions of retired persons in 2016 were Fair Hill B, Bishopstown
D, Turners Cross D, Montenotte B and Glasheen C. In 2006, 2011 and 2016 Fair Hill B had the
highest retired population, the highest population aged 65+, the highest old age dependency
ratios and in 2016 had one of the highest proportions of those ‘unable to work due to sickness
or disability,’ the highest widowed population, a high deprivation score, high proportion of those
with disabilities, among lowest proportion of professional workers and highest for unskilled
and was among the highest for divorce. The EDs of Togher B, Montenotte B and Glasheen C
are among those with consistently high proportions of retired and older individuals.
Since 2011 the overall populations of Fair Hill B and Montenotte B have been decreasing whilst
Bishopstown D and Glasheen C have been marginally increasing. Turners Cross D has a relatively
low density whilst Shandon B and Sunday’s Well B, with low proportions of retired individuals,
are amongst the most densely populated EDs . EDs with low proportions of ‘Retired,’ South Gate
A, Centre A, St. Patrick’s A, are among those with the highest proportions of 15-64 year olds.
South Gate A has one of the highest proportions of single people and the lowest proportion
of retired individuals. In 2016, 88.8% of its population was aged between 15-64.
Table 49: EDs with the Highest Proportions of Retired Persons (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Fair Hill B 28.5% Fair Hill B 31.3% Fair Hill B 32.6%
Togher B 26.8% Glasheen C 25.9% Bishopstown D 29.1%
Gurranebraher C 21.9% Montenotte B 25.6% Turners Cross D 26.1%
Farranferris C 21.9% Togher B 24.2% Montenotte B 26.1%
Turners Cross B 21.7% Browningstown 24.1% Glasheen C 26.0%
89CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
Table 50: EDs with the Lowest Proportions of Retired Persons (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
South Gate A 3.9% South Gate A 3.4% South Gate A 3.4%
Bishopstown A 5.6% Shanakiel 7.4% St. Patrick's A 7.1%
Knocknaheeny 5.7% Gillabbey A 7.6% Shandon B 7.1%
Fair Hill C 5.8% Centre A 7.8% Centre A 7.6%
Shanakiel 5.9% Mahon B 7.8% Sundays Well B 7.7%
25 - The third greatest proportion of the population aged 15+ in 2016 in Cork City were students
Please see Education section of
(15.2%), an increase since 2006. There were a greater proportion of students in the city than
this report for further information.
in the City and Suburbs (14.2%) and the State (11.4%) in 2016.
Since 2006 the proportion of students has increased by 14.9% in the city with the greatest
increase between 2011 and 2016. The increasing numbers in Cork City are likely due to the extensive
and expanding educational sector.25 There is no remarkable disparity between the ratio of male
to female students. A nominal imbalance, favouring females, in 2006, almost equalised by 2016.
7.1% of Cork City’s population, aged 15+, were looking after home/family in 2016.. Although
the vast majority of them are female (93.5%), since 2006 a greater proportion of males are
taking up this role. In 2006, 3.2% of males were looking after home/family and in 2016 their
proportion more than doubled to 6.5%. The numbers in this category ‘looking after home and
family’ significantly changed from 2006 to 2016 from 11,415 to 7,641 persons respectively.
The State-wide proportion in 2016 (8.1%) is higher than Cork City’s (7.1%). The proportion
across the State also decreased between 2011 and 2016 but to a slightly lesser extent than
Cork City. 7.3% in the City and Suburbs were looking after home/family in 2016.
EDs with the highest proportions of those looking after home/family were Fair Hill A,
Browningstown, Turners Cross D, Togher A and Fair Hill C. Browningstown has the lowest
unemployment level, whereas Fair Hill C, Fair Hill A and Togher A suffer high unemployment,
have high proportions unable to work and who finished education before the age of 15.
EDs with low proportions who look after home and family are characterised as having high
percentages of single individuals. Bishopstown A, Gillabbey B and Gillabbey C have high
student populations. Between 2011 and 2016, Bishopstown A and Gillabbey C increased their
population density by 67.6% and 40.6% respectively. The population of Bishopstown A
(located furthest west within the city boundary) increased from 1,326 to 2,223 between 2011
and 2016 with no appreciable differences between the number of males and females (although
females marginally outnumber males). Bishopstown A also has the highest affluence score
in 2016. Gillabbey C and Centre A also score high on affluence.
90CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
Figure 17: % Population by ED
PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION AGED 15+ THAT ARE LOOKING
AFTER HOME/FAMILY, 2016 ±
Less than 3%
PERCENTAGE OF THE 3% to 7%
POPULATION AGED 15+ THAT 7% to 11%
11% to 15%
ARE LOOKING AFTER HOME/ Greater than 15% Fairhill/
Gurranabraher/
FAMILY, 2016 (SOURCE: CSO) Rapid Areas
Farranree
Blackpool/The Glen/Mayfield Blackpool/The Glen
Mayfield
Fairhill/Gurranabraher/Farranree
Knocknaheeny/Hollyhill/Churchfield
Mahon Knocknaheeny/
Hollyhill/
Togher
Churchfield
Cork City Boundary
Mahon
Togher
0 0.5 1 2
Kilometers Source: Esri, HERE, Garmin, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community
Table 51: EDs with the Highest Proportions Looking After Home and Family, 2016 (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Fair Hill A 18.6% Mayfield 13.6% Fair Hill A 11.9%
Mayfield 17.5% Fair Hill A 13.1% Browningstown 11.6%
Turners Cross D 17.3% Ballyphehane A 12.9% Turners Cross D 10.9%
Knocknaheeny 17.1% Browningstown 12.8% Togher A 10.8%
Blackpool A 16.9% Togher A 12.7% Fair Hill C 10.6%
Table 52: EDs with the Lowest Proportions Looking After Home and Family (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
South Gate A 2.7% South Gate A 3.0% Bishopstown A 3.0%
South Gate B 4.0% St. Patrick's B 3.2% Gillabbey B 2.9%
Centre A 4.3% Centre A 3.2% Centre A 2.7%
Centre B 4.7% Gillabbey C 3.3% Gillabbey C 2.7%
St. Patrick's A 5.0% St. Patrick's A 3.4% St. Patrick's B 2.6%
91CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
Figure 18: % Population by ED
PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION AGED 15+ THAT ARE UNABLE
TO WORK DUE TO SICKNESS OR DISABILITY, 2016 ±
Less than 3%
PERCENTAGE OF THE 3% to 5%
POPULATION AGED 15+ 5% to 7%
7% to 9%
THAT ARE UNABLE TO Greater than 9% Fairhill/
Gurranabraher/
WORK DUE TO SICKNEESS Rapid Areas
Farranree
OR DISABILITY, 2016 Blackpool/The Glen/Mayfield Blackpool/The Glen
Mayfield
Fairhill/Gurranabraher/Farranree
(SOURCE: CSO) Knocknaheeny/Hollyhill/Churchfield
Mahon Knocknaheeny/
Hollyhill/
Togher
Churchfield
Cork City Boundary
Mahon
Togher
0 0.5 1 2
Kilometers Source: Esri, HERE, Garmin, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community
The proportions of Cork City’s population ‘unable to work due to permanent sickness or
disability’ is showing a positive, if marginal, decreasing trend. Although the actual number
in this group increased by 229, their proportion decreased from 6.4% in 2006 to 6.2% in
2016. Cork City’s percentage is the highest compared to the City and Suburbs (5.3%) and the
State at (4.2%). Figure 18 illustrates the geographical spread of those unable to work due to
sickness or disability. Concentrations of this population are evident in RAPID areas of the city
where in a number of EDs more than one in 10 of those aged 15+ are unable to work.
92CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
The EDs with the highest proportions of ‘unable to work’ were Gurranebraher E, Knocknaheeny,
Gurranebraher A, Fair Hill B and Mayfield. These EDs have high proportions of unskilled
persons and are RAPID areas. Knocknaheeny and Fair Hill B have seen their populations
decrease since 2011 and are the most deprived EDs in Cork City/score highest for deprivation.
The EDs with the lowest proportions of those unable to work: Gillabbey C, Glasheen A,
Glasheen B, Browningstown and Mardyke, are largely made up of students and single persons
and all score relatively high in terms of affluence.
Table 53: EDs with the Highest Proportions of Those Unable to Work (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Tramore A 14.7% Knocknaheeny 13.8% Gurranebraher E 12.7%
Gurranebraher A 14.6% Farranferris B 13.4% Knocknaheeny 12.7%
Churchfield 13.8% Churchfield 12.6% Gurranebraher A 12.6%
Farranferris B 13.0% Gurranebraher A 12.4% Fair Hill B 11.4%
Knocknaheeny 12.9% Gurranebraher C 12.2% Mayfield 11.1%
Table 54: EDs with the Lowest Proportions of Those Unable to Work (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Bishopstown A 0.7% Bishopstown A 1.0% Gillabbey C 0.7%
Mardyke 1.7% Glasheen B 1.4% Glasheen A 1.8%
Browningstown 2.3% Gillabbey C 1.5% Glasheen B 2.0%
Glasheen B 2.3% Mardyke 1.8% Browningstown 2.0%
South Gate A 2.4% Browningstown 2.5% Mardyke 2.1%
93CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
2.4
Industry of
Employment
Industry of Employement, 2016
Figure 19:
Industry of Employment
INDUSTRY OF EMPLOYMENT Cork City and the State, 2016
FOR MALES AND FEMALES
IN CORK CITY AND THE STATE,
40.0%
2016 (SOURCE: CSO)
35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
Agriculture Building and Manufacturing Commerce and Transport and Public Professional Other
forestry and construction industries trade communications administration services
fishing
Cork City Males State Males Cork City Females State Females
26 - The highest proportions of those at work in Cork City were employed in the Professional
The highest proportion (28.8%)
Services sector in 2016.26 These types of occupations include accountants, solicitors,
in 2006 worked in the Commerce
and Trade sector. engineers, architects and professionals working in scientific research and development
organisations.27 In 2006 around 1 in 6 individuals worked in this sector and increased to over
27 -
1 in 4 (25.1%)28 by 2016. The 2011 State proportion remained the same in 2016 at the slightly
2016 Employment and Land
Use Survey, Cork City. lower rate of 23.5%. In 2006, females outnumbered males by almost 3:1 but this margin has
been closing since and now stands at 2:1.
28 -
The same proportion as the
Across Cork City, areas with the highest levels of persons employed in Professional Services
City and Suburbs.
tend towards the South West of the City - Bishopstown and Glasheen. This area of the city
houses UCC, CIT’s main campus and the Cork Business and Technology Park.
The EDs with the highest proportions of those employed in Professional Services in
2016 were: Glasheen A, Bishopstown E, Sundays Well A, Bishopstown D and Glasheen B.
Bishopstown E and Glasheen B are amongst those with the highest proportions with
Honours Bachelor’s degrees, professional qualifications, or both.
94CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
Figure 20: % Population by ED
PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION AT WORK THAT ARE
EMPLOYED IN PROFESSIONAL SERVICES, 2016 ±
Less than 20%
PERCENTAGE OF THE 20% to 25%
POPULATION AT WORK THAT ARE 25% to 30%
30% to 35%
EMPLOYED IN PROFESSIONAL Fairhill/
Greater than 35%
Gurranabraher/
SERVICES, 2016 (SOURCE: CSO) Rapid Areas
Farranree
Blackpool/The Glen/Mayfield Blackpool/The Glen
Mayfield
Fairhill/Gurranabraher/Farranree
Knocknaheeny/Hollyhill/Churchfield
Mahon Knocknaheeny/
Hollyhill/
Togher
Churchfield
Cork City Boundary
Mahon
Togher
0 0.5 1 2
Kilometers Source: Esri, HERE, Garmin, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community
Table 55: EDs with the Highest Proportions Employed in Professional Services (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Gillabbey C 24.1% Glasheen A 50.8% Glasheen A 39.8%
Bishopstown A 19.3% Bishopstown D 41.5% Bishopstown E 39.1%
Knockrea A 15.9% Sundays Well A 41.2% Sundays Well A 37.3%
Ballinlough A 15.4% Bishopstown E 40.9% Bishopstown D 35.6%
Centre A 15.4% Bishopstown B 40.3% Glasheen B 35.3%
Table 56: EDs with the Lowest Proportions Employed in Professional Services (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Blackpool A 0.0% Shandon A 12.3% Shandon B 16.8%
Churchfield 0.0% Centre A 15.2% Blackpool B 16.4%
City Hall A 0.0% Commons 17.0% Centre B 15.8%
Fair Hill B 0.0% Ballyphehane A 17.4% Shandon A 15.6%
Farranferris A 0.0% Shandon B 17.6% Centre A 14.9%
95CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
29 - COMMERCE AND TRADE
In discussing data about ‘Type of
Industry’ the category of ‘other’
This sector employed the second highest proportion of those at work in 2016 across the
is excluded’ from analysis.
city, the City and Suburbs and the State.29 Employment in this sector has been falling for
the period under review in Cork City. In 2006 the biggest share of the workforce was
employed in this sector (28.8%). By 2011 and 2016 the proportions reduced to 23.5% and
22.4% respectively. Of the three geographies, Cork City, the City and Suburbs and the State,
Cork City had the lowest proportion working in this sector in 2016, followed by the City and
Suburbs at 23.7% and the State at 23.9%.
The EDs with the highest proportion of their workforce employed in this sector in 2016 were
Tramore A, Pouladuff A, Ballyphehane B, Mahon C and the Lough. These EDs are for the most
part adjacent to each other South and East of the City Centre. Ballyphehane B and Pouladuff
A have high proportions (close to 50%) with highest education of lower secondary and these
EDs have the highest proportions of skilled manual workers in the City.
Table 57: EDs with the Highest Proportions Employed in Commerce and Trade (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Browningstown 50.6% Ballyphehane A 32.3% Tramore A 31.9%
Bishopstown A 45.6% Tramore B 31.8% Pouladuff A 30.6%
Ballinlough C 44.9% Knockrea A 30.7% Ballyphehane B 30.4%
Bishopstown C 44.4% Ballyphehane B 30.4% Mahon C 30.2%
Ballinlough B 44.0% Mahon C 30.3% The Lough 29.2%
Table 58: EDs with the Lowest Proportions Employed in Commerce and Trade (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Farranferris B 0.0% Shandon B 16.1% Blackpool B 16.8%
Gurranebraher B 6.3% Blackpool A 16.2% St. Patrick's A 16.3%
Fair Hill A 9.5% Fair Hill B 16.8% Farranferris A 16.2%
Turners Cross C 9.5% Centre B 17.0% Shandon A 15.9%
Gurranebraher E 10.3% The Glen A 17.1% Shandon B 14.4%
96CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
Figure 21: % Population by ED
PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION AT WORK THAT ARE EMPLOYED
IN COMMERCE AND TRADE, 2016 ±
Less than 18%
PERCENTAGE OF THE 18% to 21%
POPULATION AT WORK THAT 21% to 24%
24% to 27%
ARE EMPLOYED IN COMMERCE Fairhill/
Greater than 27%
Gurranabraher/
AND TRADE, 2016 (SOURCE: CSO) Rapid Areas
Farranree
Blackpool/The Glen/Mayfield Blackpool/The Glen
Mayfield
Fairhill/Gurranabraher/Farranree
Knocknaheeny/Hollyhill/Churchfield
Mahon Knocknaheeny/
Hollyhill/
Togher
Churchfield
Cork City Boundary
Mahon
Togher
0 0.5 1 2
Kilometers Source: Esri, HERE, Garmin, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community
30 - MANUFACTURING
https://www.ibec.ie/IBEC/BA.nsf/
vPages/Business_Sectors~manufac-
Manufacturing is the second largest employer in Ireland employing 159,000 people. 82%
turing-ireland/$file/Ibec_Manufac-
turing_Ireland_Brochure_2016.pdf. of the 4,000 manufacturing companies are based outside the Dublin region30 and 71% of all
manufacturers export. This industry is the third most prominent employment sector in Cork
31 -
City and includes large producers such as Apple, Boston Scientific, Heineken and Dulux,
2016 Employment and Land Use
Survey, Cork City. as well as small-scale enterprises.31
The manufacturing sector in Cork shows a stable employment record with the same
proportion employed in 2006 as in 2016 (13.9%). The city has a lower proportion than the
City and Suburbs (15.1%) and is higher than the State (11.4%), which experienced a fall of
0.2% since 2011.
The EDs with the highest proportions employed in Manufacturing in 2016 were Shandon
A, Gurranebraher E, Fair Hill B, Fair Hill A and Gurranebraher A. These EDs are on the North
West side of Cork City and, apart from Shandon A, are designated as RAPID areas. Fair Hill
B has a high proportion of retired, and those unable to work. Gurranebraher E also has a high
proportion unable to work. Gurranebraher A, Gurranebraher E, Fair Hill B and Fair Hill A are
amongst the EDs with the highest proportions of ‘unskilled.’
97CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
Figure 22: % Population by ED
PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION AT WORK THAT ARE EMPLOYED
IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, 2016 ±
Less than 10%
PERCENTAGE OF THE 10% to 13%
POPULATION AT WORK THAT ARE 13% to 16%
16% to 19%
EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURING Fairhill/
Greater than 19%
Gurranabraher/
INDUSTRIES, 2016 (SOURCE: CSO) Rapid Areas
Farranree
Blackpool/The Glen/Mayfield Blackpool/The Glen
Mayfield
Fairhill/Gurranabraher/Farranree
Knocknaheeny/Hollyhill/Churchfield
Mahon Knocknaheeny/
Hollyhill/
Togher
Churchfield
Cork City Boundary
Mahon
Togher
0 0.5 1 2
Kilometers Source: Esri, HERE, Garmin, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community
Table 59: EDs with Highest Proportions Employed in Manufacturing (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Blackpool A 18.8% Fair Hill B 21.2% Shandon A 23.0%
Pouladuff A 16.7% Gurranebraher A 19.7% Gurranebraher E 21.9%
The Lough 16.2% Shandon A 19.7% Fair Hill B 20.6%
Farranferris C 15.8% Togher B 19.5% Fair Hill A 19.4%
Greenmount 15.5% Fair Hill C 18.8% Gurranebraher A 19.2%
Table 60: EDs with Lowest Proportions Employed in Manufacturing (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Gillabbey B 0.0% Gillabbey B 6.3% Bishopstown A 9.6%
Gurranebraher E 0.0% Evergreen 8.1% The Lough 9.5%
Mardyke 0.0% Browningstown 8.3% Mayfield 9.2%
Pouladuff B 2.3% Mardyke 8.4% Gillabbey B 9.2%
Farranferris A 3.2% Glasheen B 9.0% Knockrea B 8.9%
98CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
32 - BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION
https://www.esri.ie/pubs/
JACB201418.pdf (John Fitzgerald).
9.9% of Cork City’s population was employed in this sector in 2006. As a result of the
recession in 2008 the construction industry effectively collapsed32 and by 2011 employment
in this sector fell to 3.6% of the city’s total and remained at that level until 2016. In 2016 Cork
City had a marginally lower proportion employed in construction relative to both the City
and Suburbs (4.0%) and the State (5.1%).
The EDs with the highest proportions employed in the Building and Construction Sector in
2016 were Gurranebraher B, Gurranebraher A, Fair Hill A, The Glen B and Ballyphehane A.
The Glen B, Gurranebraher A and Fair Hill A have high proportions of ‘skilled manual.’
Table 61: EDs with Highest Proportions Employed in Building and Construction (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 GEOGDESC %
Gurranebraher E 62.1% Gurranebraher B 7.5% Gurranebraher B 8.4%
Gurranebraher A 44.4% Pouladuff A 6.9% Gurranebraher A 8.0%
Blackpool A 43.8% Knockrea B 6.5% Fair Hill A 7.9%
Gurranebraher B 43.8% Fair Hill A 6.5% The Glen B 7.3%
Farranferris C 42.1% Turners Cross D 6.0% Ballyphehane A 7.3%
Table 62: EDs with Lowest Proportions Employed in Building and Construction (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Shandon B 9.4% Centre A 1.3% Centre A 1.3%
Sundays Well B 9.5% Sundays Well B 1.5% Centre B 1.3%
South Gate A 10.2% Shandon A 1.6% Gillabbey C 1.3%
Centre A 10.3% Glasheen A 1.6% Shandon B 1.2%
Mardyke 10.8% Centre B 1.7% Sundays Well B 0.6%
99CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS
This was the fourth greatest employment sector in Cork City in 2016 and the proportion who
worked in this industry almost doubled in the 10 years under review. The sector encompasses
a wide variety of types of organisations and skill levels and includes: Iarnród Eireann, Bus
Eireann, taxis, An Post, telecommunications, software publishing and data processing. In 2016
almost one in 10 workers were employed in this sector. The City and Suburbs had a marginally
higher proportion of 9.7% and the State was lower at 8.5%.
This sector demands varied skills, education levels and experience from those who work in
it. This diversity of skill need is reflected in the differing characteristics of EDs from which
employees originate. EDs with the highest proportions in 2016 were Gillabbey A, Commons,
Shandon A, Gurranebraher E and City Hall A. A high proportion of Gurranebraher E’s
population were unskilled, as it was with Ballyphehane B at the other end of this scale (lowest
proportions employed in this sector). Mardyke, Gillabbey B and Glasheen B have high student
levels, as does Gillabbey A.
Table 63: EDs with Highest Proportions Employed in Transport and Communications (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Farranferris B 46.2% Shandon A 17.6% Gillabbey A 14.4%
Ballyphehane B 33.3% Commons 15.5% Commons 14.2%
Greenmount 29.3% Turners Cross D 14.8% Shandon A 14.2%
Knocknaheeny 26.6% Farranferris A 14.5% Gurranebraher E 12.5%
Farranferris C 26.3% Blackpool B 12.7% City Hall A 12.2%
Table 64: EDs with Lowest Proportions Employed in Transport and Communications (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Bishopstown A 0.0% Mardyke 2.8% Mardyke 6.7%
Gillabbey C 0.0% Glasheen A 4.1% Ballyphehane B 5.8%
Tramore A 0.0% Bishopstown B 4.6% Gillabbey B 5.8%
Tramore B 1.3% Bishopstown A 4.7% Sundays Well A 5.3%
City Hall B 1.4% Sundays Well B 5.3% Glasheen B 4.9%
100CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
This is the fifth greatest employment sector in Cork City and includes employment in Cork
City Council, The Defence Forces, Central Statistics Office, Revenue Commissioners, An Garda
Síochána, Department of Justice and Equality, Department of Social Protection, hospitals and
Third Level Institutes. In Cork City, the City and Suburbs, and the State, employment in this
sector stands at 4.1%, 4.4% and 5.3% respectively. Cork City had a relatively low proportion
in 2016 but during the recession this sector grew from 4.1% in 2006 to 4.9% in 2011 at a time
when ‘construction’ and ‘commerce and trade’ were falling. These results may indicate that as
the economy recovers, public service and administration is a less attractive employment sector.
The EDs with the highest proportions working in Public Administration in 2016 were
Blackpool B, Bishopstown A, Fair Hill A, Tramore B and Knockrea B. These EDs very in their
characteristics, Fair Hill A has a high proportion of ‘unskilled’ whereas Bishopstown A,
Knockrea B and Tramore B have high proportions of ‘skilled’ individuals. Knockrea B has
the second highest proportion of Professional workers.
Table 65: EDs with Highest Proportions Employed in Public Administration (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Gillabbey B 5.4% Turners Cross C 9.3% Blackpool B 8.2%
Togher A 3.6% Blackpool B 8.7% Bishopstown A 8.1%
Shandon B 3.1% Fair Hill A 8.2% Fair Hill A 7.9%
Turners Cross A 2.9% Turners Cross B 8.0% Tramore B 7.3%
South Gate A 2.0% Farranferris B 7.9% Knockrea B 7.1%
The EDs with the lowest proportions working in Public Administration in 2016 were
Commons, Centre B, South Gate A, Sundays Well B and Shandon A. South Gate A, Centre B,
Shandon A and Sundays Well B have the highest population whose nationality is not Irish.
South Gate A and Shandon A are relatively densely populated whereas Commons is one
of the least densely populated.
101CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
Table 66: EDs with Lowest Proportions Employed in Public Administration (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Ballinlough A 0.0% Centre B 1.0% Commons 1.3%
Ballinlough B 0.0% Gillabbey A 1.2% Centre B 1.2%
Ballyphehane A 0.0% Mardyke 1.4% South Gate A 1.1%
Ballyphehane B 0.0% Shandon A 1.5% Sundays Well B 1.1%
Bishopstown D 0.0% South Gate A 2.1% Shandon A 0.6%
Persons at work by Industry,
Figure 23:
Persons at Work by Industry 2006 -2016, Cork City
PERSONS AT WORK BY Cork City, 2006 - 2016
INDUSTRY CORK CITY,
2006 TO 2016 (SOURCE: CSO) 35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
Agriculture Building and Manufacturing Commerce and Transport and Public Professional Other
forestry and construction industries trade communications administration services
fishing
2006 2011 2016
102CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
2.5
Unemployment
33 - The negative effects of unemployment can be multidimensional. A study carried out by
https://www.ul.ie/research/blog/
the University of Limerick (2016) found that unemployed persons are more depressed,
ul-research-shows-how-stress-un-
employment-gets-inside-body. stressed, stigmatised and report poorer physical health than those who are employed.33
34 - Research conducted in Ireland, the ‘Growing up in Ireland Study,’ examined the effect
ESRI, Irish Research shows the
of the recession on families and children. The study found that economic strain caused by
harmful effects of the recession on
Irish Children, growing up in Ireland unemployment and falling incomes puts pressure on parents/partners relationships.
survey, 2015.
The research suggested that poor relationships can undermine children’s mental health
affecting their anxiety levels and can contribute to difficult behaviour at home and at school
35 -
Cork City Profile, 2014. with the potential for serious consequences: ‘Anxious, unhappy children do worse in school,
often with long-term consequences for both wealth and health.34
36 -
http://files.nesc.ie/nesc_reports/
Across the State, the rate of unemployment more than doubled between 2006 and 2011.35
en/NESC_134_Social_Dimensions_
Exec_Summary.pdf. Many employment sectors were negatively affected but males working in the construction
sector, particularly those with low skills bore the brunt of the decline. The recession also caused
37 -
the emigration of those who had recently come to Ireland to work but also young Irish people.36
https://www.irishtimes.com/
business/economy/irish-and-span-
ish-recoveries-took-rather-differ- In the middle of 2012, Ireland’s economic recovery began.37 In 2017 Ireland was described as
ent-routes-1.3047376.
having the fastest growing economy in Europe38 and one of the consequences of this is falling
unemployment. Between 2011 and 2016 Ireland’s unemployment rate decreased by 30% with
38 -
https://www.irishtimes.com/ males accounting for 81.1% of this decrease. Across the State in 2011 the unemployment rate
business/personal-finance/not-
stood at 19% and this reduced to 12.9% by 2016.39 Looking at the difference between male and
feeling-the-economic-recovery-
you-re-not-alone-1.3164113. female unemployment there was a large disparity between the sexes: the 2011 unemployment
rate for men was 22.3% whilst that for women was much lower at 15.0%. However, the male rate
39 -
fell significantly to 13.7% in 2016 and the female rate fell slightly to 12.0%.
Statbank, EZ005: Rates for Labour
Force Participation and Unem-
ployment 2011 to 2016 by Sex, Age For 2006, 2011 and 2016 Cork City’s unemployment rates stood at 6.4%, 12.1% and 8.3%
Group, County and City, Detailed
respectively. Unemployment for males in the city increased from 8.0% in 2006 to 16.1% in 2011
Marital Status, Census Year and
Statistic. falling to 10.3% in 2016. The rate for females was 4.7% in 2006, increasing to 8.2% in 2011, reducing
to 6.4% in 2016. State-wide in 2016 the male and female rates were 9.3% and 6.6% respectively.
103CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
Figure 24:
PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION AGED 15 AND OVER THAT ARE UNEMPLOYED OR
% Population by ED
LOOKING FOR THEIR FIRST REGULAR JOB, 2016 ±
Less than 3%
PERCENTAGE OF THE 3% to 7%
POPULATION AGED 15 OR OVER 7% to 11%
11% to 15%
THAT ARE UNEMPLOYED OR Fairhill/
Greater than 15%
Gurranabraher/
LOOKING FOR THEIR FIRST Rapid Areas
Farranree
REGULAR JOB, 2016 Blackpool/The Glen/Mayfield Blackpool/The Glen
Mayfield
Fairhill/Gurranabraher/Farranree
(SOURCE: CSO) ) Knocknaheeny/Hollyhill/Churchfield
Mahon Knocknaheeny/
Hollyhill/
Togher
Churchfield
Cork City Boundary
Mahon
Togher
0 0.5 1 2
Kilometers Source: Esri, HERE, Garmin, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community
40 - In 2018 unemployment continues to fall. The seasonally adjusted rate in February was 6%,
https://www.rte.ie/news/busi-
down from 7.3% in February 2017, the lowest level since May 2008. For those aged 15-24
ness/2018/0227/943902-unem-
ployment-rate-continues-to-fall- (youth unemployment) the rate remained high at 13.2% this February.40
according-to-CSO/.
Figure 24 illustrates that areas of high unemployment are concentrated in the RAPID areas
of Knocknaheeny/Churchfield and Blackpool/The Glen/Mayfield.
The following two tables illustrate the EDs with the highest and lowest proportions of
unemployed. In the main, the same EDs feature each census year. The tables illustrate that
the unemployment rate increased considerably between 2006 and 2011 and largely recovered
between 2011 and 2016.
Most EDs with the highest proportions of unemployed are designated RAPID areas and
those that aren’t are located around the north inner city. The RAPID EDs featured also
have relatively high proportions of those who describe themselves as ‘un-skilled,’ with low
educational attainment, living in high social housing neighbourhoods with high proportions
of people with disabilities. Knocknaheeny, Farranferris B, Mayfield and The Glen A are also
amongst the most deprived EDs in Cork City.
The EDs with the lowest proportions of unemployed also remain consistent over the
censuses. Some of these EDs are designated as affluent, Bishopstown A, Gillabbey C,
Knockrea A and Browningstown with education levels of third level degree or higher,
likely demonstrating an association between higher education, affluence and employability.
A number of EDs with high employment levels also have high proportions of students:
Bishopstown A, Gillabbey C and Gillabbey B.
104CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
Table 67: Unemployed or Looking for First Regular Job, Highest Proportions, (% of Those Aged 15+) (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
The Glen A 14.6% Knocknaheeny 23.8% Knocknaheeny 18.2%
Knocknaheeny 13.9% The Glen A 23.0% Mayfield 16.8%
Mayfield 12.3% Farranferris A 20.6% The Glen A 16.5%
Farranferris B 12.1% Gurranebraher C 20.2% Farranferris B 14.9%
Gurranebraher B 11.7% Mayfield 19.5% Blackpool A 14.3%
Table 68: Unemployed or Looking for First Regular Job, Lowest Proportions (% of Those Aged 15+) (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Knockrea A 2.1% Gillabbey C 3.0% Browningstown 2.2%
Gillabbey C 2.1% Browningstown 4.3% Tramore B 2.6%
Browningstown 2.2% Bishopstown A 4.4% Gillabbey C 2.9%
Gillabbey B 2.3% Tramore B 4.5% Mahon C 3.0%
Bishopstown D 2.4% Tramore A 4.8% Bishopstown A 3.1%
41 - LIVE REGISTER
The Register also numerates those
in receipt of a number of other
Live Register figures are compiled from data returned from each local office to the Central
statutory entitlements.
Statistics Office by the Department of Employment Affairs and Social Protection (DEASP).
42 - The Register is made up of persons under the age of 65 who are ‘signing on’ and includes
The QNHS provides national aver-
individuals who are claiming Jobseeker’s Benefit (JB) excluding systematic short-term
age unemployment figures.
workers, and those applying for Jobseeker’s Allowance (JA) with some exclusions.41
The Register is not a register of ‘unemployment’. A person can work for up to three days a
week and partake in seasonal or casual work and still be entitled to JA or JB. The figures
presented below are described as the ‘Monthly Unemployment Release’ as opposed to the
‘Quarterly Unemployment Release42’ which is measured by the Quarterly National Household
Survey (QNHS). Although not a measure of unemployment, Live Register data is valuable
because it provides an insight into labour market trends, is published each month and is
105CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 02 ECONOMY
43 - available at ‘local office’ level. The QNHS provides average unemployment figures and
https://www.inou.ie/empmeasure/.
is published four times a year on a Regional (8 Regions) basis. Cork is in the ‘South West’
region which also includes Kerry.43
44 -
Cork City Profile, 2014, page 42.
Persons who ‘register’ at a local office may not reside in that office’s precisely
delineated geographic area. There are two local offices in Cork City, Hanover Street
and Abbeycourt, and registrants at these offices may not necessarily live in Cork City.
In April 2008,44 five months before the recession, 8,969 persons were on the Live
Register in Cork City. Within three years, by April 2011, numbers more than doubled and
reached 19,606. Between then and 2013 they decreased by approximately 1,000 each
year and from 2013 to 2017 they fell to 10,176, relatively close to the pre-recession figure.
The following table shows the Live Register figures and percentage changes from April
2015 to 2017. The results show numbers decreased from 14,220 to 10,176 (highlighted
in purple). They show that for those aged under 25, the decrease was greater in the first
year than the second (in yellow). Of those aged under 25, male figures decreased to
a greater extent than female (green).
Table 69: Cork City Live Register Figures, April 2015 to April 2017 (Source: CSO)
Cork City (Totals) Apr -15 % Change Apr -16 % Change Apr -17
Both sexes Under 25 years 1865 -24.8% 1403 -20.3% 1118
25 years 12355 -12.7% 10785 -16.0% 9058
and over
All ages 14220 -14.3% 12188 -16.5% 10176
Male Under 25 years 1187 -24.8% 893 -21.4% 702
25 years 8180 -13.1% 7108 -17.2% 5882
and over
All ages 9367 -14.6% 8001 -17.7% 6584
Female Under 25 years 678 -24.8% 510 -18.4% 416
25 years 4175 -11.9% 3677 -13.6% 3176
and over
All ages 4853 -13.7% 4187 -14.2% 3592
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