4D TRACKING SYSTEM BASED ON STRIP LGAD SENSORS
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4D TRACKING SYSTEM BASED ON STRIP LGAD SENSORS J. PIETRASZKO, GSI HELMHOLTZZENTRUM FÜR SCHWERIONENFORSCHUNG, DARMSTADT • Introduction to LGAD technology • Performance measured with discreet FEE • Calibration/corrections based on AI • Sensor production • Scalability and large area systems ASICs
LGAD PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION AND PERFORMANCE o + implant generates a strong electric field near the junction Low Gain Avalanche Diode(LGAD) (~300 / ) o + layer is dopt with 1016 / 3 Boron, Gallium, Carbon Thin high doped p+ o That accelerates electrons enough to start avalanche layer implanted near multiplication the p-n junction Marco Ferrero, INFN, IV Streaming Readout workshop, Camogli 22-24 May 2019 o Meets Timing-Tracking requirements for HL-LHC (CMS / ATLAS) 30 ps demonstrated E field Traditional silicon sensors Traditional silicon sensors E field LowLow gain Gain avalancheDiode Avalanch diode N. Cartiglia et al., NIMP Research A 796 (2015) 141-148 V. Sola et al., Journal of Instrumentation 12 (2017) C02072 p+ implant create an high electric field near the Junction (~300kV/cm), that accelerates V. Sola et al., Nucl.Instrum.Meth. A924 (2019) 360- 368 electrons enough to start avalanche multiplication (same principle of APD but with Nicolo Cartiglia, 4D-Tracking, Berlin 2018 much lower gain) Charge vs. bias and fluence UFSD is a thin LGAD with an active width of ~50µm: • Thin to maximize the slew rate LGAD sensors proposed • Parallel plate geometry for more uniform weighting field and produced for the first tine by CNM (2015) • High electric field to maximize the drift velocity (National Center for • Highest possible resistivity to have uniform electric field Micro-electronics, • Small size to keep the capacitance low Barcelona) • Small volume to keep the leakage current low (shot noise) 12 I. Mandić (Ljubljana, Slovenia), Development of tracking detectors for Simone M. Mazza (SCIPP, UC Santa Cruz), “LGAD radiation hardness FCC_hh or other high fluence environments, TREDI2020 in the HL-LHC environment ”, TREDI2020 J. Pietraszko, GSI Darmstadt, 7th MT Meeting, February 2021 2
TOWARDS LARGE AREA 4D TRACKING SYSTEM BASED ON LGAD J. Pietraszko et al., Eur. Phys. J. A (2020) 56:183, Low Gain Avalanche Detectors for the HADES reaction time (T0) detector upgrade Walk corrected data AI approach: Vadym Kedych "ML based HADES T0 detector calibration“ FEE W.Koenig, GSI Darmstadt Calibration procedure: Wilhelm Krüger "LGADs for Timing Applications in HADES" FBK UFSD detectors tested at COSY in Jülich, × . LGAD timing below 50 ps (47.2 ps) o 50 active sensor thickness, 5 × 4.3 , o Leading-edge discriminators / FPGA based TDC (trb.gsi.de) o 30 strips on each sensor, 16 connected to the FEE, 140 pitch o @ 10 kHz / channel / 2 o Without active cooling, at 30o Celsius Sensors: First FBK production of 50 mm ultra-fast silicon detectors Sola, V. et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A924 (2019) Very promising and robust technology for high rate 4D tracking J. Pietraszko, GSI Darmstadt, 7th MT Meeting, February 2021 3
HADES T0 SYSTEM FOR P BEAM Rate Capability108p/s 2cm x 2cm, 96 channels Veto detector Timing Below 100ps - Mounted behind fRPC Demonstrated - Old hodoscope (X/Y) or LGAD Low Material Budget based ? Sensor thickness < 200 µm Beam direction Status: Equipped with prototype sensors Courtesy of FBK/INFN Torino T0 detector Ready for test beam in 02.2021 - 2 LGAD sensors, 2cm x 2cm each. - X and Y positioning - 387 µm pitch, 96 channels - T0 determination & beam monitoring HADES 3 sensors mounted on one PCB 2cm J. Pietraszko, GSI Darmstadt, 7th MT Meeting, February 2021 4
UPCOMING LGAD PRODUCTION FOR HADES IN Q3/4 2021 Production focused on R&D for tracking purposes, 5 geometries will be ready in 2021 (Metal-Metal distance 14um, Gain-Gain distance 24um) 1. Sensor size: 20 mm x 20mm - 2 x 48 half strips (9.28mm long) - pitch about 387 um, Die size 19.9 x 19.9mm2 Main HADES sensor for T0 detector 2. Sensor size 1cm x 1cm - 45 strips (about 9 mm long) - pitch about 192 um 3. Sensor size 1cm x 1cm - about 57 strips (about 9 mm long) - pitch 150 um 4. Sensor size 1cm x 1cm - about 86 strips (about 9 mm long) LGAD R&D sensors for 4D tracking applications - pitch 100 um (the pitch should be 100um) 5. Sensor size 1cm x 0.5 cm - Pitch 400µm/200µm/100µm/50µm - about 73 strips (about 9 mm long) - Low material budget: 200µm further thinning to 100µm - pitch 50 um J. Pietraszko, GSI Darmstadt, 7th MT Meeting, February 2021
4D TRACKING SYSTEM BASED ON STRIP LGAD SENSORS J. PIETRASZKO, GSI HELMHOLTZZENTRUM FÜR SCHWERIONENFORSCHUNG, DARMSTADT Prototyping and R&D Scenario – Short Term Scale 96 channels 20mm x 20mm sensor size ASIC option (2021), FAST 16 channels 5mm x 5mm sensor size Readout: - Discrete FEE (HADES development) - NINO/discrete discriminators (PADIWA) - FPGA TDC: M. Traxler et al., JINST 6, C12004 (2011) - DAQ: DABC system, dabc.gsi.de - Online TDC calibration - done - AI detector calibration, walk/time corrections (Vadym Kedych "ML based HADES T0 detector calibration“) J. Pietraszko, GSI Darmstadt, 7th MT Meeting, February 2021 6
4D TRACKING SYSTEM BASED ON STRIP LGAD SENSORS J. PIETRASZKO, GSI HELMHOLTZZENTRUM FÜR SCHWERIONENFORSCHUNG, DARMSTADT Prototyping and R&D scenario (1) Analog ASIC Amp/Disc Larger active areas - Pitch 100 µm / 50 µm (2)TDC ASIC - Timing below 20 ps - Pitch 100 µm / 50 µm - Rate capabilities 10 MHz/ch - Intrinsic timing below 20ps 1 GHz/cm2 - Rate capabilities 10 MHz/ch 1 GHz/cm2 Anticipated performance of the 4D tracking system - Timing 20-30 ps - Low material budget: 2 layers x 100 µm / Flex Al cable - Position precision: 30 µm - Dimensions: above several cm2 LGAD Sensor production and R&D - Sensor production for HADES (Q3 2021) - Thinning 200 µm 100 µm or below - Future: Fill-factor improvements Trench Isolated LGAD (close to 100%) J. Pietraszko, GSI Darmstadt, 7th MT Meeting, February 2021 7
4D TRACKING SYSTEM BASED ON STRIP LGAD SENSORS Serial powering and serial readout to reduce the material budget FPGA based readout/ DABC DAQ Online Calibrations/Corrections utilizing AI algorithms Large area integration: 1. Merge two ASICs into one (amplifier, discriminator, TDC) 2. High rate data transfer based on thin, Al cables used for CBM STS system (GSI expertise) 3. Powering concept 4. Cooling requirements J. Pietraszko, GSI Darmstadt, 7th MT Meeting, February 2021 8
4D TRACKING SYSTEM BASED ON STRIP LGAD SENSORS OUTLOOK J. Pietraszko et al., Eur. Phys. J. A (2020) 56:183 Larger active areas Low Gain Avalanche Detectors for the HADES reaction time (T0) detector upgrade (1) Analog ASIC Amp/Disc (2)TDC ASIC - Pitch 100 µm / 50 µm - Pitch 100 µm / 50 µm - Timing below 20 ps - Intrinsic timing below 20ps - Rate capabilities 10 MHz/ch - Rate capabilities 10 MHz/ch Applications 1 GHz/cm2 1 GHz/cm2 HADES Forward Wall system HADES T0 barrel ToF systems for IonCT Energy Recovery Linacs (TU-DA) Tracking system for experiment EDM searches, JEDI at COSY Anticipated performance of the 4D tracking system Beam monitoring at GSI/FAIR - Timing 20-30 ps - Low material budget: 2 layers x 100 µm T0 system for CBM at FAIR - Position precision: 30 µm …. - Dimensions: above several cm2 Time Precision: 47 ps LGAD Sensor production and R&D - Sensor production for HADES (Q3 2021) - Thinning 200 µm 100 µm or below - Future: Fill-factor improvements Trench Isolated LGAD (close to 100%) J. Pietraszko, GSI Darmstadt, 7th MT Meeting, February 2021 9
4D TRACKING SYSTEM BASED ON STRIP LGAD SENSORS THANK YOU J. Pietraszko, GSI Darmstadt, 7th MT Meeting, February 2021 10
4D TRACKING SYSTEM BASED ON STRIP LGAD SENSORS J. Pietraszko, GSI Darmstadt, 7th MT Meeting, February 2021 11
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