Connected Cars: On The Edge Of A Breakthrough - How the AECC's distributed edge architecture can drive revenue for MNOs
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WHITEPAPER
Connected Cars: On The
Edge Of A Breakthrough
How the AECC’s distributed edge architecture can drive revenue for MNOs
Published by
Executive Summary
Mobile networks will enable many of this decade’s most promising
technologies, and perhaps no other device holds as much potential
as the connected vehicle. GSMA has forecast that the global
connected car market will be worth $198 billion by 2025.1
According to the analyst team at McKinsey, the average vehicle will
generate an estimated $310 a year in connectivity revenue by the
end of this decade2 (annual smartphone revenue per user (ARPU)
would have to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of
more than 10% to match that3).
As each vehicle on the road becomes part of at least one mobile
network, the opportunity for operators is significant. So, too, is the
cost of letting the connected car ecosystem evolve without
coordinated cooperation from mobile network operators (MNOs).
By 2025, at least 400 million passenger vehicles globally will have
embedded connectivity, according to SBD Automotive's 2020
Connected Services Forecast.4 A data deluge from connected cars is
coming no matter what, and operators that get involved now will be
ready to handle the data more economically and efficiently.
The AECC is a multiindustry collaboration formed to maximize the
opportunities created by vehicular connectivity and automotive big
data. Recognizing the connected car’s reliance on cellular networks,
leaders from the automotive industry are partnering with carriers,
equipment vendors, software developers and cloud service providers.
Proactive mobile network operators are collaborating with the auto
industry, which is increasingly focused on delivering services in
addition to simply selling vehicles. Services such as dynamic HD
maps and intelligent driving rely on the network’s ability to
instantaneously process localized data and transmit actionable
insights. Mobile networks will need the computing resources to
process the right data in the right place at the right time: a topology
aware distributed edge computing cloud architecture.
This white paper examines the opportunities for MNOs to become
leaders in the emerging ecosystem of the automotive edge. To fully
capitalize on this opportunity, mobile network operators need to
work closely with a consortium of automotive, edge and cloud
solution providers.
2 WHITEPAPER
The AECC’s Topology-aware Distributed
Edge Computing Cloud Architecture
What is the equipped with fast internet access,
artificial intelligence and access to
With the right infrastructure and
protocols in place, connected cars
AECC and how is its big data analytics for high-definition will be able to interact with cellular
map creation and distribution, as networks rather than just using them
approach unique? well as for services like intelligent to send massive amounts of data to
driving and more. Within four years, the cloud. Navigation is a good
The AECC and its members are hundreds of millions of vehicles will example. Unlike today’s navigation
working to identify the connected be sending a thousand times more apps, which use relatively small
vehicle requirements needed to data to the cloud than today’s amounts of cellular data, real-time
design the next generation of connected cars. high-definition maps will be in
networks that can think globally and constant communication with the
act locally. As cars become As the connected car market rapidly network, providing a service that will
increasingly autonomous, data will expands beyond luxury models and be highly valuable to drivers. Cars
be processed by the vehicles, in the premium brands to high-volume, will be able to quickly alert drivers to
cloud and in between at mid-market models, the industry dangerous traffic patterns or help
strategically located edge compute will soon reach a tipping point. The them find parking in crowded areas.
locations that will capture data that volume of vehicle data generated
does not need to be aggregated in will overwhelm existing cloud, A localized distributed edge
the cloud. computing and communications computing cloud architecture
infrastructure resources. speeds data processing by matching
Consider the numbers: with a billion compute resources with the
cars already on the planet, each Not all vehicular data needs to vehicles that need them. In the
vehicle replacement represents a travel to the cloud. “Data has a context of edge computing for
new connection. By 2025, 100% of nature of locality,” explained automotive use, the “edge” means
all new vehicles, more than 100 Toyota’s Ken-ichi Murata, Chair of the hierarchically distributed non-
million, will come to market the AECC, and Fellow and General central clouds where computation
connected, according to IHS, Manager of Connected Cars at resources are deployed, and edge
bringing new services and business Toyota. “The vehicles in Texas do not computing technology can be used
models to bear. This next generation need data from New York. … That’s to design a flexible topology-aware
of connected cars will need to be just a waste of network.” cloud infrastructure.
Connected Cars: On The Edge Of A Breakthrough 3Distributed edge computing on localized networks
Distributed Computing Cloud Data Data
#-$.) Data Local Data
Integration Platform
Reduces concentration of
computation to shorten Inter-connects local cars to
processing time Local Local integrate information
Data Data
Local Local
Data Local Local Data
Data Data
Intelligent High Intelligent High
V2C2V Driving Definition V2C2V Driving Definition
!" Map !" Map
Distributed Computing Distributed Computing
Localized Network Localized Network
Localized Network
Splits data traffic in
order to handle huge
data flow
Connected Car Connected Car Connected Car Connected Car
(Source: AECC)
This architecture creates an AECC Director Roger Berg, Vice thousands of companies that service
opportunity for mobile network President for R&D in North cars and trucks, all of which can
operators to host edge servers America at DENSO International benefit from automotive big data.
running cloud-based applications. America, sees smartphones already Makers of roadside infrastructure are
The cloud is dominated by a handful creating a need for a robust edge also part of the mobility ecosystem,
of hyperscalers, but at the edge, network. “If similar needs from the since street signs, billboards and
MNOs have more of a chance to mobility industry can be met by a stoplights can all potentially be
participate, given their position as distributed computing network connected to the internet.
owners of the network access architecture set up for smartphone
points. MNOs are already apps, then the MNO has another Many different technology
experimenting with this business vertical from which to gather providers are investing human and
model, according to the AECC’s additional ARPU sources from the financial capital to learn how to
Proof of Concept Committee. same network,” Berg noted. better serve the automotive
industry. From the chips that
As mobile operators invest in edge-
based servers meant to host cloud
The Distributed connect devices and power servers
to the data centers that process
applications, the goal is typically to Edge Ecosystem exabytes per day, IT hardware is
support mobile subscribers. But integral to the connected car. In
within a few short years, this These futuristic features will rely on addition to mobile network
infrastructure could support not the cooperation of many different operators, fiber providers, satellite
just mobile but also mobility, the ecosystem participants. Connected operators and Wi-Fi equipment
connected car ecosystem that auto vehicles are supported not just by the vendors are eyeing the connected
executives call the mobility industry. automakers, but also by the car opportunity.
4 WHITEPAPERConnected vehicles are supported by a heterogeneous ecosystem
Wide-area Roadside
cellular network equipment
Fleet OEM
Wi-Fi
Te
Telematics
Passenger Wi-Fi Telematics,
ADAS, C-ITS
Commercial vehicle for people transport Private vehicle
(Source: AECC and AECC member Ericsson, 2021)
The AECC has assembled a and Toyota, along with information Google. The consortium also
partnership that connects and communications technology includes software giants Oracle and
industries and brings together the (ICT) leaders AT&T, Dell EMC, Microsoft, which has recently made
connected vehicle ecosystem. Cisco, Ericsson, Intel, KDDI, NTT two significant acquisitions of
AECC members include automotive and Samsung. Data center leader companies that develop mobile
technology heavyweights DENSO Equinix is also a member, as is network technology.
Exploring the Market Opportunity
Some companies will participate in and repurposed, and it will Network operators may have a role to
the market solely by selling generate significant value for a play in monetizing automotive data,
products or services, while others number of industries. especially if they host edge cloud
will want to monetize the data servers to help process this data. But
generated by connected cars. “I expect multiple sources of data … for operators, hosting applications at
Ownership of that data is a will be used to build a multi-use the network edge is likely to be a
complex issue, especially since case, multi-sector analytics platform more immediate opportunity. The
drivers may naturally assume that for mobility data collected through AECC has identified five primary use
some of the data their cars vehicles and related transportation cases that will be enabled by a
generate belongs to them. But infrastructure,” said AECC Director topology-aware distributed edge
most of that data will be analyzed Roger Berg of DENSO. computing cloud architecture.
Source: HPE
Connected Cars: On The Edge Of A Breakthrough 5Use Cases
HD Mapping HD maps are dynamic because they
are constantly updated with
This data session portability is a
cornerstone of several connected
An HD map is a frequently updated information collected by the vehicle use cases, and it relies on the
map overlaid with various vehicles. This data can be analyzed readiness of mobile network
information such as traffic by the vehicles or by an edge server, operators to use uniform and
situations, access ways and road but the maps should be updated by transparent protocols.
obstructions, with high precision at the servers because they rely on
the centimeter level. In the AECC information from multiple vehicles. Vodafone, Ericsson and Toyota are
model, dynamic information is To reliably send and receive HD testing a proof of concept of 5G
classified into four layers according map data in transit, vehicles need to core session and service continuity,
to the time intervals at which be able to start a data session in the also called “make-before-break.”
dynamic information changes. vicinity of one edge server and The team found no loss of
continue it in another. connectivity with 5G core make-
6 WHITEPAPERLayers of an HD map
Highly
Dynamic
Layer
Transient UNEXPECTED
STRONG RAIN
Dynamic
Layer OBSTACLE
Transient
Static ROAD WORK ACCIDENT FOG
Layer LANE CLOSED
Permanent
Static
Layer
(Source: AECC)
before-break gateway switching in together, their cooperation can generated by both the vehicle and
its published results and takeaways jump-start the connected car the driver (biometric data). One
from joint trials at the Aldenhoven market by giving automakers goal is to give drivers a complete
Testing Center.5 confidence in the networks. and dynamic picture of their driving
profiles so that exhausted drivers in
Technically, session continuity is “If there are differences in unsafe cars get off the road. Edge
likely to be achievable, but networks, how can I build one car at servers can instruct the vehicle on
operationally it will rely on carrier production time and deliver it to any what data to send to the cloud and
cooperation, like many other of these countries, any of these help to pre-process the data before
standard network features. “That’s operators?” Boberg said. “I think it is sent. The driver sees near real-
a big discussion with our MNO that is the main thing that makes it time performance metrics.
friends,” said AECC Director easy … to produce a car, knowing
Christer Boberg, director of IoT and the technology I have incorporated A driver monitoring his or her
Cloud Technology Strategies at into the car can be used in any performance/alertness on a road
Ericsson. “How do we build this operator network I connect to.” trip is likely to move from one edge
network of edges to cater to server’s region to the next during
consistent behavior on a global
scale? Maybe not the same provider
Intelligent Driving the journey. The ability to transfer a
data session from one edge server
or supplier, but it should have the A second key use case enabled by a to another again becomes critical.
same methods.” Boberg said that if distributed edge is intelligent
operators are willing to work driving, which relies on sensor data
Connected Cars: On The Edge Of A Breakthrough 7Insurance V2Cloud Vehicle groups are highly dynamic,
with individual vehicles moving
The same data that drivers use to Cruise Assist seamlessly from one group to
monitor their own performance can another. Group sizes are also
be used over time by insurance V2Cloud Cruise Assist is an evolution expected to be fungible, as the set of
companies to reward good drivers of intelligent driving into a more vehicles that needs a given piece of
with better rates. Data from flexible service model. Here the information will vary with the
connected cars is highly valuable to network mediates vehicle-to-vehicle nature of the information.
insurers, and the most valuable data communications by integrating
can be collected at the scene of an information obtained from AECC Director Said Tabet, Chief
accident. This information can be neighboring cars. This mechanism is Architect for Intelligent Connected
analyzed in the cloud, but if pre- called the vehicle-to-cloud-to-vehicle Vehicles at Dell Technologies, said
processing occurs at the edge, cars service or simply V2C2V. This service that edge computing will be
may be able to make prescriptive scenario is especially effective when essential to managing and
suggestions to drivers while they used to broadcast information to processing this data in a timely
are still at the scene. For example, vehicles that need the same manner. He said that even
drivers can be prompted to information, by utilizing the hyperscale cloud providers will
photograph skid marks on the road combination of neighboring vehicles, probably end up directing safety-
or to document aspects of a collision roadside units and others. related vehicular data to the edge.
before the cars are moved.
Connected vehicle services enabled by a distributed, coordinated edge cloud
Integration & Storage Automotive
• Wide area integration & Cloud Data Center
analysis
AI Enabler
• Permanent storage Enabling AI based applications in
Edge Computing
Distributed platform distributed computing platform.
Distributed Processing for low latency and
• Analysis of local data fast computation.
Intelligent
with wide area High
V2C2V Driving Flexible topology-aware
information Definition
Map distributed clouds
• Real-time data
processing
• Low-latency response Data traffic
to connected cars
• Local area information Access NW
collection, filtering, Camera
aggregation, cleansing Data Traffic Data Traffic Data Traffic
Sensor Radio Access Technology
Local Devices wireless connectivity more
Roadside Unit
• Devices for sensing flexible in quality and cost.
road condition,
detecting objects e.g.
pedestrians
Connected Car Connected Car Connected Car
Drone
Pedestrians
(Source: AECC)
8 WHITEPAPERAnother aspect of V2Cloud Cruise
Assist is simply expediting the
Mobility-as-a-Service
process of moving information from Ridesharing is just one aspect of
the vehicle to the cloud. According mobility-as-a-service. Automakers
to Tabet, test fleets of autonomous are starting to see cars as
vehicles are generating more data generators of ongoing service
than today’s network architectures revenue, and in some cases the car
can handle – they download it and itself becomes the service. “Within
ship cartridges by FedEx to cloud one day you will see a vehicle being
providers. This is not a sustainable used as a mobile library or a mobile
model; network architectures need store or a clinic,” said Tabet.
to evolve. “Mobility as a service is about
integrating into the environment.”
Now Is the Time To Join the AECC
Wireless carriers created a the network, the mobile equipment network operators have an
multibillion-dollar smartphone could choose the network with the immediate opportunity to be part of
industry by standardizing network necessary capabilities and roam to this process, instead of waiting until
protocols, and supporting the next that network even if the incumbent the distributed edge architecture
wave of innovation will require even MNO/MSP has a network overlay. … has developed and trying to adapt at
greater levels of cooperation. MNOs need to assess the value of a later time.
Connected vehicles will need to the capital expenditure necessary to
move seamlessly from one carrier’s invest in multi-access edge Connected vehicles are about more
edge servers to the next, without computing, and stay competitive in than new revenue models for
service interruption or loss of data. markets where more than one automakers and service providers.
MNO provides service.” Vehicle emissions are one of the
“It doesn’t work for automakers and biggest contributors to climate
their service providers if different Investments in edge computing change, and traffic accidents claim a
networks have different capabilities resources should be made with as life every 25 seconds. These
in Dallas than they do in San much information as possible about problems can be mitigated when
Antonio,” said AECC Director Roger how those resources will be used. vehicles have a shared perception of
Berg of DENSO, adding that mobile The Automotive Edge Computing their environment. The applications
service providers who ignore the Consortium will define that will enable this are predicated
reasons to work together run a requirements and develop use cases on wireless network
significant risk. for emerging mobile devices, with a interoperability and performance.
particular focus on the automotive
“In the age of eSIM, a mobile user industry, bringing these The wireless industry’s history has
equipment provider and requirements and use cases into repeatedly demonstrated the power
applications aggregator can virtually standards bodies, industry of collaborative standard-setting
instantaneously change MNO/MSP consortia and solution providers. and technology testing. This will
network services in a mobile The consortium will also encourage prove true once again as mobile
environment,” Berg said. “So for a the development of best practices network operators approach what is
given application with certain key for the distributed and layered likely to be the biggest opportunity
performance requirements from computing approach. Mobile since the smartphone.
Connected Cars: On The Edge Of A Breakthrough 9About the AECC: The Automotive Edge Computing Mobile World Live is the premier destination for news, insight
Consortium (AECC) is an association of cross-industry, global and intelligence for the global mobile industry. Armed with a
leaders working to explore the rapidly evolving and important dedicated team of experienced reporters from around the
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billions of vehicles worldwide. The AECC’s goal is to find more breaking news, special features, investigative reporting, and
efficient ways to support the high-volume data and intelligent expert analysis of today’s biggest stories.
services needed for distributed computing and network
architecture and infrastructure. The AECC’s members are key We are firmly committed to delivering accurate, quality
players in the automotive, high-speed mobile network, edge journalism to our readers through news articles, video
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1. GSMA: "The Connected Vehicle Opportunity," January 2021 (https://www.gsma.com/iot/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Infographic-The-Connected-Vehicle-Opportunity.pdf)
2. McKinsey: "Unlocking the full life-cycle value from connected car data," February 2021 (https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/unlocking-
the-full-life-cycle-value-from-connected-car-data)
3. GSMA Intelligence, February 2021 (https://www.gsmaintelligence.com/data/)
4. SBD Automotive: "Connected Services Forecast," 2020 (https://www.sbdautomotive.com/en/connected-services-forecast-report)
5. M. Muehleisen, “Automotive Trials for Make-Before-Break 5G Edge Cloud Handover – Results and Takeaways from Joint Trials of Toyota, Vodafone and Ericsson at the
Aldenhoven Testing Center,” 2020 (https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Maciej-Keynote-CLEEN-Workshop-Published.pdf)
Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this whitepaper are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the GSMA or its subsidiaries. © 2021
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