Home Activity Pack - Flying Start Challenge
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Home Activity Pack
What is Flying Start Challenge?
A regional competition to design and build a hand launched glider which
will fly as far and as straight as possible.
What do you get out of this Home Activity Pack?
Have fun
Help subject choices for KS3
Develop key skills
Learn about engineering
Learn about aircraft physics
Forge links with local industry
What is your Home Activity Pack for?
To help you to learn about aircraft design, manufacture and testing at
home ready for next year’s competition and inspire you to become an
engineer in the future.
@FlyingStartChal
linkedin.com/company/flying-start-challenge
@flyingstartchallenge
facebook.com/flyingstartchallenge
2
Contents
Introduction 4
Activity 1: Basics of Flight 7
Activity 2: Lift & Drag 14
Activity 3: Materials & Manufacturing 18
Activity 4: Flight Testing 21
Activity 5: Design and Build Activity 25
Activity 6: Plane of the Future Activity 28
Activity 7: Record Breaking Aircraft 31
Activity 8: Moon Lander Activity 35
What Have You Learnt? 39
Answers 42
3
Introduction
4
Brief
This workbook will help you to learn about aircraft design, manufacture
and testing at home ready for next year’s competition and hopefully inspire
you to become an engineer in the future! You should use the online
resources below and any other websites/books/learning material to assist
you.
Online Resources
BBC Bitesize https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize
STEM https://www.stem.org.uk/resources
https://www.airbus.com/company/sustainability/airbus-
Airbus
foundation/discovery-space.html
Aerospace
https://aerospacebristol.org/at-home-with-aerospace-bristol
Bristol
Social Media
Let us know how you are getting on by tagging us on social media!
@FlyingStartChal
linkedin.com/company/flying-start-challenge
@flyingstartchallenge
facebook.com/flyingstartchallenge
5
General Engineering
Engineering is a very broad topic and branches into many different areas
of society.
Circle what you think are engineered:
List 5 attributes which engineers portray:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6
Activity 1: Basics of Flight
7
1. What is the difference between a regular aircraft and a
glider?
2. Show the forces acting on an aircraft:
- Using Lift, Thrust, Weight & Drag
3. Match the force on the left with its correct statement
Lift Caused by gravity
Thrust Generated by the wings; this force counteracts weight
Weight Caused by air resistance
Drag Generated by the engines (or by throwing your gliders!)
8
4. Where in the atmosphere does:
i. An Aircraft fly during its cruising phase of flight?
(Circle the number on the diagram)
ii. A Glider during flight? (Circle the number on the diagram)
9
5. Complete the sentences below to show how you
might control the flight of a glider using the following
answers:
Pitch, Balanced, Horizontal Stabiliser, Symmetrical, Roll, Vertical
Stabiliser
Making sure that your wings are __________ and ____________ will
help to prevent _________.
In order to control _________ you need a __________ and a good
weight balance
A ______________ helps to prevent yaw.
Important for maintaining straight and level flight!
10Anhedral and Dihedral Wings:
Anhedral Wing tips are below the attachment point on the aircraft’s
fuselage (see diagram below). This makes the aircraft less stable during
flight, but gives greater manoeuvrability so you will find these on
fighter/military aircrafts usually.
11Dihedral Wings tips are above the attachment point on the aircraft’s
fuselage (see diagram below). This gives an aircraft more stability so
you will find them on transport and airline type aeroplanes.
126. Using the information you have just learnt, can you
circle all the aircrafts (below) that have Anhedral
Wings?
13Activity 2: Lift & Drag
14Flight Dynamics
(You will not have control surfaces or engines on your glider)
1. Match the glider part with its role
Wing Gives glider stability in pitch
Provides the lift which counteracts the
Fuselage weight of the glider. Long and thin
shape.
Separates the “tailplane” from the wing
Vertical Stabiliser and the centre of gravity. Also carries
(Fin) payload (passengers or cargo) in a
large aircraft.
Horizontal Stabiliser
Gives glider stability in yaw
(Tailplane)
152. Show how a wing creates lift
When the smooth air flow is disturbed, you get drag. The shape of your
glider determines how much the air flow is disturbed.
3. What effect does drag have on your glider in flight?
4. How can drag be reduced?
16Drag Activity
5. Number the aircrafts from the highest (1) to the lowest
drag (4).
17Activity 3: Materials &
Manufacturing
181. Match the material qualities with their definitions.
Material Quality Definition
Low Density Easily shaped (at High Temperatures)
Ductile Very strong
Malleable Low weight for a given size
Corrosion Resistant Bends and stretches before breaking
Design Flexibility Long life and requires minimal maintenance
High strength It does not rust
Durable Can be formed into very complex shapes
2. Which of the above material qualities do these
materials have?
Composites:
Aluminium:
3. What is the difference between ferrous and non-
ferrous metals?
4. What is the scientific name for plastic?
195. What is the difference between a thermoplastic and a
thermosetting plastic?
6. What should you consider when choosing aircraft
materials?
7. Name 3 methods for joining aerospace materials
1.
2.
3.
20Activity 4: Flight Testing
21Brief
Flight testing is a critical stage in the design of aircraft. Up until flight
test, the aircraft will only have been tested by computer modelling,
simulation and ground testing.
Flight testing allows us to see how an aircraft actually performs in real
life. During flight testing we can continuously modify and improve the
aircraft design. Typical commercial aircraft flight test campaigns last over
a year and entail the aircraft flying over 2,600 hours.
During this activity you will perform your own mini flight test campaign.
On the next page you will find the template of an aircraft. Stick the
template onto a piece of cardboard and then cut out all the thick black
lines and thick green lines only (make sure you have supervision when
cutting out the aircraft).
The wing and tail should then be able to slot into the two slots you have
cut out in the fuselage.
Your aircraft is now ready for flight testing.
Give it a throw and see how it flies!
During the flight test campaign you can now modify your aircraft in the
following ways:
Fold left or right along the thick orange line to adjust the rudder.
Fold up or down along the thick orange line to adjust the elevator.
Fold up or down along the thick orange line to adjust the ailerons.
Add ballast such as bluetac to the blue ballast circle on the nose
of the aircraft.
Some of the modifications above will make your aircraft fly better and
some will make it fly worse. Experiment to find the best modifications.
22Why not film your aircraft being flight tested, upload it to social media
and tag Flying Start Challenge!
@FlyingStartChal
linkedin.com/company/flying-start-challenge
@flyingstartchallenge
facebook.com/flyingstartchallenge
2324
Activity 5: Design and Build
Activity
25Brief
Using recyclable materials at home, make a glider “like you would if you
were at School”.
Get creative and make it colourful!
Once you have built your Glider, upload it to social media and tag Flying
Start Challenge!
@FlyingStartChal
linkedin.com/company/flying-start-challenge
@flyingstartchallenge
facebook.com/flyingstartchallenge
Here is a list of materials which you could use:
Cardboard toilet rolls
Juice/Milk cartons
Newspaper
Cardboard
26 Foil
Wood (if using, make sure you have supervision)
Paper
Plastic bottles/containers (washed out of course)
These are just some of the household items which you could use with
your glider build.
Make sure you have some cutting equipment (e.g. Scissors - but make
sure you have adult supervision), some sort of sticking method (e.g.
cello tape, glue, elastic bands, etc.) and anything else you think is
essential to the build!
Good Luck and let’s make things fly!!
27Activity 6: Plane of the
Future Activity
28Brief
Modern commercial aircraft are designed to optimise fuel efficiency and
passenger/cargo loading.
In the future the priorities are shifting towards making more
environmentally friendly aircraft using new technologies and reducing
fossil fuel usage.
For this activity use the drawing sheet on the next page to design, colour
and label what you think aircraft of the future should look like. Include
features and technologies that may make the aircraft environmentally
friendly and maybe other interesting features that future passengers may
enjoy!
Once you have designed your aircraft upload it to social media and tag
Flying Start Challenge!
@FlyingStartChal
linkedin.com/company/flying-start-challenge
@flyingstartchallenge
facebook.com/flyingstartchallenge
29SCALE SHEET
FIRST ANGLE
NOT TO SCALE PROJECTION 1/1
NAME
C
D.O. ORIGIN SIZE DRAWING NO.
B
A4
TITLE
A
IssActivity 7: Record Breaking
AircraftBrief
Since the first aircraft took to the skies in 1903, many significant aircraft
have broken the boundaries of engineering and set new records in the
sky.
Some are now retired but others still roam the skies and can be seen at
airports every day. No doubt there will be plenty more record breaking
aircrafts to be designed in the future which you could be a part of.
For this activity match up all the different aircraft pictures and names in
the grid below.
Why not upload a picture of your favourite aircraft to social media and
say why you love it. Don’t forget to tag Flying Start Challenge!
@FlyingStartChal
linkedin.com/company/flying-start-challenge
@flyingstartchallenge
facebook.com/flyingstartchallenge
Names:
Boeing 747 Cessna 172
Hawker Siddeley Harrier Jump Airbus A380-800
Jet Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird
Wright Flyer Antonov An-225
Supermarine Spitfire De Havilland Comet
Concorde
Descriptions:
– The world’s biggest airplane – The world’s first commercial jet
– The world’s first airplane to fly liner
– The world’s first vertical take-off – The world’s fastest airplane
combat aircraft – The world’s biggest passenger
– Held the passenger capacity airplane
record for 37 years – The world’s bestselling plane of
– The only fighter built throughout all time
World War 2 – The world’s second supersonic
passenger transport aircraft
32Aircraft Name Description
34
Activity 8: Moon Lander
Activity
35Brief
Build a ‘Moon Lander’ to keep two “Astronauts” inside a cup as it is
dropped from 3 different heights.
You will have to:
Design a Moon Lander
Build it
Test it
Modify it (if the design is not perfect from the start!!)
o Then re-test it (if needed)
Perform the landing capability of your Moon Lander
Take over the universe
36Design & Build
• Keep the design simple, to allow for an easy build – it does not
need to be complicated.
• Once happy, make sure you test you design and make sure the
landing concept works.
• If your design needs to be modified, make sure this is considered
at the initial stages of the design.
• Make your design to be as creative as can be – don’t stick to the
statuesque!!
Top Tip for Design
• Sketch out your ‘Moon Lander’ before actually building it!
• Here are some actual examples of Moon/Space Landers used in
real life:
• Here are some examples of how your ‘Moon Lander’ could look
37Equipment
You can use the following:
Sheets of Card
Straws
Sheets of Paper
Masking Tape
Plastic Cup
2 Astronauts (2 Table Tennis Balls)
Marshmallows or Modelling Clay
Landing your Moon Lander:
The Moon Lander should be deployed from three different heights:
• Troposphere Landing: 1.0m
• Stratosphere Landing: 1.5m
• Thermosphere Landing: 2.0m
Once you have built your Moon Lander, upload it to social media and tag
Flying Start Challenge!
@FlyingStartChal
linkedin.com/company/flying-start-challenge
@flyingstartchallenge
facebook.com/flyingstartchallenge
38What Have You Learnt?
39Why is engineering important?
What are the most important considerations you must take
into account when designing and building an aircraft?
40Test Phase
From Activity 5 “Design and Build”, explain why your glider is
designed the way it is.
Explain how testing has improved your glider?
- What changes have you made?
- How have they helped?
41Answers
42Basic of Flight
1. Glider: Carries up to 2 people, Long wings, No engines, limited Landing Gear
Aircraft: Has some sort of propulsion system, Landing Gear, has multiple systems on-board,
can carry more than 2 people
2.
3. Lift = Generated by the wings; this force counteracts weight
Thrust = Generated by the engines (or by throwing your gliders!)
Weight = Caused by gravity
Drag = Caused by air resistance
4. i. 4,
ii. 5
5. Making sure that your wings are Symmetrical and Balanced will help to prevent Roll.
In order to control Pitch you need a Horizontal Stabiliser and a good weight balance.
A Vertical Stabiliser helps to prevent yaw.
6.
Lift & Drag
1. Wing = Provides the lift which counteracts the weight of the glider. Long and thin shape.
43Fuselage = Separates the “tailplane” from the wing and the centre of gravity. Also carries
payload (passengers or cargo) in a large aircraft.
Vertical Stabiliser (Fin) = Gives glider stability in yaw
Horizontal Stabiliser (Tailplane) = Gives glider stability in pitch
2.
3. Drag slows the aircraft down - The shape of the aircraft determines how much drag is
produced.
4. To reduce drag, you need a shape which will cut through the air and maintain a smooth air
flow.
445.
(3)
(4)
(1)
(2)
Materials and Manufacture
1. Low Density = Low weight for a given size
Ductile = Easily Shaped (at High Temperatures)
Malleable = Can be formed into very complex shapes
Corrosion Resistant = It does not rust
Design Flexibility = Bends and stretches before breaking
High strength = Very strong
Durable = Long life and requires minimal maintenance
2. Composites: Low weight for a given size, Can be formed into very complex shapes, Very
strong, long life and requires minimal maintenance.
Aluminum: Low weight for a given size, Bends and stretches before breaking, Easily Shaped
(at High Temperatures), does not rust.
3. Ferrous metals contain iron.
4. Polymer
5. Thermoplastics can be re-melted back into a liquid, whereas thermoset plastics always
remain in a permanent solid state.
6. High strength to weight ratio, durability, corrosion resistance.
7. Rivets, welding, adhesive, screw fasteners, bolts.
45Record Breaking Aircraft
Aircraft Name Description
The only fighter built
Supermarine Spitfire throughout World
War 2
The world’s second
supersonic
Concorde
passenger transport
aircraft
The world’s biggest
Antonov An-225
airplane
The world’s first
Hawker Siddeley
vertical take-off
Harrier Jump Jet
combat aircraft
The world’s biggest
Airbus A380-800
passenger airplane
The world’s first
Wright Flyer
airplane to fly
46Aircraft Name Description
Lockheed Martin SR- The world’s fastest
71 Blackbird airplane
The world’s
Cessna 172 bestselling plane of
all time
The world’s first
De Havilland Comet
commercial jet liner
Held the passenger
Boeing 747 capacity record for 37
years
A note from the Authors:
“We hope you have enjoyed the FSC Work Book and have been able to
take some sort of learning away from it! We wish you luck in your future
studies and exciting careers ahead of you!”
Alexander Hayes, Jack Lewis, Keshav Ooriah, Nimal de Silva
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