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Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation
2 Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation
Contents
1 Introduction | 5
A key lever to reduce environmental impacts is a dietary
shift to more plant-based foods 7
What is protein? 8
2 State of the world and outlook for plant protein
production and consumption | 9
3 Hurdles and levers to scaling up plant proteins globally | 13
1. Supporting a healthy and sustainable transition to plant protein production 13
2. Increasing global demand for diverse plant proteins 13
3. Reorienting policies and regulations 14
4. Reflecting the true value of food with a long-term perspective 14
4 Mapping of existing initiatives | 16
5 Solution spaces | 24
ENABLE: Engage investors, businesses and policy-makers to support dietary shifts 24
PULL: Create the market conditions to increase plant protein demand 24
INSPIRE: Develop and promote a global narrative to positively position plant proteins 25
CULTIVATE: Build a thriving, sustainable supply of plant proteins from the ground
up using sustainable agriculture 25
6 Conclusion | 26
Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 3
About FReSH
Food Reform for • Healthy and sustainable, from This report is a call for action
Sustainability and Health fork to farm; for the business community
(FReSH) is a project of the • Food loss and waste;
and beyond to understand that
Food & Nature Program business as usual is no longer
of the World Business • True value of food; an option and to find ways to
Council for Sustainable • Policy and advocacy.
scale up plant proteins to deliver
Development (WBCSD). healthy, enjoyable diets for all.
The healthy and sustainable
We will complement these
We take a ’fork to farm’ from fork to farm workstream
documents with a FReSH
approach, starting with what accelerates the development
roadmap to be launched at the
people consume and focusing of business-led solutions with
Global Nutrition Summit in Tokyo
on the dietary and production the biggest positive health and
containing a concrete action plan
shifts that are required, to environmental impacts – as
for positive nutrition, protein and
develop, implement and scale outlined in FReSH’s sustainable
plants.
transformative business solutions and healthy diets report
that are aligned with science- published in 2018, as well as
based targets. FReSH emerged international publications issued
from the WBCSD and EAT the following year. We do this by
Partnership. focusing on the following topics:
FReSH facilitates the pre- • Accelerating the delivery of
competitive collaboration of positive nutrition by the food
over 30 member companies industry;
to accelerate transformational
change in the food system • Scaling-up healthy and
in order to reach healthy, sustainable protein
enjoyable diets for all, produced production and consumption;
responsibly within planetary • Stimulating the healthy and
boundaries. We focus on areas sustainable production and
where business can have consumption of a diversity of
the most impact, along four nutrient-rich plants.
transformational goals:
Defining key terms:
• A plant-based diet is a diet comprised of foods mainly sourced from plants.
• A plant-based food is a food coming from any part of a plant; an animal-based food is a food
sourced from animals, including meat, fish and dairy products.
• A plant-based product is a processed product derived from plant ingredients.
• A plant protein is a protein found within a plant-based food or product.
• A plant-based protein is a protein derived from plants that can be isolated and added to another
product.
4 Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation
1 Introduction
Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 5
1 Introduction
A KEY LEVER TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
IS A DIETARY SHIFT TO MORE PLANT-BASED FOODS
The global food system provides agriculture (see figure captions Thus, rebalancing diets with
billions of people with energy, for more details). more plant-based foods
protein and other nutrients to – especially in countries
support daily life. Yet it is also a Animal-based foods tend to have dominated by Western diets
major source of greenhouse gas higher environmental impacts where animal proteins are
emissions, it is depleting natural than plant-based foods.12,13,14 overconsumed – provides
resources and fails to secure Regardless of the production an opportunity to reduce
healthy diets for all communities system, livestock are major greenhouse GHG emissions,
around the world.1,2,3,4 We have emitters of greenhouse gases. the amount of land required for
an urgent need to transform They represent about 14.5% agriculture, natural resource
our food system to achieve the of all human-induced GHG consumption, chemical input
Sustainable Development Goals emissions (which would use and biodiversity loss.19, 20
(SDGs). be roughly equivalent to To ensure the realization of this
7.8 gigatons carbon dioxide opportunity and a balanced and
Consensus is increasing on the equivalent (CO2e) in 2018) and diverse market of plant-based
best pathways to transform the about 50% of emissions from foods will require both farm-
global food system to ensure a agriculture.15,16 As discussed level (e.g., to improve nitrogen
sustainable and healthy future. in the FReSH “People, Planet, conversion efficiency from
Thought leaders from the Protein – What’s the Plan?” fertilizer to plant protein) and
scientific community and civil Science to Solutions Dialogue,17 system-level interventions.
society highlight the opportunity these high GHG emissions
to improve health and promote are attributable to the fact
global sustainability by shifting to that it is necessary to feed
plant-based diets.5,6,7,8,9 animals throughout their life
and ruminants such as cows
Figure 1 presents in graphic release large quantities of enteric
format the respective impacts of methane, a potent greenhouse
potential of business solutions to gas.18
mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions from land-use and
Figure 1: Mitigation potential of business solutions on land and agriculture GHG emissions in GtCO210
2010
IPCC/FAO Government action
Total GHG emissions from land and agriculture (GtCO 2e)
9
8 2010 FAO Business leadership
2030 Zero land
7 FABLE expansion
A orestation
6 Diets
Waste Crop
Ruminant
productivity Arable land
5 productivity Animal
regenerative
precision
practices Pastureland
feeding
4 (incl. SOC regenerative
“On-farm
“On-farm
sequestr.) practices
insetting”
insetting”
(incl. SOC
ruminant
3 sequestr.)
biogas
enteric
and
fermentation 2030
biofuel
2 Target
1
0
6 Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation
WHY FOCUS ON PLANT PROTEINS?
Central to the discussion on In developed countries, there is As such, any strategy to achieve a
transforming the global food a clear need – and a tremendous transformational shift in the food
system is protein. Proteins are opportunity – to reach the system provides an opportunity
essential for the human body; right protein intake levels and to address social issues such
therefore, consuming adequate rebalance the protein mix by as access to healthy foods and
protein is vital to ensuring basic promoting the production and securing farmer income and
human health. Moreover, foods consumption of plant proteins. livelihoods. In the transition to
containing proteins are an Increased plant protein offerings a more diverse plant protein
important part of what makes can help balance and diversify offering, it is essential to include
food appealing in terms of aroma, diets, thereby fostering good farmers to ensure there is no risk
taste and texture. The amount health and nutrition, decreasing of income instability.
of protein an individual person environmental damage and
requires depends on many improving social factors such A sustainable global food system
factors (e.g., gender, weight, as food security and farmer will require work to ensure the
physical activity) but generally livelihoods. accessibility and availability of
falls in the range of 40-70 grams a variety of high-quality and
per day for adults across the Pathways to achieving optimal nutritious plant proteins for
globe.21 In Europe, North America protein intake and balance differ people across different cultures
and an increasing number of according to the development and incomes.
developing regions, many people level and sociocultural habits
of different regions. In many In the plant protein
today consume more protein
developed regions, like the workstream, we identify and
than biologically necessary. This
Europe and United States, support the best solutions
overconsumption of proteins
balancing protein intake requires to scale-up a variety of plant
parallels a greater consumption
a reduction in animal protein proteins globally, promoting
of animal proteins instead of plant
consumption. In other regions, a sustainable and healthy
proteins.
such as Africa and India, which balance of plant and animal
In Europe, the share of protein have a high plant protein intake,26 proteins. Together with
from animal sources (meat, eggs, the challenge is to ensure the our members, we focus on
dairy) compared to total protein population can maintain or driving the specific solutions
increased from 48% in 1960 improve access to an optimal where we can achieve the
to over 60% in recent years.22 mix of protein sources along with highest potential impact
Rising levels are also occurring in socioeconomic growth. through collaboration.
China, with an enormous global
impact.23 Generally, the dietary From an agricultural perspective,
share of animal protein – and data shows sufficient global
specifically meat protein – grows protein production to satisfy
in step with increasing GDP; the basic needs of the world’s
the various socioeconomic growing population; however,
explanations for this are related important issues remain,
to higher per person income, including diversity of available
urbanization and accessibility.24 foods, food waste across supply
With this increase in protein chains, maintaining farmer
consumption, and specifically livelihoods in rural areas, as well
proteins from red meats, come as equity and access to high-
higher environmental impacts – quality protein in low-income
on climate, land and biodiversity populations.27,28,29
– and can have a detrimental
impact on health.11,25
Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 7
WHAT IS A PROTEIN?
A protein is a molecular structure absorption by the body. Plant extract and purify isolated plant-
built out of amino acids that products can be complete based proteins and then use them
is fundamental to life. Protein proteins on their own (e.g., quinoa as an ingredient in a plant-based
provides nitrogen, energy and or soy) or act as complementary product. Extracting proteins
amino acids that are essential protein sources. This is important from plants can help facilitate
to building and maintaining the for diets high in plant proteins digestibility and absorption
functioning of cells, tissues and because different types of plants by the body.
organs. There are 20 amino acids have different amino acid profiles
that are the building blocks for all and digestibility. Thus, consuming A trade-off to protein isolation is
proteins. There are nine essential diverse plant foods can help that, depending on the food that
amino acids that the human body to obtain complete amino acid receives the protein, it may not
cannot make and thus that we profiles, for example by combining provide other nutrients contained
need to obtain from food. Both legumes with cereals, such as in whole plant-based food,
animal and plant proteins provide lentils with rice.30 Whole plants such as fibers, antioxidants
all 20 amino acids, including the (e.g., whole grains, nuts and seeds, and micronutrients.
nine essential ones. fruits, vegetables and legumes)
In the recently published
can also offer beneficial fibers,
A “complete protein” refers to a Food and Land Use Coalition
phytonutrients, antioxidants and
source of protein that contains report (FOLU),33 health aspects
other micronutrients; diets high in
all essential amino acids that related to food consumption
these whole plant-based foods are
the human body can adequately and food production dominate
associated with decreased risks of
digest and absorb to meet its externalities (see Figure 2).
non-communicable diseases.31,32
needs. Plant products have However, environmental aspects
different amino acid profiles Another way to consume proteins related to biochemical flows
and different digestibility and from plants is as plant-based of phosphorous and nitrogen
protein isolates. Food companies exceeding planet boundaries
surpass the externalities
associated with GHG emissions.
Figure 2: Hidden costs of global food and land use systems34
USD Trillions, 2018 prices
The importance of nitrogen for the future of sustainable crops
To produce proteins, plants need nitrogen. Nitrogen availability is a main limiting factor for crop growth,
which is why fertilizers are key to increasing crop yield. Some plants (like most legumes) can also obtain
nitrogen from the air through a process called nitrogen fixation, where microbes near the roots are able to
convert nitrogen gas to a form usable to make proteins.35 There are a wide range of ways to make nitrogen
available to crops, including: organic or synthetic fertilizers, plant engineering, and rotation with nitrogen-
fixing plants. Diverse socioeconomic and environmental externalities can determine the methods used.
Thus, to make plant proteins widely available and accessible, and to ensure environmental protection,
careful consideration of nitrogen cycling and improving nitrogen efficiency is essential.36
8 Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation
2 State of the world and outlook
for plant protein production
and consumption
Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 9
2 State of the world and outlook
for plant protein production
and consumption
To understand the current Globally, maize, rice, soy, and 10% growth between 2019
global state of plant wheat make up nearly two-thirds and 2025, reaching a nearly
protein production and of crops and human calorie USD $10 billion market size.39,40
consumption, it is important consumption.37,38 Producers In Europe, plant protein intake
to pay attention to the types have scaled up soy, wheat, is on the rise in many regions,
of plant protein foods and maize and rice production for especially in western and
products, as well as their technological efficiency and to northern regions. Particularly
regions of production and deliver processed foods with promising is the market for
consumption. relatively long shelf-lives, resulting plant-based products positioned
in generally high availability and as meat and dairy alternatives,
Plant products, such as legumes, accessibility, along with high with annual growth rates of 14%
cereals, roots, nuts and seeds, awareness and economic value and 11% respectively between
contain plant proteins, as do across various markets. Moving 2013 and 2017.41 There has
plant-based products made with beyond these primary global been a dramatic improvement
protein isolates or concentrates. crops, there is an opportunity in the quality, nutritional profile
Developed regions such as to diversify plant production to and appeal of these plant-based
Europe and North America tend widen the range of ingredients, products in the last five years
to consume more processed promoting nutrition, health and due to increased investment.42
plant-based products made the environment. Other relevant This growth in the plant-based
from soy, wheat and corn, while sources of plant proteins product market represents new
less industrialized areas often include nuts, pulses, roots, business opportunities for food
consume a more diverse protein seeds and cereals. To scale up companies as well as for farmers,
mix, with a higher consumption a more diverse array of plant agri-food industry players, food
of plant products. proteins globally – especially service providers and retailers.
in developed regions – there
To achieve more sustainable Still, plant protein growth
is a need to promote demand,
food systems, there is a need projections show that they will
availability and accessibility
to scale-up healthy plant-based not be sufficient to meet the
within the market. Today many
products as alternatives to demands of a growing global
of these plant proteins still have
products sourced from animals population and socioeconomic
relatively limited global production
in more developed regions. development, which will
and consumption, as well as
At the same time, it is important place greater pressure on the
a lack of markets, distribution
to ensure that developing environment, human health and
networks and, in some cases,
regions maintain or achieve a society. Therefore, it is necessary
manufacturing facilities able to
healthy and sustainable balance to promote a sustainable
process them for large-scale
of nutritious plant-based and balance in the production and
consumption.
animal-based foods. consumption of a wide variety
There are signs of growth of the of plant proteins.
plant protein market in many
developed countries. Market
research predicts that plant
protein sales, as alternatives to
animal proteins, in the United
States and Europe will achieve
10 Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation3 Hurdles and levers to scaling
up plant proteins globally
Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 113 Hurdles and levers to scaling up
plant proteins globally
Adjusting protein intake and 1. Supporting a healthy and These correspond to five of the
balancing its consumption sustainable transition to plant seven pathways identified in
present tremendous social, protein production our CEO Guide to Food System
environmental and business Transformation:43
opportunities. Nevertheless, 2. Increasing global demand
there are a range of hurdles to for diverse plant proteins; • Transform agriculture while
overcome in order to achieve restoring the environment;
success, ranging from social 3. Reorienting policies and
and regulatory to technological • Equitable value distribution;
regulations;
and financial. They impact the
availability and accessibility of • Shift diets to be healthy
4. Reflecting the true value and sustainable;
diverse plant proteins globally.
of food with a long-term
Over the past months, we perspective. • Accelerate policy and
have been working alongside financial innovations;
our members and others • Launch new business
stakeholders, to identify four main models and value chain
hurdles related to plant protein collaborations.
development where joint action
could unlock the food system:43
Figure 3: Seven pathways to Food System Transformation44
PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION
Direct pathways
1 Transform agriculture while restoring the environment 3 Shift diets to be healthy and sustainable
2 Enhance equitable distribution of value
4 Minimize food loss and waste
Enabling pathways
5 Build end-to-end transparency
6 Accelerate policy and financial innovations
7 Launch new business models and value chain collaborations
12 Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation1. SUPPORTING The lever: Technology, 2. INCREASING
A HEALTHY AND innovation and training can
help support a food system
GLOBAL DEMAND
SUSTAINABLE that provides an optimized, FOR DIVERSE PLANT
TRANSITION TO healthy and sustainable protein PROTEINS
PLANT PROTEIN mix. Precision agriculture,
censors, plant protein isolates, Shift diets to be healthy
PRODUCTION processing technologies and and sustainable
product fortification are all
Transform agriculture while examples of technologies that The hurdle: While in developed
restoring the environment, can help promote plant protein countries awareness of the
equitable value distribution production and consumption benefits of plant proteins is
and new business models at scale – if properly introduced growing, the overall demand and
to farmers and food value chain appeal of diverse plant proteins in
The hurdle: There is a need to foods, ingredients and products
produce a wide variety of plant employees. Innovative business
models, focusing for example remain limited compared to
protein crops, ingredients and those made with animal proteins
products that are sustainable on regenerative crop rotations
that favor agrobiodiversity, can – particularly meat, eggs and
and nutritious, as well as available dairy. Notwithstanding the critical
and enjoyable to eat. Although help promote low-tech solutions
to scaling up plant protein cultural role that animal-based
businesses, manufacturers and foods play in many countries,
retailers are investing in research production and consumption.
But farmers require access to the still too slow shift to more
and innovation in alternative plant-based food consumption
protein product development, information and training, as well
as to microloans and credits, is partially attributable to the fact
from novel recipes and marketing that today’s food environment
to advances in food processing to be able to adapt farming
practices to achieve sustainable and regulations currently do not
and biotechnology, much work favor plant protein options; for
is still necessary throughout the plant protein production.46
Finally, better supply chain example, isolated retail placement
plant protein value chain. Training, and labeling restrictions often
pilot projects and resources are organization can contribute to
improving competitiveness and lead mainstream consumers to
emerging45 but many growers and believe plant protein foods and
manufacturers still have limited the development of plant-based
food innovations that overcome products are “niche foods” only
knowledge and experience for particular consumer groups.
in developing and producing texture and taste hurdles.
a variety of sustainable plant Internally aligned strategies to The lever: To increase
protein crops and products. build up capabilities, awareness demand for plant protein foods,
Production cost variability and and education throughout ingredients and products,
access to investments are also the whole value chain, from stakeholders should encourage
major barriers to consider when farmers to retailers, are crucial the development of and transition
dealing with growers. Moreover, to achieving this. Shifting to a food environment that
there is a lack of processing businesses’ training priorities, as promotes plant proteins. This
knowledge and capacity among well as pre-competitive action to must encompass social, physical
technological, nutrition and meet the skills gap, will be key.47 and socioeconomic factors
marketing teams for a wider that influence the availability
variety of plant protein foods and accessibility of foods, as
and products. well as people’s perceptions
of which foods are acceptable
and appealing. There is a need
for regulators to develop clear,
accessible guidelines, such
Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 13as revised dietary guidelines considering labelling regulations The lever: There is a need to
on the benefits of eating more (e.g., fortification of organic plant- invest in the future of food and to
plant proteins. Furthermore protein product). harness both ancient and cutting-
governments, retailers and edge knowledge to improve
foodservice companies The lever: It is necessary to the sustainability of agricultural
have an important role to refocus policies to support production. Thus, it is necessary
play in order to drive a shift in the transition to healthy and to consider the true value and
perception and behavior. Finally, sustainable plant proteins that are true cost of food with respect
food companies should be sensitive to regional economies to both positive and negative
driving social change through (e.g., impact on livelihoods), externalities of the food system.51
product innovation, marketing health needs and environmental Investment may partly come from
campaigns, appearance and taste considerations (e.g., water improving willingness to pay for
improvements, labelling and sales scarcity and greenhouse gas foods produced more sustainably
placement.48 For example, studies emissions). Governments can in countries where consumers
show consumers are more likely revisit and realign policies are willing and able to do so.
to buy a “vegetarian meal” if it is specifically related to fortification, Nevertheless, in order to reach
not labelled as “vegetarian” and food labelling, taxes and the necessary global scaling
is positioned as another tasty subsidies, with a shift to diets rich up of plant proteins, it is crucial
option – in a restaurant or retail in a diverse array of plant proteins. that the financial sector directs
shop.49 Policies can also help change investments to supply chains,
the direction of investments in technologies, foods and products
education, business and social
3. REORIENTING programs to promote plant
made with plant proteins while
concurrently realizing the benefits
POLICIES AND proteins. Finally, governments of reduced risk and more stable
REGULATIONS should redirect funding and
subsidies to the production and
long-term returns. Wherever the
investments come from, when
Accelerate policy and distribution of more sustainable transitioning to new production
financial innovations and healthy plant protein foods systems, supporting farmers
and products, enabling them to is crititcal. Farmers should not
The hurdle: Regulatory and compete more fairly with animal- risk losing their livelihoods
economic policies do not always based products on the market. if they change practices or
support healthy and sustainable
shift away from commodity
proteins. Some organizations
have introduced sustainable 4. REFLECTING THE crops – otherwise this replaces
protein public procurement TRUE VALUE OF one problem (environmental
degradation) with another
policies, but progress is still FOOD WITH A LONG- (unemployment or poverty).
slow overall and clear guidance
is not yet available. Subsidies TERM PERSPECTIVE This is especially true when
transitioning to regenerative
and investments to expand Accelerate policy and practices that may reduce short-
sustainable protein innovation financial innovations; launch term yields but improve yields
still do not sufficiently support new business models and over the long term.52
mechanisms to encourage all value chain collaborations
farmers to deliver a diversity of
nutritious food and environmental The hurdle: Today’s economic
benefits.50 Moreover, plant-based system focuses on short-
product definitions and labelling term returns on investment
regulations are inconsistent and commodity markets.
across markets and often hinder Processing crops for use in
the visibility and placement of plant protein-based products
these products, such as meat or requires significant capital
dairy alternatives. The need to investments and focus from both
fortify many plant protein-based manufacturers and governments.
products can also put these
products at a disadvantage when
14 Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation4 Mapping of existing initiatives
Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 154 Mapping of existing initiatives
INITIATIVES
Considerations
Title Author Partners
Social/health
RESEARCH INSTITUTES
Breaking habits for Wageningen University Unilever; Wageningen Research to support the change of existing food
the better: Behavioral University Research, Noldus habits or generate new food habits (e.g. from a
change towards more Information Technology, meat to a plant-based diet)
sustainable foods Kikkoman Europe
Sharp Wageningen University Unilever, DSM, Friesland Development of a data platform to build models
Campina for dietary shifts and collect case study on the
role and impact of plant and dairy based meat
replacers
Plant Meat Matters Wageningen University Meyn, Avril, Givaudan, saturn Develop new technologies for the production of
petcare, Nutrition&Nature, plant-based products with a texture and taste
DVS, Unilever, Ingredion that would reach the next generation consumer
expectations
Alternative Meat Lab The Sutardja Center Research on “better” plant-based meat
for Entrepreneurship & alternative products, providing consumers
Technology (Berkeley similar taste and texture and high nutritional
University) products
Menus of Change The Culinary Institute Bring attention to protein, both animal- and
of America (CIA) and plant-based and make plant-forward dining a
Harvard T.H. Chan mainstream concept in the culinary profession
School of Public Health and foodservice industry
Better Buying Lab World Research Institute Google, Panera, Standford Develop strategies and a communication
(WRI) University, Trinit, Quorn, Hilton, narrative to enable consumers to purchasing
Sodexo, Sainsbury’s, Wrap, more plant-based foods
Unilever, Pulse Canada, USA
Dry Pea & Lentil Council
The Cool Food Pledge World Research Institute UNEP, Carbon Neutral Cities Support signatories to provide plant-based
(WRI) Alliance, Health Care Without foods
Harm, Practice Greenhealth,
Climate Focus
Meat: the Future World Economic Forum Accelerate the agenda for alternative proteins
dialogues (WEF) with healthier and sustainable solutions such
ase plant-based proteins a mainstream food
Future Food Initative Bühler, Givaudan, Nestlé, ETH Zürich, EPFL Lausanne, Expand research and education in the area
- A Swiss Research coordinated by the Worls Food System Center of food and nutrition sciences; the fellowship
Initiative programme within the initiative aims at bringing
together competences from academic and
industrial research in this field.
16 Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformationA wide range of research projects and public-private partnerships on developing
plant protein solutions and driving demand for plant-based diets, menus and products
among consumers are already available. We have benchmarked the following ones in
order to identify gaps and areas where further collaboration could drive a food system
transformation.
Focus
Link
Environmental Economical Global EU National
Develop new and reformulated https://www.noldus.com/projects/
(sustainably sourced and breaking-habits-better
X
produced) food products
https://www.wur.nl/en/project/
Scientific-knowledge-base-and-
X
data-platform-for-modelling-
SHARP-Diets-.htm
Develop new techologies for Develop new techologies for https://www.wur.nl/en/Research-
the development of plant- the production of more cost- Results/kennisonline/AF16011-
based analogues with a lower effectively plant-based proteins X Plant-Meat-Matters.htm
environmental impact than
animal-based products
Provide the food industry new https://www.foodnavigator.com/
meat alternatives, including plants, Article/2017/08/22/Berkeley-
insects, in-vitro meat X researchers-seek-actionable-
solutions-at-alternative-protein-
lab
Support foodservice industries and http://www.menusofchange.org/
the culinary professions to develop
long-term strategies on plant-based
proteins, integrating optimal nutrition X
and public health, environmental
stewardship and restoration, and
social responsibility concerns
Develop science-based Develop strategies to support https://www.wri.org/our-work/
metrics, targets and methods companies, restaurants, food project/better-buying-lab/
to help the food industry retailers, bars to communicate
measuring and monitoring the about plant-based proteins; X
environmental impact of the develop new techologies to
foods they source and sell to formulate completely plant-based
consumers dishes
Support signatures to make Develop a platform to help https://www.wri.org/our-work/
responsible choices and to facilities to track the environmental project/cool-food-pledge
reduce their environmental impact of the food they serve X
impact through the integration
of more plant-based foods
Highlight the environmental Encourage multistakeholders to http://www3.weforum.org/docs/
costs of animal-based collaborate, combining the public White_Paper_Meat_the_Future_
proteins vs. plant-based and private sector to co-create Time_Protein_Portfolio_Meet_
proteins in order to provide new alternative proteins and to X Tomorrow_Demand_report_2018.
sustainable and healthy set regulations on the definition of pdf; http://www3.weforum.org/docs/
proteins to a growing alternative proteins
WEF_White_Paper_Alternative_
poulation
Proteins.pdf
The overarching goal is to develop solutions that address grand https://www.futurefoodtalents.org
challenges, including sustainable packaging (for example the
elimination of plastics) and affordable nutrition (for example Switzerland
combatting deficiencies and starvation globally).
Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 17INITIATIVES
Considerations
Title Author Partners
Social/health
ALLIANCES
Green Protein Alliance Alliance between 25 retailers, the catering industry, food Restore a sustainable and healthy balance in
producers and 10 knowledge partners in the Netherlands, protein consumption focusing on the education
supported by the Dutch Government and engagement of consumers in order to
increase plant proteins’ demand
The Protein Challenge Forum for the Future GAIN, Ahold Delhaize, Develop with chefs affordable plant-based
2040 Danone, Unilever, ingredients in menus, culinary training about
Baxterstorey, Calysta, plant-based and rebalanced meal, good in taste
Firmenich, Hershey’s, WWF, and texture. Support stakeholders to highlight the
M&S, Evonik, Environment importance of plant proteins for health, nutrition
Agency, Impossible, Nestlé, and environmental sustainability: create positive
University of West London, messages, share stories and use the power of
Volac, Waitrose, Tulip, Unilever food brands to empower consumers to make
positive choices
The Chef’s Manifesto The SDG2 Advocacy Engage in education, public relations, and media
Hub outreach to increase visibility for plant-based
foods and boost consumer acceptance
The Protein Cluster Global platform for ingredient suppliers, food
manufacturers and other stakeholders
EIT Food Euopean initiatives collecting partners around Euope from Reduce plant-proteins “antinutritional factors”
the industry community, academia, retailers (ANFs), develop a novel technology platform to
improve the texture and taste of plant-based
foods based on extrusion technologies
Future 50 Foods Initiative led WWF and Knorr with the support of Bioversity Scale-up more vegetables, more plant-based
International, Crops For the Future, EAT Foundation, sources of protein, more variety in grains, cereals
Edelman, Food and Land Use Coalition (FOLU), Food and nutrient rich sources of carbohydrates;
Reform for Sustainability and Health (FReSH), GAIN, Global design of plant-based recipes for schools and
Crop Diversity Trust, Gro Intelligence, Oxfam GB, SDG2 canteens (e.g. Sodexo)
Advocacy Hub, Wageningen University and Yolélé Foods
INSTITUTIONS
QualiFabaBean The German Federal Reduce the anti-nutritive substances and
Ministry of Food and produce meal and concentrates based on field
Agriculture beans
The Eucleg Multidisciplinary European Union (Horizon
Research Unit for 2020)
Grasslands and Forage
Crops (URP3F)
Good Food Institute Team of scientists, entrepreneurs, lawyers, and lobbyists Mobilize millions of supportive consumers to
encourage plant-based foods’ sale in stores,
restaurants, and foodservice outlets
UN (WHO,FAO, WFP, The UN leads researches on the healthy and
UNGC) sustainable intake of proteins, with also a focus
on plant-proteins (e.g. Global Agreement on
Sustainable Diets)
OTHER
European Plant Based The Village by CA North Partners
Protein Award of France and by CA
Champagne-Bourgogne
18 Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformationFocus
Link
Environmental Economical Global EU National
Scale up sustainable protein Engage businesses to make the The http://greenproteinalliance.nl/
alternatives such as plant transition happen Netherlands homepage-2018-engels/
proteins
Lead industries to take action on https://www.forumforthefuture.
key areas to scale up a sustainable org/protein-challenge; https://
and healthy production and www.forumforthefuture.
consumption of protein org/Handlers/Download.
X ashx?IDMF=026a4509-ecf6-
400a-b176-7e33ad649813
Promote and support the plant-based http://www.sdg2advocacyhub.
foods industry to a fair and competitive org/chefmanifesto
X
marketplace for alternatives to animal
ingredients and products
Enable stakeholders to expand https://www.theproteincluster.
their business and meet changing com/
consumer demands towards
healthier and more sustainable
plant-based products
Develop projects and technologies https://www.eitfood.eu/eit-food-
to provide economically viable projects/
and environmentally sustainable
products from fava bean as well as
to increase the texture and taste of
plant-based foods
Create products that will be sold https://www.knorr.com/uk/
through retail and food service future50report.html
channels with programmes to scale-up
X
plant-based foods through inspiration,
education and increased access
Scale up sustainable protein Provide food industry with high http://greenproteinalliance.nl/
alternatives such as plant quality and nutrient faba beans Germany homepage-2018-engels/
proteins
http://www.nouvelle-aquitaine-
X China poitiers.inra.fr/en/All-the-news/
Eucleg
Promote sustainable plant- Educate grant-making institutions,
based foods with a lower corporations, and governmental
environmental impact bodies about plant-based foods’ R&D X
and support companies producing
clean and plant-based products
X
meet tomorrow’s challenges in the http://plantbased-protein-awards.
field of plant-based proteins and ca-norddefrance.fr/#awards
closely support start-ups offering France
innovative solutions in the field of
plant-based products
Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 19INITIATIVES
Considerations
Title Author Partners
Social/health
ASSOCIATIONS, FOUNDATIONS AND NGOs
Alternative Protein
Fund
PBFA (Plant Based 147 company members Take a public health approach to getting and
Foods Association) educating people to eat more plant-based
foods while ensuring that great-tasting plant-
based foods are widely available, convenient,
and affordable
EUVEPRO (European ADM Specialty Ingredients
Vegetable Protein (Europe) B.V, Beneo GmbH,
Association) Cosucra Groupe Warcoing
SA, Dupont, Ingredion
Germany GmbH, Roquette
ENSA (European Association of plantbased Contribute to mainstreaming plant-based foods
Plant-Based Foods foods manufacturers (Alpro, for healthier and more sustainable diets
Association) Sojasun, Liquats vegetals,
Nutrition et Santé, Valsoia,
Amidori, Gold&Green, Quorn)
Less is More Greenpeace Member cities Education program for cities and universities
around the world to promote plant-rich meals
and meat reduction
Protein Highway Industry, academia and
government
Starch Europe Trade association of 27 EU
starch producing companies
GEPV (Groupe Association of 10 members Inform the general publicon the development of
d’Etudes et with a plant protein plant proteins
de Promotion production, distribution or
de Protéines marketing activity in France
Végétales)
Protéines France Consortium of French Support communication and information related
enterprises, cooperatives, to market introduction of innovative products
distribution, innovation and
research centers active in the
plant-based and alternative
proteins sector
Sojaxa Association of soyfoods Support the production and promotion of of healthy
manufacturers in France and sustainable soy based products
Pulse Canada National association of
growers, traders and
processors of Canadian
pulses
20 Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformationFocus
Link
Environmental Economical Global EU National
Invest leading start-ups working to create https://agfunder.com/invest/
X
plant-based meat alternatives protein-fund/
Outreach to retailers to expand shelf https://plantbasedfoods.org
space for plant-based foods, as well as
help food service directors offer more
plant-based options. Change the debate
X
on important public policy issues such
as the dietary guidelines in order to
elaborate practices that support plant-
based products’ scale up
Support manufacturers and distributors https://euvepro.eu
of vegetable proteins for human
consumption in the European Union,
X
increasing recognition in European,
national and international legislation, of
vegetable protein products
Raise awareness about plant-based http://www.ensa-eu.org
products amongst policymakers and
advocate for fair treatment for the X
emerging plant-based sector
Engage cities, local governments, or https://lessismore.greenpeace.
public institutions (like universities, org/cities/
X
schools or hospitals) to include at least
one vegetarian meal per week
Promote partnership in research, business https://proteinhighway.wixsite.
Canada
development and innovation for the com/protein-hwy/about-us
and
development of the alternative protein
USA
sector
Promote and protect the reputation of https://starch.eu
starch products and the interests of EU
starch producers to EU and international
institutions and stakeholders, in order to X
assure a reliable and sustainable supply
of safe starch based ingredients in a fair
competitive environment
Promote the development of plant http://www.gepv.asso.fr/
proteins by participating actively in a Default9e79.html?lid=7
better knowledge of these products;
provide professionals of the food- France
processing industry of the informative,
technical and educational tools
Federate, promote and represent the http://www.proteinesfrance.fr
French plant-based and alternative
proteins value chain; ease the
development and public support of France
innovation projects; facilitate investment
in industrial plants; encourage the
creation and development of start-up
https://www.sojaxa.com
Contribute to the profitability of the http://www.pulsecanada.com
Canadian pulse industry through
programs designed to deliver innovative Canada
solutions that improve efficiencies and
increase value of plant proteins
Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 21INITIATIVES
Considerations
Title Author Partners
Social/health
Protein Industry
Canada
Global Plant-Based Cooperation between the Raise the bar on sustainability, nutrition, taste,
Food Eco-System industry community and value chain, more eco-friendly production
public partners methods and regulation
BMGF (Bill & Melinda Deliver nutritious, appealing, affordable, and
Gates Foundation) accessible proteins ingredients to consumers
underserved by markets, with a focus on
affordable plant based protein
Terres Univia Organisation representing
French oilseed and oil
fruit sector (oil seed rape,
sunflower, soya, linseed, olive)
and French legume seed
sector (field pea, faba bean,
lupin, lentil, chickpea, alfalfa)
interests
Barilla Foundation Fosters change towards healthier and more
sustainable diet, by promoting a higher
consumption of plant-based food
Eat Plants.
For a Change
The Alpro Foundation Platform for academics, health care professionals and key Support research and innovation on plant-
stakeholders based nutrition and its nutritional and
environmental values
The Soy Nutrition Collaborative organization of the United Soybean Board Provide evidence-based information on the
institute and soy industry leaders, including global corporations and impact of soybeans and soy components on
national associations human health through a variety of education
and outreach efforts
22 Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformationFocus
Link
Environmental Economical Global EU National
Work with private sector Challenge Canadian businesses to
industry partners to create co- collaborate with other businesses,
investment projects that have and post-secondary and research
the potential to transform institutions to create new projects
the agriculture and food on high-quality plant-proteins
production sector
Focus on R&D, innovation,
production, quality with food
brands, food ingredient brands, X
technology brands, and research
background
https://www.gatesfoundation.org/
X what-we-do/global-development/
nutrition
Facilitate interactions between France http://www.terresunivia.fr/terres-
producers and processors to univia-en
promote the development and
the use of oilseeds and associate
products and undertake activities
of collective interest action
Provide recommendations to public https://www.barillacfn.com/en/
decision makers and maintains magazine/food-and-sustainability/
an ongoing dialogue with its do-healthy-diets-protect-the-
X
stakeholders by providing food planet/
related multidisciplinary studies and
highlighting best practices
https://www.ciwf.com/your-food/
plant-based-alternatives/
X
https://www.alprofoundation.org
X
Identify and determine soy and https://thesoynutritioninstitute.com/
health research priorities and about/
facilitate the development and USA
funding of targeted research
projects
The table lists a wide range of the taste and texture of plant and supporting farmers overall
initiatives led by associations, protein products and consumer in the production of crops as a
alliances and institutions focused appreciation of these products. source of proteins.
on the development of plant Yet, there are only a limited number
proteins in foods and products as of initiatives addressing the This benchmark analysis is an
well as on increasing consumer following critical solution areas: important contribution to the
awareness and demand for a promoting a supportive regulatory identification of the most urgent
variety of protein sources. In environment; stimulating the and impactful business solutions
addition, a number of activities production of diverse plant crops that FReSH can support to
focus on ways to improve through sustainable agriculture; accelerate the scaling up of plant
proteins.
Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 235 Solution spaces
In order to overcome the main hurdles related to plant protein scaling up and to fill in the gaps among
existing initiatives, FReSH supports company transformation efforts to across the following
four solution spaces:
1 2 3 4
CULTIVATE:
ENABLE: PULL: INSPIRE:
Build a thriving,
Engage investors, Create the Develop and sustainable
businesses and market promote a supply of plant
policy-makers to conditions to global narrative proteins from
support dietary increase plant to positively the ground up
shifts protein demand position plant using sustainable
proteins agriculture
ENABLE: Engage investors, of a global plant protein a whole set of changes in the
businesses and policy- production and consumption food environment – or the context
makers to support dietary shift, in particular by: in which we produce, provision
shifts and consume food.
• Developing a set of
supportive policy asks to Food value chain companies,
Business should not and cannot
advocate for in key events; within FReSH and individually,
act alone to promote more
should create the market
sustainable and diverse plant • Communicating to other conditions enabling plant
proteins. It is essential to reform businesses, suppliers or protein consumption, in
today’s policies to support customers of individual particular by:
more diverse and sustainable companies about the need
agricultural systems while to scale up plant proteins; • Investing in innovative
promoting marketing of the and plant-based protein
next generation of nutritious products with positive
and sustainable plant-based • Engaging investors through nutritional and sustainability
foods and products. In addition, various individual and profiles – creating product
investors will be instrumental in multistakeholder channels. appeal and options;
driving this shift to plant proteins,
both through direct financial • Sharing knowledge and
support of emerging plant-based PULL: Create the market case studies on consumer
products as well as by prioritizing conditions to increase plant behavior change in relation
more sustainable food system protein demand to plant proteins, including
investments. For example, the communication and
introduction of carbon and Creating the conditions for marketing tools; and
water pricing could help identify success goes beyond building
investment opportunities that • Implementing changes
awareness of the benefits of
support a shift to plant proteins. throughout supply chains,
plant proteins. It is necessary
from fork to farm – i.e., from
to understand the drivers of
Food value chain companies, retail and restaurants to
consumer behavior and demand
within FReSH and individually, farm, to facilitate consumer
with respect to plant proteins
should engage policy-makers, access to plant-based
in different markets. Nudging
businesses and investors to foods.
consumers towards healthy and
support the development sustainable food requires
24 Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformationINSPIRE: Develop and CULTIVATE: Build a thriving, Food value chain companies,
promote a global narrative sustainable supply of plant within FReSH and individually,
to positively position plant proteins from the ground should support farmers in
proteins up using sustainable scaling up the sustainable
agriculture production of diverse plant-
To promote plant protein based proteins, in particular by:
production, transformation and To transform the food system
• Sharing best evidence of
consumption, it is necessary to and shift to more sustainable
sustainable plant protein
positively position them using a and healthy outcomes, there
production practices and
renewed collective narrative, both must be on-the-ground efforts
impacts across members
within and beyond industry. An to transition and support farmers
and relevant business units;
internal business communication with a more equitable system that
plan can help ensure managers creates longer term solutions. • Coordinating messages
and executives within relevant A key lever of success for any to existing influential
industries are aware of the need to sustainable dietary shift is to groups (business, policy-
promote diverse diets high in plant move away from agricultural makers, extension services
proteins. Among growers, food systems that degrade land and structures) to orient
producers and food manufacturers, ecosystems, overconsume research and extend and
this global narrative will be resources, and offer a limited advance efforts to promote
instrumental in raising awareness number of crops for global plant-based proteins;
of the benefits of plant proteins consumption. Promoting the
and will drive a sense of urgency to growth of diverse plant crops • Adapting business
produce and promote plant protein through sustainable agriculture strategies and decision-
foods, ingredients and products. can be a way to readdress and making to prioritize the
Finally, to raise awareness among adapt to consumer needs and to production or sourcing of
the population, the narrative help create a more resilient food sustainable plant-based
should position plant proteins as system that is less dependent on proteins.
an appealing and attractive option, fossil resources and enhances
part of a healthy, fun and social the equitable distribution of
lifestyle. The role of policies is value across the value chain.
fundamental here to support public More specifically, regenerative
education campaigns and the agriculture can be a way to build,
integration of such a healthy and from the ground up, a revived
sustainable diet into the national food system able to provide a
school curricula. diverse array of plant proteins.
For example, legumes can play a
Food value chain companies, key role thanks to their capacity
within FReSH and individually, to naturally fix nitrogen from the
should develop a strong narrative air, increasing soil fertility and
on the positive role played reducing fertilizer use.
by plant-based products and
amplify its outreach, in particular
by:
• Building synergies with
existing global initiatives53 on
various communication tools
and events;
• Integrating that narrative
into brand positioning and
communication/marketing
efforts.
Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 256 Conclusion
2019 has sounded the alarm for In order to achieve a successful To that aim, society at large must
the need to urgently transform food system transformation, we accept and implement the shift
the food system to sustainably must develop a comprehensive to the wide-scale production and
feed a growing population set of credible, high-impact consumption of plant proteins.
expected to reach over solutions across these pathways In particular, business must
10 billion by 2050. Consumers, in relation to proteins – with urgently take bold action along
stakeholders and even careful consideration of the the following four axes: creating
governments are increasingly different sociocultural and the market conditions to increase
expecting business to take economic environments. On plant protein demand; developing
action, yet none of the scientific one side, we must deliver more and promoting a global plant
or economic reports produced nutritious foods from a healthy protein narrative; engaging
to date highlight why and where and sustainable mix of plant and policy-makers, businesses and
business should lead. animal sources to the 2 billion investors; and building a thriving,
people living in moderate or sustainable supply of plant
In WBCSD’s CEO Guide to severe food insecurity. proteins from the ground up using
Food System Transformation On the other side, in most sustainable agriculture.
launched in October 2019,54 developed countries, we need
seven pathways were identified to significantly reduce and partly More generally, societies need
for business action on food replace the production and to reinvent the food environment
system transformation, including: consumption of animal protein- and food-related businesses
agricultural transformation while based foods and products in ways that deliver accessible,
restoring the environment; – particularly red meat – with affordable and enjoyable, healthy
enhancing the equitable plants and plant protein-based and sustainable food to everyone,
distribution of value; dietary shifts alternatives. while contributing to thriving
to be healthy and sustainable; communities. We will provide
accelerating policy and financial concrete suggestions on how
innovations; and new business to achieve this in the FReSH
models and value chain Roadmap that we will publish at
collaborations. the end of 2020.
26 Plant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformationPlant proteins: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 27
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