Thanington Parish Council Neighbourhood Plan - Draft -Published 04/05/2021

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Thanington Parish Council Neighbourhood Plan - Draft -Published 04/05/2021
Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

  Thanington Parish Council
    Neighbourhood Plan
                                     Draft —Published 04/05/2021
Thanington Parish Council Neighbourhood Plan - Draft -Published 04/05/2021
Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

            Table of Content
            Table of Content                                                     Page 2
            Executive Summary                                                    Page 3-5
            Introduction                                                         Page 6
            Objectives                                                           Page 7
            Area covered by Neighbourhood Plan                                   Page 7

            How this Neighbourhood Plan works & maybe read                       Page 8
            Statement of Local Authority notification                            Page 8-10
            Objective A. Support Local Associations                              Page 11
            Objective B.. Conserve the Natural and Historical Enviroment         Page 12-18
            Objective C. Sustainable Transport                                   Page 19-28
            Objective D. Promoting Healthy Communities                           Page 18
            Objective E. Quality of Life                                         Page 19
            Objective F. Conserving and Enhancing the Natural Environment        Page 33-41
            Ancient Woodland and SSSI                                            Page 42
            The Consultation Statement                                           Page 43-44
            Questionnaire Results                                                Page 45
            Public Comments                                                      Page 45-46
            Questionnaire Graphs                                                 page 47-48
            Conformity Test                                                      Page 49
            Canterbury District Local Plan
                  Strategy—Housing—Employment                                    Page 50
                  Town Centre & Leisure—Transport Infrastructure                 Page 51
                  Tourism and Visitor Economy                                    Page 52
                  Climate Change, Flooding, Coastal Change and Water Resources   Page 52
                  Design and the Built Environment                               Page 53
                  Historic Environment - Landscape and Biodiversity              Page 53
                  Open Spaces                                                    Page 54
                  Quality of Life    - Appendices                                Page 56
                  Thanington LDP cross refs with CDLP Policies                   Page 57
                  Neighbourhood Plan Committee Members                           Page 58

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          EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (draft 3-5-21)
          This Executive Summary of the Neighbourhood Plan, is a summary of the vision for improving and
          sustaining Thanington, for current residents, future residents and visitors, both now and in the
          future. The Neighbourhood Plan has been coordinated and written in conjunction with residents
          of Thanington, and other bodies, by Thanington Parish Council. (TPC)
          It takes the four key objective areas in the Neighbourhood Plan. it describes the current situation
          for these, and also lays out a vison for the future in these key objectives. Taking into account the
          recent and proposed development planned in Thanington. It lays out aspects that should be con-
          sidered in these objectives for any future as yet unplanned developments by the Local Authority,
          Canterbury City Council (CCC), and the District Authority, Kent County Council (KCC)
          The sections below summarises the points made in the Neighbourhood Plan for Thanington, par-
          ticularly the key four objectives. It covers each objective in turn.

          SUMMARY POINTS BY OBJECTIVE:
          1/ TO PROMOTE A HEALTHY COMMUNITY

                                           TO BE COMPLETED

          2/ TO CONSERVE THE NATURAL AND HISTORICAL ENVIROMENT
          Key points:
          Landscape & Biodiversity:
              Maintain the level of green space available including allotments
              Maintain and protect open spaces
              Only developments that can show true environmental sustainability should be progressed
                 with
              Support and maintain the Green Gap policy
              Maintain and support land used for agricultural use
              Support independent surveys on the impact of development on the natural environment
              Protect Historical sites and assess the true impact of any proposed development on them.

          Visual Impact:
              Genuine consideration and assessment should be given to the visual impact of any develop-
                 ment including on historical sites

          Light & Noise Pollution:
              Light pollution on the overall area must be considered in any development proposals
              The impact of noise pollution caused by and proposed development must be given genuine
                  consideration

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            Climate Change:
                The flood risk area along the lower Stour must not be increased by any development and
                    must be genuinely assessed by associated agencies.
                Air pollution particularly along the A28 must not be increased by any proposed developments
                    and genuinely assessed if necessary by independent assessment.
                Acton should be taken to decrease the level of air pollution when considering air pollution
                    from any development
                Any development should be designed to be carbon neutral.
                The impact on utility services, like sewage and drainage, also assessed and genuinely mitigat-
                    ed for in the planning assessment

            3/ TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT INFRASTUCTURE
            Key points:
            Modal Shift Transport systems:
                The local bus services, including the Park & Ride at Wincheap, need to give consideration re-
                   garding the service provided to the rural areas of the Community. Such that they can be
                   easily accessed in an efficient way that provides a reliable service encouraging proactive
                   use.
                New developments must give serious provision for these services that support this general
                   strategy
                Cycle ways and walkways must be maintained, preserved, and expanded to encourage their
                   effective use. New developments should not have a negative impact on their use, but
                   have genuine design inclusions for this in their planning.
                Measures such as secure cycle storage and parking should be considered and included in any
                   development proposals and also in the existing network. Thereby encouraging short dis-
                   tance cycling.

            Parking & Traffic:
                Any new development must have genuine assessment made on its impact on traffic. Prefera-
                    bly with an independent assessment made of that overall impact both local and outside
                    the development area . Not just a parochial approach on the individual development.
                New development should include all measures to reduce the increase and impact on traffic.
                    This must include infrastructure improvements.
                The local community views and knowledge must be considered regarding traffic impact when
                    considering development applications.
                The impact of parking, and the provision of sufficient parking spaces on any development
                    must be given sufficient consideration particularly any impact on local existing area park-
                    ing. There is evidence of lack of parking provision in modern developments.
                When considering car parking, measures such as vehicle charging points, should be included
                    in both existing development areas and also new developments.
                The consideration of YELLOW LINE designated areas on the road network should be consid-
                    ered and if necessary used, to ensure safe and effect use of the road network
                Traffic mitigation measures regarding any proposed development must be provided at a time
                    that deals with the issues upfront and in a way that guarantees their delivery.

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          4/TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THAT DELIVERS FOR THE COMMINI-
          TY THE PROMISED BENEFITS OF THAT DEVELOPMENT

                                     TO BE COMPLETED

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            1 INTRODUCTION (24/4/21)
            1.1 This Neighbourhood Plan sets out the vision for Thanington Parish until 2035. It enables us to
            set out policies to help achieve that vision under the provision of the localism Act 2011, and in
            accordance with the Canterbury District Local Plan 2017-2031 and the National Planning Policy
            Framework 2019.

            The Vision for the Parish of Thanington and its objectives are to:

                        THANINGTON NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN MISSION STATEMENT :
                            Maintain Thanington as a unique identifiable entity, so
                     supporting the wishes of all aspects, and areas of the community .
                        Thereby ensuring a healthy and thriving community in which
                                Its occupants can thrive and prosper in their lives

            1.    Promote a healthy community
            2.    Conserve and enhance the natural environment
            3.    Conserve and enhance the Historic environment
            4.    Help and promote Thanington community Associations & charities
            5.    Engage with the District LOCAL AUTORITIES. Canterbury City Coun-
                  cil (CCC) , Kent County Council (KCC) & Kent Highways (KH) on
                  traffic issues in all parts of the community.
            6.    Ensure agreed developments deliver the promised resources and
                  other mitigation factors in 106 agreements
            7.    Work to keep transport links at a good frequency. These include
                  Bus services Taxi Services, and possible locally organised transport
                  services
            8.    Help maintain the living standards and health of the community by
                  controlling development. To ensure new development contributes
                  to the health and living standards of the community, and also
                  meets the highest standards required.

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          OBJECTIVES
          1.2 The Thanington Neighbourhood Plan (TNP) objective sections are listed below and the NP
          deals with each of those section as individual discrete sections.
          They are:
          a)    TO PROMOTE A HEALTHY COMMUNITY
          b)    TO CONSERVE THE NATURAL AND HISTORICAL ENVIROMENT
          c)    TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT INFRASTUCTURE
          d)    TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THAT DELIVERS FOR THE COMMINITY THE
                PROMISED BENEFITS OF THAT DEVELOPMENT
                                                                                        st
          1.3 Thanington Neighbourhood Plan (TNP) policies shall be in effect until 1        September 2035.
          1.4 To present the TNP to the Local Authority for Canterbury (CCC) for ratification in a timescale
          that allows CCC time to develop their LDP

          AREA COVERED BY THE THANINGTON NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN

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            How this Neighbourhood Plan works & maybe read:
            1.5 To work through this plan we have labelled the objectives into sections and numbered the
            policies. These will be the guiding principles for any future development within the parish during
            the time frame of the TNP.
            When reading each section:
            The OBJECTIVES are highlighted and numbered in blue.

                                                    Canterbury District Local Plan Policies:

                          Shaded in yellow are the relevant Canterbury LP Policies for each objective of the TNP plan

                  Proposals relevant to each objective and objective section are highlighted in green

                  Also listed with each proposal is the relevant Canterbury LP Policy reference

            There is an EXECUTIVE SUMMARY included within the TNP providing a summary of its key points.

            STATEMENT OF LOCAL AUTHORITY NOTIFICATION
            The application has been submitted by the Parish Council in accordance with the relevant
            legislation and guidance. The area designation covers the whole parish area (see para.2 above)
            and therefore non-designation by the City Council would be contrary to legislation and na-
            tional planning guidance.

            6.2 Given that under Regulation 5A applications for designation of a whole Parish as a
            Neighbourhood Area must be approved without any modification and no consultation is re-
            quired, it is recommended to Full Council that delegation be given to the Chief Executive to
            designate a neighbourhood area, if the proposal is made under Regulation 5A of the
            Neighbourhood Planning Regulations (2012) (as amended).

            7.        Implications

            (a) Financial - once this neighbourhood area has been designated, the local planning
            authority can then apply for a £5,000 grant from the government to support the Council’s
            work towards this Neighbourhood Plan.
            (b) Legal - Localism Act 2011; Neighbourhood Planning (General) Regulations 2012 (as
            amended) and Planning Practice Guidance, in particular Paragraph: 024 Reference ID: 41-024-
            20190509 Paragraph: 025 Reference ID: 41-025-20190509 Paragraph: 032 Reference ID: 41-
            032-20170728 Paragraph: 035 Reference ID: 41-035-20161116

            (c)       Equalities - none identified

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          (d)     Environmental including carbon emissions and biodiversity - none identified
           Other implications
                  (e) Staffing resource - Within current levels of staffing
                   (f)   Property portfolio - none identified
                   (g)   Planning including building regulations - as (b) above
                   (h)   Human rights issues - none identified
                   (i)   Crime and disorder - none identified
                   (j)   Safeguarding children - none identified
                   (k)   Heritage - none identified

          8.      Conclusions

                          Thanington Parish Council has submitted an application to designate the
                          whole parish as a Neighbourhood Area. This is the first step in the community pre-
                          paring a Neighbourhood Plan for Thanington. In accordance with legislation and
                          government guidance, it is recommended that the Neighbourhood Area be desig-
                          nated.

                          8.2 It is also recommended that delegated authority to designate a whole parish
                          area (a Regulation 5A application) be given to the Chief Executive. This is
                          because Regulation 5A applications must be approved without scope for any mod-
                          ification and do not require consultation.

          Decision Maker: Policy and Resources Committee
          Decision status: For Determination
          Is Key decision?: No

          Decisions:
          Report author: Karen Britton
          Publication date: 15/10/2020
          Date of decision: 05/10/2020
          Decided at meeting: 05/10/2020 - Policy and Resources Committee

          BACKGROUND
          1.6 Thanington is a civil parish proximity 2 miles from city centre by road, and a suburb outside
          the city walls.
          It covers a large area SSW of Canterbury of 4.8 sqkm (1.9sqmi), and has a population of 2662 resi-
          dents (2011 parish census), 1055 households, and still growing. It extends to the south–west of the A2
          from Wincheap out towards Chartham. Thanington North Ward follows the river Stour and A28, along which there is
          linear housing and a mixed housing estate to the south side of the A28. Thanington South Ward is made up of near
          linear settlements along New House Lane and Iffin Lane.

           Thanington amenities include St Nicholas Church on A28 and three community centres:
                The Thanington Neighbourhood Resource Centre (TNRC) adjacent to a large playing field,
                     parking and a playground.
                Hilltop Community Association (HCA) with a Community Hall in New House Lane.
                Ashford Road Community Association, (ARCA) with a community hall and parking
          There are a few small businesses operating within Thanington.

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            Thanington has many important historical and natural features including eight registered listed
            buildings, Larkey Valley Woods a biological site of special scientific interest and Hambrook Marsh-
            es. Its history is deep and varied and the environment varied and mixed.
            Thanington is an historic/ancient settlement significantly developed in the last 50years and is set to double the area
            developed in the next 10years.

            1.7 The intention of the Neighbourhood Plan is to influence the operation of the statutory local
            planning framework, to provide a context for any new development, based on the local environ-
            ment, local wishes and its continued sense of open space. The TNP is written with the input of
            local opinion and knowledge and its use is intended to help these inputs guide area planning de-
            cisions and details.

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          Objective A. Support Local Associations
          A1—Thanington Resource Centre

          A2 - Ashford Road Community Association

          A3—Hilltop Community Association (Canterbury)

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            OBJECTIVE B: CONSERVE THE NATURAL AND HISTORICAL ENVIROMENT:
            B1: Intention                       B2: Landscape and Biodiversity             B3: Visual Impact
            B4: Light and Noise pollution       B5: Allotments                              B6: Climate Change
            B7 Public Bridle and Right of way

            B1: Intention
            The intention of the Neighbour plan is to influence the operation of the statutory local planning frame work, to pro-
            vide a context for any new development, based on the local character, environment and its sense of open space.
            Objective of this section:
            Describe the distinctive character of the area
            Identify the environmental and historical feature of the area
            To work in partnership with the local planning authority in the context of the existing local plan and to influence fu-
                ture policies and developments.
            Thanington has a mixed variety of environmental make up throughout the Parish. Ranged between urban and rural
            designated areas.
            Thanington Parish history details can be found in the appendix. It has a number of Historical and Environmental sites
            within its boundaries. Larky Valley Woods is a designated SSSI. There are also a number of listed buildings and arche-
            ologically sites.

            1.     Barn at Tonford Manor
            2.     Chapel of St John the Baptist Mil-
                   ton
            3.     Church of St Nicholas
            4.     New House Farmhouse
            5.     Old Manor
            6.     Thanington Court Farmhouse
            7.     Tonford Manor
            8.     Barn at Milton Manor

            B2: Landscape and Biodiversity
           The current CDLP policies that cover this topic are:

           LB9: All developments to avoid a net loss of biodiversity and pursue opportunities to achieve a net gain
           LB8: Ecological Improvements to be incorporated into new developments to improve connectivity
           OS1: Proposals to protect and enhance sites designated as Local Green Space
           OS9: Protected open space to be safe guarded unless specific criteria met
           OS15: Permission is only be granted for the loss of allotments/community garden if criteria are met
           OS5: Stuppington Lane green gap
           OS11 Outdoor space provision
           OS6: Green Gaps

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           3.1: Thanington has many areas of natural and semi natural green space, and woodlands, Larky
           Valley Woods SSSI. Green corridors as with footpaths, cycleway, bridleways and riverside
           providing a crucial links to and from biodiversity sites. Thanington recreation field with its out-
           door sport facilities, a play park and skateboard areas. Allotments, and cemetery. There is a re-
           quirement from the community to maintain the level of green space available and this is partic-
           ularly important in the urban-rural areas of the parish. This prevents an erosion of the charac-
           teristic, due to unmitigated development
           3.2:open spaces provide a whole range of environmental and recreational benefits to the com-
           munity. It is important to maintain, protect and in some cases enhance. Where by environ-
           mental and recreational assets meets the needs of the communities and positively influence
           the physical mental and social well-being.
           3.3: The impact of any development on ecological factors should be thoroughly analysed prefer-
           ably independently. National agency opinions should be considered and also local opinion. On-
           ly those developments that can prove true sustainability in this area will be supported.
           3.4:Chapter 11.11 of CDLP recognize the importance of protecting our open space for its eco-
           logical amenity and educational benefits. TNP will not support any development which fright-
           ens the loss of green space which will have a detrimental effect on the environmental and
           health and social wellbeing.
           3.5: Consideration will be given to new development which make appropriate provision for
           open door space which must include the following: semi-natural areas, green corridors, strate-
           gic urban parks, children play parks and open space for recreation amenity, and allotments.

           3:6: Thanington recognise the importance of the green gap policy, and would aim to adopt such
           policy to maintaining the open space around the area. This is especially
           Critical for the North and South Ward (Larkey Valley woods area, New House Lane and Iffin
           Lane) where by any new development will erode the rural disposition effecting the character of
           the open countryside.
           3.7:  TNP will not support any new development which pose a risk of coalescence of existing
           settlements, i.e. Thanington South Ward towards Stuppington, and Thanington North Ward to-
           wards Chartham. This is especially importance to over developed urban areas. In which Than-
           ington has been granted two more large developments.
           3.8:TNP will support the green infrastructure a council open space strategy a network of green
           spaces. Thanington area includes field’s woodlands Hedgerows Rivers and lakes and urban are-
           as includes gardens street trees sports pitches civic spaces and wall, facing challenges such as
           climate change flood risk water management and food supply.
           3.9: Thanington consists of areas dedicated for the land subsequently used for agricultural and
           orchards. Open space adjoining existing settlements, Particle important for employment and
           the supply food chain. This landscape valuable in maintaining the

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             characteristic of Thanington, which divides the north and south ward. Further developments
             posing a risk of coalescence between settlements.
             This plan will seek to support the use of land establish for farming encouraging employment
             and contriving to the health and wellbeing of the residents. The TNP will not support such de-
             velopment which go against this strategic approach.
             3.10: TNP objectives is to protect wildlife and it’s Biodiversity. It is important to recognise the
             network of these dedicated sites but also outside. Grassland, shrub, hedgerows, green corri-
             dors and road side vegetation. TNP will seek to protect these distinctive character of the land-
             scape and will not support any new development which Poses risk or causes damage.
             3.11: Thanington neighbourhood plan acknowledgement Larkey Valley Woods (SSSI) as a na-
             tionally designated sites, (under section 28 of the wildlife and countryside act 1981). For it’s
             abundant of wildlife and its habitats. The impact of developments through mitigation measures
             should seek an avoidances though further appropriate survey by independent bodies by plan-
             ning system.
             3.12: Historical sites and the surrounding area must be protected when any development is
             considered. Genuine consideration and long term vision must be a priority given to the proxim-
             ity from any other future developments to these sites. This will be supported but opposed if it
             is felt not to be the case.
              Thanington Neighbourhood Plan would aim to propose a green gap policy to be included in the CDLP. Espe-
              cially important for the urban and rural character of the area.

             B3: VISUAL IMPACT

              The current CDLP policies that cover this topic are:

              LB2: Impact of the development on Areas of High Landscape Value

              LB10: Development to the designed to retain important trees, hedgerows and woodland

              OS12: Green infrastructure to be planned, designed and manage to conserve and enhance the character of
              landscapes and settlement. Measures to be implemented for new major development sites HE13: Historic
              landscapes, parks, and gardens to be preserved and enhances

              HE13: Historic landscapes, parks, and gardens to be preserved and enhances

             4.1: Genuine
                        consideration should be given to the visual impacts of major and even small devel-
             opments on the local area. The views of the local people should be considered and also any
             independent agency.
             4.2: The planning for mitigation on visual impact must be considered and given priority when
             setting out any planning acceptance requirement.
             4.3:The long term visual impact and enhancement of any visual impacts must be part of the
             planning design and support will be given if this is to be proven the case.

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          4.4:Particularly attention given of the impact on landmarks, ancient monuments and long views
          towards Canterbury cathedral. Views of the river Stour, Chartham, Biggate and southwards to
          the Pethham Valley.
                  An outset detailed design plan is needed to show support, enhancement and protection for Historic
                  Landscapes, parks and gardens.

          B4: LIGHT AND NOISE POLLUTION
                          The current local plan policies that cover this topic are:

                          DBE9: Outdoor lighting proposals, criteria for assessment

                          QL12: Mitigation of pollution from new development

                          APPX5: Outdoor lighting.

          5.1:   Thanington with its variety of area, both rural and urban has different requirements in terms
          of consideration towards light pollution. Consideration will be given when a detail plan outlining
          the avoidance of negative impact on these area.

          5.2:   Support will be given to development plans if light pollution criteria is met and does not have
          a detrimental effect on the resident’s wellbeing, whereby not compromise the safety aspects.
          5.3:   TNP will look to support any development who actively mitigate the impact resulting in noise
          from new developments on the local resident’s health and the quality of life.

          5.4: TNP will look to support any developments with an outline detailed plan that minimise the
          effects of pollutant from any new development.
                    TNP would seek a detail plan of criteria for assessment on avoidance of negative impact and
                    mitigation of pollution and lighting in residential areas and other valuable land including
                    SSSI.

          B5:       AL-                                                                                LOTMENTS
                           The current local plan policies that cover this topic are

                           OS15: Permission to only granted for loss of allotments/community gardens
                           if criteria are met

                           QL4: Support for farm shops in appropriate locations

          6.1:Local allotments and community gardens must be considered to provide or enhanced. Re-
          moval of existing facilities will not be supported unless to enhance and/or prevision are met in
          the new development plan.
          6.2:TNP will look to support new Farm shops with a view to sell local produce. This in fact will
          help to mitigate the impact of pollutant on the ideas area.

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                   Support will be given to any development which show consideration for a well proportion and ade-
                                                            quate facilities

            B6 CLIMATE CHANGE

           The current local plan policies that cover this topic are

           CC1 Proposals for renewable and low carbon sources of energy to be encouraged in appropriate locations .Removal of
           installations required after use has ceased

           CC2 Development to include measures to reduce carbon emissions from energy use

           CC3 Strategic sites and large developments to provide site wide renewable or gas fired combined heat and power un-
           less specific criteria met

           CC4 Development proposals within areas of high risk of flooding or increased surface water run- off to be subject to a
           FRA

           CC5 New development permitted on undeveloped sites within flood zones 2 and 3 only where sequential/exception
           tests passed

           CC6 Minor infill development on previously developed land in Flood zones 2 and 3 acceptable subject to other plan
           policies.

           CC7 No development within overtopping hazard zones

           CC11 Sustainable drainage systems to be utilised. Greenfield run- rates to be achieved where possible. Hierarchy for the
           management of surface water flows. Details of f management of SUDS to be provided prior to commencement.

           CC12 Water quality to be safeguarded and enhanced where possible as part of new development proposals

           CC13 Development to be phased to ensure the provision of necessary water infrastructure works. Development to min-
           imise water use and incorporate water efficiency and recycling measures.

            B7
            7.1 TNP supports the current CDLP outlined in chapter 7 of the CDLP currently adopted. due to
            concerns of the climate change, TNP would encourage CDLP to continue to work and strengthen
            this section. This has become more apparent with two new developments in the area.
            7.2 The first area of concern is the prevention of flood risk along the River Stour. Development
            within any designated flood zone along the river will only be permitted with suitable mitigation
            measures enforced as recommended by the respective agencies, i.e. K.C.C., The Environment
            Agency or any other responsible agency with expertise and authority. No building on these iden-
            tified flood zones should be considered. The land north of the River Stour is identified as High
            Risk Flooding.
            7.3 TNP would like to address it’s concerned with air quality particularly along the A28.
                                                                                                 Any new
            development must take notices the possible concerned of the local residents. Consideration must
            be focused as a whole and not just the immediate impact of the developments within the area.

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          7.4 TNP would seek to support developments which show designs for carbon neutral homes, fea-
          tures that includes modern energy and environmental conservation technologies. To offset the
          carbon emissions. The existing CDLP includes water recycling, recovery system and solar energy
          systems. Policy CC1 &CC2 need to be strengthened in this area.
          7.5 All new sites should be thoroughly assessed to ensure that existing water and sewer services
          are adequately supported for any new development. To identify and mitigation of services and
          measure to overcome this.
                TNP will encourage the CLDP to include their own detailed air quality assessment report to continue
                to monitor the area of local concern, by an independent professional body, and not affiliated to any
                other person or group, before, during and after any new development.

          B8: PUBLIC BRIDLE AND RIGHT OF WAY

                     Policy which CDLP supports this document is T2 pedestrian and cycle
                     routes

          8.1: Thanington has many green corridors these include public footpaths, bridleways and cy-
          cleway used by many as a direct link to other areas in the parish. Providing valuable space for
          walkers and other recreation activities. Which are a crucial link to and from other biodiversity
          sites.
          8.2 To reduce the need for vehicles, the parish would like to see a network of footways linked to
          the surrounding area and accessible to all.
          8.3 Support will be given to developments which provide and enhance the existing walkways link-

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            age to the new ones.
            8.4: It is crucial that these new footways are well lit and maintained to ensure the safety and
            wellbeing of the public.
            8.5: These green corridors will need to be linear with natural vegetation and native hedgerow to
                                                                                                             support
                   TNP will not support any new development which harms these crucial footways, its existing
                   vegetation and shows no designs for linkage of exiting public footpaths and cycleway.
                                                                                                             the wild
                                                                                                             flora fau-
                                                                                                             na, a cru-
            cial link to other biodiversity sites.

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          OBJECTIVE C : SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT ( 21/02/21)

          CONTENT

          C.1 Background
          C2 Relevant LDP Policies
          C.3 Bus Services
          C.4 Cycle Network
          C.5 Stour footpath
          C.6. Parking and Traffic

          C1 BACKGROUND

          Traffic congestion and safety is a major consideration for the Parish. Thanington Parish comprises a mixture of rural
          lanes, suburban estate roads and major trunk roads. The traffic situation has wide impacts on all aspects of Parish
          life.

          The main concern is the impact of the Traffic congestion on AIR POLLUTION and AIR QUALITY levels in Thanington.
          This is particularly a concern on the A28 between HOWFIELD ROUNDABOUT & the A2/A28 junction leading into
          Wincheap

          The Parish has 2 major developments in early progress, that will have significant negative impact on the traffic situa-
          tion in the Parish, SAXON FIELDS 750 dwellings (Pentland Homes)& COCKERING FARM 400 dwellings (Redrow).
          From volume, congestion, air quality and the impact on rural roads.

          The major road in the Parish is the A28 linking Ashford and Canterbury. It has major road intersections, which influ-
          ence the traffic network, particularly the A2/A28 junction.

          The rural roads in the parish comprise mainly of country lanes linking to both the city of Canterbury and major trunk
          roads. Some of these lanes have small residential development as part of their makeup, others are uninhabited
          country lanes, some being single track.

          This makeup requires careful consideration of the resulting diverse issues to ensure that the total structure and lay-
          out of the Parish and impact on these disparate areas is taken into account.

          The existing mismatch of traffic density and capacity already causes issues, both on the major routes and the rural
          lanes within the Parish. In part due to traffic trying to find alternative routes, to, through, and round Canterbury.

          There are significant concerns regarding the impact of traffic from the current developments at Saxon Fields and
          Cockering Road, particularly for St Nicolas Road, Strangers Lane and Cockering Road Also of concern, is the impact

                                                                                                                             19
Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

            the nearby Mountfield Park development, will have on the traffic patterns and flows within and around the Parish.

            The fourth slip road from the A2 to the A28 which is currently planned, should also consider in its design, the ergo-
            nomics and operation of the proposed associated road network in a wider sense rather than just the local details.
            There is concern that the current situation of traffic on the A28, particularly at peak times, will be a major traffic is-
            sue unless this is considered and planned successfully. The photos below illustrate the current situation, which is
            PRE the developments planned at SAXON FIELDS & COCKERING FARM.

                                            Congested Traffic on A28 at HOWFIELD ROUNDABOUT

            Congested Traffic on A28 Between HOWFIELD LANE & HOWFIELD ROUNDABOUT

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Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

            T1 Location of new developments to be considered against Canterbury Transport Strategy

            T2 Proposed pedestrian and cycle routes to be protected

            T3 Bus Improvement Links. Permission not to be granted for proposals that prejudice bus improvement measures
            and fast bus links

            T5 Wincheap Park & Ride . Land safeguarded for expansion

            T9 Parking and cycle provision to have regard for identified standards

            T11 Wincheap Traffic Management Scheme . Implementation of the A2 OFF –SLIP road at Wincheap , an A28 relief
            road and improvements at Wincheap Green . Proposals which prejudice these routes will be resisted

            T16 Rural lanes of landscape amenity ,nature conservation ,historic or archaeological importance protected from
            changes

            T17 Transport Assessment and Travel Plans required for developments which would have significant transport im-
            plications

          C2 RELEVANT LDP POLICIES

          C3 BUS SERVICES
            T3: BUS IMPROVEMENT LINKS : Permission not to be granted for proposals that prejudice bus improvement
            measures and fast bus links

            T5: WINCHEAP PARK & RIDE. Land safeguarded for expansion

          The current Local Plan Policies that cover this topic are:

          The bus links to the area generally poor in both rural and suburban areas of the Parish, with very limited areas hav-
          ing close links to a regular bus service.

          There is a need to develop sustainable bus services to both the Urban and Rural sections of the Parish and these pro-

                                                                                                                            21
Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

            posals would be supported. There is a need to ensure that they will link to the major hubs in the city, i.e. East & West
            Stations and also the Bus station. That will allow onward transport to further afield destinations. Consideration and
            investigation of the use and requirement for public transport should be taken into account for future requirements,
            more than is the current case.

            The impact on fast bus service times, caused by any development impact on the traffic flow, must be taken into ac-
            count when considering any developments, and their traffic flow impact on the existing infrastructure.

            PROJECT C3.1

            Bus routes should be consulted on regarding route and service levels with the local community by the service
            provider, developer and the Local authority.

            Thus Supporting those areas that do not have a bus service of any kind, and are inaccessible to existing services

            RELEVANT POLICY T3.

            The existing Wincheap Park & Ride is not fully utilised, and development of this service to encourage more sustaina-
            ble use would also be supported. The further development of the P&R site should consider all aspects of its impact,

            PROJECT C3.2

             Routes and service levels should take into account demand and travel destinations particularly at peak times.
            This should be consulted on with the local community and also surveyed as regards actual demand and destina-
            tions to maximise the effectiveness of the public transport provided.

            RELEVANT POLICY T3.

            environmental, access and egress.

            PROJECT C3.3.

            The Wincheap Park and Ride should be surveyed, to ensure that it can be utilised to the best levels. This should
            involve local consultation and consultation with users to find out what could be done to improve its effectiveness,
            and utilisation.

            RELEVANT POLICY T5.

            C4 LOCAL CYCLE NETWORK

            The current Local Plan Policies that cover this topic are:

            T2 : Proposed pedestrian and cycle routes to be protected

            OS8: Sports and recreation in the countryside, criteria for assessment

            QL2: Improvements to village services and facilities to be approved, unless there are overriding conflicts

22
Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

          The only cycle path in the Parish is the Stour valley path. This is used by both the local and non-local population. It is
          a well thought of asset and its support and maintenance should be supported.

          The local lanes in the rural area of the Parish are used by various cycle groups, and means of using these, and main-
          taining a safe use for cycling should be supported.

                                                   Photograph of Stour Valley Cycle Path

          There is no direct route, for both the cycling or walking, into Canterbury, from the Parish, particularly along the A28
          corridor. The A28/A2 junction at Wincheap, being a particular block to safe easy access. There is a need to address
          this.

           Proposals to modify this and other areas along the walking cycling routes, or new routes, should be impact on
          traffic and vehicle movements, particularly during the school run periods. It would also allow safer access for walking
          and cycling outside of these peak periods which again would have an impact on traffic flow and congestion.

             PROJECT C4.1

             The proposed Wincheap relief road to incorporate cycle route provision

             RELEVANT POLICY T2

             PROJECT C4.2

             Any development should include adequate upgrades or inclusion for cycling and walking improvements .
             Not just in the local environs of the development, but also further afield to ensure practical improvements
             for sustainable modal shift.

             RELEVANT POLICY T2

                                                                                                                                23
Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

                PROJECT C4.3

                Incorporate improvements to both existing and new PROW that encourage and improve access for cycling
                and walking. Recent events have shown that increased walking and cycling activity can have damaging
                effects on the environment around these PROW if the surface is not adequate and the use level high. That
                would indicate that the surface could need upgrading and should be considered

                RELEVANT POLICY T2

            C5 STOUR FOOTPATH

                OS13 Land identified along the River Stour corridors protected from development. Regard to be had to the to
                the Riverside Strategy

                LB13 The environment within river corridors will be conserved and enhanced . Supply of water , treatment
                and disposal of waste water and flood risk management should be sustainable.

            The current Local Plan Policies that cover this topic are:

                                                    Photograph Stour Valley in Thanington

            The land along the Stour corridor needs to be protected and maintained because of its importance to the environ-
            ment and protection of Canterbury and its environs.

24
Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

          The use of this area for transport will not be supported except if it encourages or enhances the features for either
          cycling or walking. Consideration on any development in this area should take into account the conflict between
          these activities, and ensure that both can occur safely, and not detrimentally impact the other.

          The path along the Stour corridor is an important asset to the Parish and if enhanced to encourage more use could
          have a positive effect on traffic. Any proposals to assist this and also assist access and usability in a controlled way
          should be supported.

                        INSERT EXAMPLES AND COMMENTS AS APPROPRIATE AFTER FURTHER CONSULTATION

          Initial suggestions?

          C6 PARKING & TRAFFIC
          T16 Rural lanes of landscape amenity, nature conservation , historical or archaeological importance protected from
          changes which would damage their character and where possible enhanced

          T17 Transport Assessments and travel plans required for developments which would have significant transport im-
          plications

          HE7 Highway works and traffic schemes to protect the character and appearance of historic buildings and conserva-
          tion areas.

          QL2 Improvements in village services and facilities to be approved unless there are overriding conflicts

          QL11 Mitigation of pollution from new development.

          The current Local Plan Policies that cover this topic are:

                                      Traffic on A28 approaching Strangers Lane & St Nicolas Road

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Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

            The parish has some obvious problems with both traffic and pollution relating to traffic movements and volumes.
            These are specifically firstly along the A28 corridor from the Howfield roundabout to the Wincheap roundabout. At
            peak times, and sometimes at non peak times, traffic can queue in both directions . The rural lanes in the Parish have
            seen a significant increase in traffic flow at both peak and non-peak times. These being single track lanes in many
            instances, leads to a safety problem, and also damage to the road surface, road edges, road surrounding hedges and
            banks. Both of these issues have increased significantly in the last 24 months. The main cause being congestion on
            the main routes. There is concern that the existing developments planned in the area have not taken sufficient or
            accurate consideration of their impact on traffic, or the traffic impact on environmental issues particularly pollution.

            There are particular concerns about traffic from the Pentland / Redrow developments relying on access/egress via
            Cockering Road, Strangers Lane and St Nicolas Road these are primarily residential estate roads and unsuitable for
            this scale of development. New development must take into account its affect in this area. This has not happened in
            the recent proposals, the emphasis being on the Traffic assessments supplied by the developer. Some of these have
            been found incorrect retrospectively, after grant of planning permission. There have also been concerns expressed
            regarding the mitigation measures proposed to deal with these issues. Yet again these have been found wanting ret-
            rospectively.

            This should be corrected by more consideration given to auditing independently, what is submitted in Developer’s
            Traffic Assessments TA’S, and also more consideration given to local residents concerns and knowledge, by the local
            Planning authority.

                               Insert Photographs when available of traffic in St Nicholas Rd &Strangers Lane

            The existing major road network has been found to be at capacity at particularly peak times. Concern is that this is
            occurring before any of the major developments in the Parish are operational. The mitigation measures already put
            in place i.e. the traffic lights at St Nicholas Road exit onto the A28, have already been found to be causing increased
            delays to accessing the A28. Which is understandable, when one looks at the traffic congestion, already existing on
            the A28 at this point. There is also concern expressed about the A28/A2 junction layout and traffic light operation.
            This has been accepted by the local planning authority, but with the current congestion levels there is evidence to
            suggest that there is a problem with what is proposed.

            - The existing traffic situation dictates that any mitigation measures must be confirmed to be adequate and effective
            in their delivery. Such measures should be installed in sufficient time to ensure the problem being dealt with, does
            not become excessive, and cause even more major disruption if carried out later. These proposals would be support-
            ed.
            Car parking is a problem in the suburban developed areas of the Parish. This has been exacerbated by the reduction
            in car parking facilities in the main city. This has led to daytime on-street parking having increased, even in the area
            of the Park and Ride i.e. Homersham as an example.

                                        Insert Photographs when available of parking in Homersham

            There is concern that new developments in our area do not have adequate residential, and on street parking allow-
            ance. New developments small or large must have adequate parking allocation and sufficient space to enable safe
            unhindered access for all emergency and service vehicles at all times. Whilst the aim for a modal shift to walking and
            cycling is admirable realistically in inclement weather residents will default to using their cars.

            Adequate parking and measures to ensure safe and adequate access for emergency and service vehicles at all times
            would be supported.

            When considering large scale or medium scale developments adequate consideration must be given to site access
            routes and ensure these are fit for purpose and in place prior to work commencing. The example being the Saxon
            Field development, where there is concern local estate roads and residents, are being subjected to unacceptable

26
Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

          disruption for a prolonged and extended period. Only proposals to ensuring this is done adequately will be support-
          ed.
          To ensure that new development does not impact on environmental pollution, Iindependent data should be consid-
          ered when analysing any proposed developments. The practice of using developer sponsored data does not give the
          most balanced view. The extensive use of electric vehicles may reduce the air pollution problem but they are in all
          probability, a long way off being fully available both economically and also from a charging supply point of view. This
          must be taken into account. Whilst replacing petrol/diesel with electric vehicles will help improve local air pollution

             PROJECT C6.1

             Development that reduces the existing ON SITE car parking should be audited .The effect on ON STREET car
             parking, if this is, are is not, allowed, should be taken into account when considering these developments and
             this parking affect mitigated for. Electric vehicles or other vehicles using green technology require parking and
             are likely to remain a requirement for the foreseeable future and car parking must be given sufficient consider-
             ation.

             RELEVANT POLICY T17,T9

          it will NOT impact the volume of traffic and its associated congestion.

             PROJECT C6.2

              20mph speed restrictions should be considered in Cul de Sacs or other areas, due to safety and parking limita-
             tions.

             RELEVANT POLICY T17

             PROJECT C6.3

              20mph speed restrictions should be considered in Cul de Sacs or other areas, due to safety and parking limita-
             tions.

             RELEVANT POLICY T17

             PROJECT C6.4

             Development on existing properties, as well as new, should include for the provision of at least one electrical vehi-
             cle chargeg point.

             RELEVANT POLICY T17 QL

             PROJECT C6.5

              Consideration should be given to limiting access, or design access modifications, to some rural lanes etc to pre-
             vent RAT RUNS developing. This is particularly relevant were there are sites of environmental interest or safety
             issues due to the size of the roads concerned.

             RELEVANT POLICY T17 T16

                                                                                                                            27
Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

             PROJECT C6.6

             Consideration should be given to limiting access, or design access modifications, to some rural lanes etc to prevent
             RAT RUNS developing. This is particularly relevant were there are sites of environmental interest or safety issues
             due to the size of the roads concerned.

             RELEVANT POLICY T17 T16

             PROJECT C6.7

             Speed restrictions should be considered on some of the Parish’s rural roads which are becoming increasingly used
             and increasingly dangerous to use for walking and cycling. If this is not done then encouraging cycling and walking
             becomes difficult t promote

             RELEVANT POLICY T17 T16

             PROJECT C6.8

             Major new development should have sufficient provision for adequate car parking both ON SITE & ON ROAD . The
             existing developments in the parish are lacking in this and this should be addressed in detail when consideration is
             given to any application.

             RELEVANT POLICY T17

            PROJECT C6.9

             Yellow lines should be considered if there is the potential problems with service and emergency vehicles

            RELEVANT POLICY T17

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Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

          Objective D. Community
          C1—Development to Hilltop Design Statement

          C2—Drainage, Sewage and Flood Hazard

          C3—Infilling in gardens

          C4—Air Quality

          C5—Impacts on Biodiversity

          C6—Archaeological assesment

                                                       29
Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

            Objective E. Promoting Healthy Communities
            D1—Community services and facilities

            D2—Green Infrastructure

30
Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

          Objective E. Quality of Life
          E1—North Ward Estate

          E2—20 MPH speed limit on roads

          E3—River Stour

          E4 Fishing Lakes

          E5—Larkey Valley Wood

                                           31
Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

            Thanington has many historical features and two areas of ancient natural woodland. Larkey Valley wood is a Site of
            Special Scientific Interest noted for its orchids, woodland plants and dormice. It is owned and managed by the Can-
            terbury City Council for nature conservation and public access.

            Iffin and Hand woods are privately owns however they are managed for pheasant shooting and contain a Bronze Age
            tumulus with a mediaeval manor and chapel. Theses site link together with a corridors of hedges which provide
            abundant of life for many species of wildlife.

                                                        St Nicolas Church Thanington

            Bigbury camp: This site is a scheduled Ancient Monument and is an Iron Age hill fort in the east Kent. It is managed
            by the Kent Wildlife trust. Its located 2.0mi west of Canterbury and situated on a minor road between A2 and A28

32
Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

          Objective F. Conserving and Enhancing the Natural Environment.
          OBJECTIVE F: CONSERVING AND ENHANCING THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
          (DRAFT 28/01/21)

          PURPOSE: The intention of the Neighbour plan is to influence the operation of the statutory local planning frame
          work, to provide a context for any new development, based on the local character, environment and its sense of
          open space.

              Objective of this section:

          1. To describe the distinctive character of the area
          2. To identify the environmental and historical feature of the area
          To work in partnership with the local planning authority in the context of the existing local plan and to influence fu-
          ture policies and developments.

           F: BACKGROUND

                                                        Hilltop area of Thanington

          Thanington Parish is a civil parish and inner suburb of Canterbury. It extends to the south –west of A2 from
          Wincheap out towards Milton Bridge Chartham. It is the only parish area within the city of Canterbury. The north
          ward of Thanington follows the river Stour. North of Ashford road has housing and south of Ashford road has a large
          estate of mixed housing. South ward of Thanington linear settlement along New House Lane, New House Close, Iffin
          Lane. The parish church is dedicated to St Nicholas and is located on Thanington road. Thanington Without changed
          to Thanington on 1st April 2019.

                                                         Ashford Road Thanington

                                                                                                                              33
Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

            roads.

            Cockering Manor/farm is a listed building and is situated in Cockering road towards Larkey Valley woods on trunk
            rural road, surrounded by agricultural land, on the same road leading towards the village of Chartham, documented
            back to 1235.

            Howfield Manor near Milton church is a historic house, the original portion now kitchen and breakfast rooms is be-
            lieved to date back to 1181. Its situated on the A28 towards Ashford near Milton church. It is now a private hotel.

            Milton Manor situated on the A28 Ashford road is mention as far back as the doomsday book. Houses two water
            mills hence the name Milton. Once belonged to De Crevequer who long been Sheriff of Kent. The site today is a
            gravel extraction. Several lakes have been left in the water meadows attracting many wildlife.

            Milton church a small 12th century church located on the site which is now redundant.

            New House Farm situated half mile from south of Canterbury. Earliest dates are found from 1270 to 1278, it has had
            many different owners. Residence Captain Terry to George Gipps M.P who also owned many property in the area.
            In December 1949 farm workers discovered a Romano Britain flint swallow pit containing many pottery dating back
            to A.D 80-100, items found were a one handed jug, an urn containing a human bone (unfortunately smashed by a
            plough) and a simian platter bearing the potter’s stamp, these items are with the Royal museum Canterbury.

            Thanington Court
            Mention in the Canterbury Doomsday Book and recorded as land once owned by Godefridus and Dapifer, in the
            reign of William l. Norman families of Valynes and George Gipps M.P who owned New House Farm were once resi-
            dents.

            Tonford Manor

            Situated to the north side of the River Stour this half ruined flint, brick walls, flanking towers, timbered roof and a
            carved corbels of the 15th century, a Tudor gateway. Records show dwellings on this site date back to the Henry lll.
            The house today is half 15th century and half Queen Ann. King Henry the VIII and Queen Kathrine of Aragon paid a
            visit and stayed for three nights. Later a well-known writer Christopher Hassall who died in 1963 was a resident and

34
Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

          had a local road name after him.

          River Stour

                                                          River Stour Thanington

          This river has played a very important part throughout history. From the first settlers to the Iron Age at fort Bigbury
          overlooking the valley and ford at Tonford. Most local names are derived from Anglo Saxon however river names
          are older, Celtic for water. The Stour is Kent’s second longest river which flows through Milton and Thanington for
          several miles. It’s famous for trout fishing and boating, and has much abundant of wildlife. It had also worked mills
          and properly a mill at Milton Manor in the middle ages or earlier. Once the river flow near to Howfield Manor how-
          ever during the Napoleonic wars this was changed when a new road was made alongside the river. The land at Ton-
          ford was used by farmers until recently and the area was favoured by the painter Sydney Cooper R. A. Today it is
          looked after by the environment agency and supported by many partnerships with many projects to enhances and
          protect the river.

          Landscape
          The hilltop area is surrounded by agricultural land on all sides arable and or market gardening crops for grazing of
          livestock. It is important to say the view of Canterbury cathedral can be seen. Hedgerows or wooded areas contain-
          ing native vegetation types line new house lane, lffin lane Merton lane and the bridle paths. This area is well served
          by a network of public footpaths that link to Larkey valley woods, Wincheap via Hollow lane and Stuppington lane
          and also to hand and lffin woods.

          Between hilltop area and cockering road, here is a vast area off agricultural land, a footpath connects the two area
          together. Today Saxon field is an ongoing development consisting of up to 750 homes including commercial, the pub-
          lic sector and recreation.

          Manor Close is a small cul-de-sac and the last of homes before you reach Larkey Valley woods on the same trunk
          road to Chartham Village. On the west side of Larkey Valley woods here is an area of agriculture land which stretches
          towards Milton Manor, this site has been approved to develop 450 homes.

          On north sides Tonford manor here are expanded vast flood plains supporting wildlife and runs parallel with the river
          Stour. On the west side towards Charham is a mixer of orchids and agricultural lands.

          F1 IMPORTANT GREEN SPACES

                                                                                                                             35
Thanington Neighbourhood Plan 2020

            The current local Plan policies that cover this topic are:

            HE13: Historic landscapes, parks, and gardens to be preserved and enhanced

            LB2: Impact of the development on Areas of High Landscape Value

            LB8: Ecological Improvements to be incorporated into new developments to improve connectivity

            LB9: All developments to avoid a net loss of biodiversity and pursue opportunities to achieve a net gain

            LB10: Development to be designed to retain important trees, hedgerows and woodland

            LB13: The environment within river corridors will be conserved and enhanced. Supply of water treatment, and
            disposal of waste water and flood risk management should be sustainable.

            OS1: Proposals to protect and enhance sites designated as Local Green Space

            OS9: Protected Open Space to be safe guarded unless specific criteria met

            OS15: Permission to only be granted for loss of allotments /community gardens if criteria are met

            There is a requirement from the community to maintain the level of green space available and this is particularly
            important in the Urban areas of the Parish. This prevents an erosion of this characteristic, due to unmitigated devel-
            opment. Thanington has a good level of green accessible space and this must be maintained or improved by devel-
            opment.

            Support will be given to those developments that seriously take this into account, and those that do not will be op-
            posed.

            The impact of any development on ecological factors should be thoroughly analysed preferably independently. Na-
            tional agency opinions should be considered and also local opinion. Only those developments that can prove true
            sustainability in this area will be supported.

            Development planning should genuinely improve and include green space areas, and also community areas, and will
            be supported if this is proved.

            The impact of removing established areas of green space and associated surrounds, must be taken into account
            when consideration of development. Replacement sometimes is not an improvement, or sustainable, over what was
            original. This must be taken out into during considerations.

            Historical sites must be protected and also their surroundings when any development is consideration. Also the im-
            pact on them by any close development must be given genuine consideration and long term vision. This will be sup-
            ported but opposed if it is felt not to be the case.

            F2: VISUAL IMPACTS

            The current local Plan policies that cover this topic are:

            HE13: Historic landscapes, parks, and gardens to be preserved and enhanced

            LB2: Impact of the development on Areas of High Landscape Value

            LB10: Development to be designed to retain important trees, hedgerows and woodland

            LB13: The environment within river corridors will be conserved and enhanced. Supply of water

            treatment, and disposal of waste water and flood risk management should be sustainable.

            OS12: Green infrastructure to be planned, designed and managed to conserve and enhance the character of land-
            scapes and settlements. Measures to be implemented for new major development sites

            Genuine consideration should be given to the visual impacts of major and even small developments on the local

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