EO FOR WATER AND NATURAL RESOURCES MONITORING MAKING THE INVISIBLE VISIBLE - MIMOUNI Mustapha - Copernicus
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EO FOR WATER AND NATURAL RESOURCES MONITORING
MAKING THE INVISIBLE VISIBLE
Copernicus Relays December Visio conference
17 December 2020
MIMOUNI Mustapha
Sahara and Sahel Observatory
mustapha.mimouni@oss.org.tn
Sahara and Sahel Observatory (OSS) : Who are we ?
• The Sahara and Sahel Observatory (OSS) is an
international, intergovernmental organization
operating in Africa’s Sahara-Sahel region. OSS
was founded in 1992 and is established in Tunis
(Tunisia) since 2000.
• 26 African countries, 7 non African countries
• OSS mission is to support its African member
countries in the sustainable management of
their natural resources by integrating climate
change dimension. It is based essentially on
knowledge transfer, capacity building and
awareness-raising.
EO integration in water and natural resources management in our zone
•Skills required for Time- •Limitations of
series Processing access/process EO data,
•Transform the raw data internet bandwidth
into indicators •Data sharing issues
•Capacity building •In-situ data
Expertise Data
Weak integration High added value
Weak integration of Reliable source of
Earth Observation in orientation in the
Sustainable Water & decision-making
Land Management chain
Missing ? Hardware
•Capitalization of expertise •Acquisition, storage and
•End-users involvement processing of EO data
•Communication •Dissemination issues due
to servers limitation
Monitoring progress towards SDG’s : Main Challenges
• Availability and reliability of data used for SDG’s monitoring
• Which indicator is more appropriate? It may change in regions inside the
country, including geographical, socio-economical and climatic, which make
it difficult to select the appropriate indicator, and to monitor it over time
• What methodology ? What workflow is more suitable ?
• What about the accuracy?
• Accessibility of data for indicators calculation
• Communication on EO potential for SDG’s monitoring , raising awareness
OSS Operational workflows for EO integration in WNR management
Identifying WNR manager’s objectives and
needs
Exploring the opportunities of using EO to
design operational solutions
Co-design the approaches, products and
solutions and Develop first DSS prototypes
Feedbacks collection & versioning, setup
operational frameworks
Technology transfer, capacity building and
services appropriation
Regional cooperation for groundwater resources management (CREM)
Nebhana watershed
Remila-F’kirina plain
Tunisia
Morocco Algeria
Souss-Massa-Draa watershed
Water managers needs ▪ Identifying non-authorized abstraction ▪ Estimate water abstractions (where, when, water abstracts quantification) ▪ Analysis of the actual situation, Solutions / reflections has to be proposed: irrigation mode, crops type, farmers behavior, …. ? ▪ Scientific and technical tools allowing the production of accurate information on water quantity, scenarios of different profiles in the future Different workshops (information, restitution, planning, field visits, trainings, …) has been held to ensure and maintain end-users involvement
Water points inventory
▪ Water points database is a key elements in
groundwater resources management
▪ Overlaying the shared database with actual ~3 KM
satellite imagery reveals inconsistencies,
incompleteness and outdates of data
▪ Satellite imagery has been used as support for
identifying anomalies
▪ Results : updated database, as common support
for decision making, shared among the partners
Decision making
was based on wrong
information
Field visits to update the water points inventory Field visits have been carried by local partners, using GPS and EO-derived products
Illicit / Non inventoried water points
Overlay of water points database on Sentinel-2 image acquired during the dry season
> 50% of abstractions are not inventoried ▪ Irrigated areas from
non-inventoried water
points can be delimited
from satellite imagery
▪ the red dots represent
the water points
inventoried on the
ground, the red
rectangles represent the
irrigated areas where no
water points are
Sentinel-2 image, acquired on 31st July 2018
identifiedNon inventoried water points (illicit extensions) How to identify illicit water points supposing that all the authorized one are in our database? ▪ The characterization of each water point by a "zone of influence" which corresponds to an agricultural area that can be irrigated from this water point. ▪ Comparative analysis (Areas potentially irrigable from water points) & (Irrigated areas extracted from satellite imagery)
Water points identification from very high resolution satellite imagery
Is-it possible to proceed to a complete water points inventory using satellite imagery ?
•
▪ It is possible to inventory
the wells;
▪ It is impossible to identify
the boreholes;
▪ It is impossible to locate
water points in areas
not covered by field
visits.Irrigated areas mapping from time series Sentinel-2 imagery
Tunisia
AlgeriaIrrigation monitoring in greenhouses context - Morocco
Chtouka plain -
Morocco
Automatic extraction of irrigated areas
(greenhouses & open fields) from Sentinel-
2 time-series imagery
Rainfall : < 200mm/an
Deficit : 60 - 80 million m3 par an
Exportation : 90% of fruits and
vegetables
One model trained on a reference
satellite acquisition (July 2019) is used for
irrigation monitoring (greenhouses &
open field)at monthly basisIrrigated areas mapping and water abstraction estimation
Combining local
knowledge & in-situ
data availability &
field visit constraints
Simple cost-effective
method using
vegetation indices
synthesisGlobal Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES&Africa)
• Algeria : Algerian Space Agency (ASAL)
• Tunisia : National Center of Mapping and Remote
Sensing (CNCT)
• Libya : Libyan Centre for Remote Sensing and
Space Sciences (LCRSSS)
• Egypt : Desert Research Center (DRC)
• Mauritania : University of Nouakchott Asriya (UNA)
• African Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in
French Language(CRASTE- LF)
• Regional Center for Remote Sensing of North Africa States (CRTEAN)GMES&Africa operational services
03 Operational service based on an optimal and realistic approach, taking into
consideration ancillary data availability , which can be reproduced in other regions
• Water Abstraction Surveillance, Expression of needs
Monitoring and Assessment in in terms of EO-
Irrigated Areas derived products
Translate the needs
into technical
specifications
• Land Degradation Monitoring and
Assessment
Develop well tailored
operational services
• Agriculture Seasonal Monitoring,
Early Warning and Assessment
Appropriation &
capacity buildingGMES&Africa : LULC mapping using Sentinel-2 imagery • Sentinel-2 data has been used for LULC mapping for North-African countries • LULC maps are used as reference layers for operational services development in GMES&Africa
GMES&Africa : in-situ data collection (in synergy with AfriCultureS project) Field data collection involving end-users (crop type, growth stages, irrigation, …) → model training and calibration Meeting with end-users to present the product and services, and exchange on the specificities of the pilot sites → end-users involvement and knowledge experts integration
Crop mapping using time-series Sentinel-2 imagery and ML techniques
Crop mapping using time-series Sentinel-2 imagery and ML techniques
• Seasonal crop
maps
• Digital format
(ready for GIS
analysis…)
• Customizable
(crops,
seasons, …)
• Capacity
building for
local actors
• Automatic
workflow (to
be developed)MISLAND : GMES Land degradation monitoring service in North-Africa
SDG 15.3.1 (UNCCD
guidelines) + Landsat
integration
Vegetation trends (gain & loss
, Landsat long term analysis)
Global Forest Change
Forest fires (Landsat &
Sentinel-2 for burn scars
mapping)
Assessment of Vulnerability to
desertification (MEDALUS,
RUSLE)MISBAR → GMES Agriculture & Water monitoring services in North- Africa
Capacity building activities
Training of trainers on advanced EO for WNR monitoring
Training of end users on the GMES services useConclusion • Copernicus EO time series data coupled with a minimum of in-situ data can be operationally implemented to derive insights in support to decision making • Involvement of end-users is a key measure to provide reliable information and ensure the appropriation of the approaches • There is a lack of awareness on the benefits/importance of using EO data : insufficient communication on mature applications and success stories • Showcasing EO potential for SDG’s reporting and progress measure can be a relevant way to raise awareness. • Developing a replicable approach for monitoring water and natural resources from space is very relevant , we welcome organizations, research centers, and professionals to support us & collaborate with us
Conclusion
SDG’s Goals are interlinked
(Agriculture) (Water) (Forest) (Land Degradation)
(groundwater pollution) (Food Security) (Energy)
…… → Themes are linked → Ecosystemic approaches and
problems apprehension
• EO advocacy: highlight the relevance of EO for water and natural resources
monitoring, showcasing and raising awareness
• Develop more user-friendly interfaces for EO services
▪ (Multi-level Raising awareness) and (EO advocacy) → Convince to
share data → more reliable products → more involvement and
engagement →→ →→ (iterative process)Monitoring progress towards SDG’s : a potential solution ???
• Highlighting the potential
Through surveys, feedbacks from
of EO integration in SDG’s
different projects and key experts
monitoring
• Integrate the EO
dimension in national Key indicators
planning (free data)
• Demonstrate through Agriculture Water resources Food Security
operational use-cases at
different levels and scales
the EO potential use, the
challenges and needs.
Communication &
raising awarenessThank you for Questions ? your attention
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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