Ancillary Services dena INNOVATION REPORT - Actual achievements and actions needed at present for stable operation of the electric power system up ...
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dena INNOVATION REPORT Ancillary Services Actual achievements and actions needed at present for stable operation of the electric power system up to 2030
Table of contents
Summary
The innovation report analyses the
present state and future capability
of ancillary services. pp. 4 – 5
The energy transition presents new
demands for ancillary services.
What are ancillary services?
What are ancillary services products?
Six key topics
Specific challenges for innovation
in ancillary services
Objectives of the dena ancillary
services platform
Current status and upcoming innovations
Achievements of the dena ancillary
pp. 6 –15 services platform
‘Green Access’ research project
Balancing power from
wind turbines
Battery bulk storage systems
for ancillary services
Practical examples: Reactive power management
Examples of best practice for innovative Decentralised energy supply
applications of ancillary services pp. 16 – 23
Environmental analysis: Annexes
Overview of key projects and activities
in the field of ancillary services
pp. 24 – 41 pp. 42 – 47
Table of contents 3
Summary
The pace of continuous
development of ancillary services
must be sustained.
The energy transition is characterised by a constantly increasing percentage of electricity being produced by
decentralised renewable energy facilities. To a large extent, the security and stability of electricity supplies
depend on whether it will also be possible to continue developing ancillary services in the future, and to adapt
them to future demands.
In this Innovation Report, the dena ancillary services platform as a consequence could lead to blackouts. The provision of re-
sets out the present state of development and need for action in active power also demands action, particularly from the point
the area of ancillary services, in order to provide players in the of view of macroeconomically cost-effective configuration.
field with orientation during the transformation of the electric
power system. The individual areas of activity are developing Besides the provision of ancillary services, the demands on
dynamically, and therefore require constant, vigilant evaluation. the grid connection and operation have important functions
for the preservation of system security. Here it is particularly a
For example, while development in the fields of balancing power question of compliance with the European regulatory frame-
and short-circuit current contributions is on target – according to works and network codes.
our present knowledge – a need for action is already becoming
apparent in the area of instantaneous reserve. Here risks have
been identified, particularly in a system-split scenario, which
4 Summary
1 2 3
Securing economically Continuing to develop Developing techno-
affordable provision interfaces between logical alternatives
for all players TSOs, DSOs and plant for the provision of
operators instantaneous reserve
The use of ancillary service products Decentralised power generating plants Before the operating reserve can be
entails costs for both grid and plant op- are becoming increasingly responsible activated, the rotating masses of conven-
erators. In the course of its further techni- for stability in the electricity grid. These tional power stations cushion the effect
cal development, the associated economic plants are almost all connected to the of frequency fluctuations. This property
questions must also be answered. distribution grid. Especially when system is therefore essential for the stability of
Analyses must be carried out to determine stability is concerned, e.g. balancing the electric power system. If the running
what costs arise for players through an power or redispatch, the interfaces times of conventional power stations
enhanced provision of ancillary services. between providers and all network levels continue to decrease in future, this func-
Regulatory frameworks must be designed affected must be improved. These improve- tion can be taken over by the frequency
in such a way that the type of provision ments include new processes and converters of renewable energy facilities.
chosen makes most sense, both techni- data interfaces. To this end, existing solutions must be
cally and economically. further researched, and their capacity
for use in the network system must be
tested.
Summary 5
Current status and
upcoming innovations
The energy transition presents new demands
for ancillary services
The energy transition is bringing about a With the energy transition, the quota of Here ancillary services take on a particular
radical transformation of electricity sup- decentralised energy producers such as significance. These are used by grid op-
ply in Germany. Renewable energy sour- photovoltaic systems in the distribution erators to keep the frequency, voltage and
ces (RES) are being developed, while the grid has increased considerably, while by power loading in the grid within approved
market share of conventional, controllable contrast the number of large power sta- limits, or to return them to their normal
power stations is increasingly diminishing. tions in the high and ultra-high voltage range after malfunctions.
grid is on the decline.
This has direct effects on stable grid The ‘Ancillary Services’ Innovation Report
operation. Electricity generation is becoming increas- presents the developments in this field
ingly based on millions of small systems over the past three years, and specifies the
Volatile electricity provided by wind or sun rather than a few hundred large-scale action required at present to make the grid
results in widely variable load flow situa- power plants. At the same time, electricity sustainable. At the same time, it describes
tions in grids. At the same time, there is consumers expect increasing flexibility. suitable measures for realising a secure
a tendency for the distances electricity These developments present a major and stable electricity supply. Additionally,
is transported to increase, for example challenge for energy systems, but also the Innovation Report provides an over-
because the wind turbines supplying the harbour opportunities, and could be- view of the broader landscape of research
needs of the whole of Germany are pre- come drivers for innovation in the and development that is concerned with
dominantly located in North Germany. electricity grid infrastructure. this important topic for the future.
6 Current status and upcoming innovations
‘The high quality of supply in the electrical
power system can only be sustained through
innovations in the field of ancillary services.’
Hannes Seidl, Head of Division Energy Systems and Energy Services,
Deutsche Energie-Agentur (dena) – German Energy Agency
Current status and upcoming innovations 7
What are ancillary services?
To guarantee the high quality, reliability and security of electricity transmission and distribution, grid operators are increasingly
adopting measures to keep frequency, voltage and load of grid operating equipment within the approved limits, or return them to
the normal range after malfunctions. These ancillary services are absolutely crucial to the operational reliability of electrical energy
supply. Within ancillary services, a distinction is made between operational management, frequency control, voltage control und
system restoration.
Providing ancillary services alone is not enough to guarantee the stability of the electric power system. An additional important
aspect – and an equally complex one – is controlling malfunctions. This topic is not the focus of the present Innovation Report,
but many aspects of it will be addressed here.
Operational management Frequency control
Definition: Definition:
For grid operators, the tasks which fall under the Frequency control is carried out by the transmission
heading of ‘operational management’ are: organising system operators. They have the responsibility for
secure grid operation, continuously monitoring and keeping electricity generation and consumption pre-
controlling the electricity grid (including generation cisely balanced at all times, which is an indispensable
and the load) for threshold violations (e.g. current flow requirement for stable grid operation. For this purpose,
overloads). The objective is to guarantee secure opera- the transmission system operators use the inherent
tion of the entire power supply system. property of the system (up to now) known as ‘instanta-
neous reserve’, and procure balancing energy through
Essential products and processes: tendering.
Feed-in management,
Redispatch/congestion management, Essential products and processes:
Utilisation of reserve power plants, Instantaneous reserve1
Operational planning/shutdown planning Primary balancing capacity,
Data and information exchange (e.g. cascades) Secondary balancing capacity,
Planning utilisation of flexibility Minute reserve capacity
Control of flexibilities beyond grid levels
1
See list of footnotes, p. 46
8 Current status and upcoming innovations
What are ancillary services products?
Grid operators use ancillary service products and a multitude of processes for providing the four ancillary services of operational
management, frequency control, voltage control and system restoration. Ancillary service products are sourced from the grid
operators’ operating resources, but also from grid users, i.e. through power generating units or flexible loads.
The use of the term ‘product’ does not necessarily imply that remuneration is or should be provided for the ancillary service product.
For example, remuneration is paid for the best-known ancillary service product, balancing power. By contrast, on the basis of stipula-
tions in the technical connection conditions, reactive power is provided free of remuneration in Germany.
Voltage control System restoration
Definition: Definition:
With regard to voltage control, the responsibility of the In the event of a large-scale power failure, the trans-
transmission and distribution system operators is to mission system operators, in collaboration with the
maintain the grid voltage in their respective grid areas distribution system operators, must be able to restore
within a range that is permissible for the voltage quality. the supply of electrical energy in the shortest time
possible by means of system restoration.
Essential products and processes:
Transformer gradation and switchover Essential products and processes:
Provision and control of reactive power Black start capacity
Control of power generating plants Capacity for island operation
Switching of grid operating equipment Coordination beyond grid levels
Short-circuit current contributions
Current status and upcoming innovations 9
Six key topics
As part of the dena Study ‘Ancillary Services 2030’ I
six key areas for development were identified:
Operational management
Balancing power (sub-topic of frequency control)
Instantaneous reserve (sub-topic of frequency control)
Reactive power (sub-topic of voltage control)
Short-circuit current contribution (sub-topic of voltage control)
System restoration
The key development areas of operational management, oper-
ating reserve, reactive power and system restoration may be
subsumed as a whole under the topic of ancillary services, where-
as instantaneous reserve and short-circuit current contribu-
tion transcend this topic, since they also play an important role
in cases of malfunction.
I
See list of publications, pp. 44-45
10 Current status and upcoming innovations1 2
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Current status and upcoming innovations 11Specific challenges for
innovation in ancillary services
Operational management Since the number of balancing power providers connected to
the distribution grid will increase, this might result in interactions
For a diverse range of reasons, the increasing proportion of renew- between local bottlenecks and grid security measures (e.g. cho-
able energy sources in the electricity system is leading to increas- king of power generating plants because of local overloading)
ing complexity in the electricity grid. Mastering this complexity and the recall of balancing power. Avoiding this might make
is one of the decisive challenges in the ongoing development of additional co-ordination between transmission grid, distribution
operational management. grid and plant operators necessary.
Moreover, the majority of renewable energy facilities in Germany The objective is to provide balancing power at any time
deliver an input that depends on the weather, predicting which is securely, reliably, efficiently and in sufficient quantity.
beset with uncertainties. This leads to frequently changing, not
always predictable power generation and load flow situations in
the transmission and distribution grids, which at present the grid Instantaneous reserve
operators can only control by means of a significant increase in
targeted system interventions. For example, local bottlenecks in At the moment, rapid frequency fluctuations are being cushioned
the distribution grid are avoided by means of congestion manage- by the inertia of rotating masses of machine assemblies (turbine
ment. If the input in areas remote from the load centre is particu- generator systems), which is an inherent property of the electrici-
larly high, then redispatch in the transmission grid may addition- ty system. This happens at the moment the frequency changes, in
ally be required, since the transmission capacities are not other words before balancing can take place via operating reserve,
sufficiently developed yet. Further reasons for the increase in and is therefore essential for the stability of the electric power
complexity are the wider options in future for more actively system. Turbine generator systems are found in all conventional
integrating prosumers into the market, as well as the integration power generating plants, including hydroelectric power stations
of additional industries and sectors into the electric power and pumped-storage plants. The centrifugal masses of the large
system as part of a cross-sectoral, integrated energy transition. power station machine assemblies are used to input or output de-
ficient or surplus energy in a matter of milliseconds, thereby main-
The overall objective is system control that is also man- taining the power balance until the operating reserve is deployed.
ageable and reliable in future, despite increasing complexity. In this way, the inertia of the rotating masses prevents rapid
changes of frequency.
Balancing power Owing to market conditions, however, in future the running times
of conventional power stations will be reduced. This means that
Because of the falling operating times at conventional power sta- future renewable energy facilities must be able to meet the de-
tions, in future the demand for balancing power will increasingly mand for instantaneous reserve. Besides this, studies show that
need to be met by alternative providers such as electricity stor- significant stability problems can already occur today in the event
age systems, renewable energy facilities and flexible power loads. of a system split3, because it is not possible to guarantee suffi-
In order to be better integrated into the balancing energy market, cient inertia for system stability in every grid region at all times.VI
weather-dependent providers, such as wind and photovoltaic
systems, need shorter periods of time between tender and The objective in this case is to keep sufficient instanta-
provision so that they can predict the operating reserve potential neous reserve available at all times, so as to be able to
of the plants more precisely, as well as short product time slices2, guarantee system stability in normal operation and also in
so that they can offer more than just the minimum over the entire the event of a wide-ranging system split.
time period when input capacity varies. However, when adapting
the regulatory frameworks to the balancing energy market, the
guiding principle must always be that the balancing energy can
be provided securely and reliably.
12 Current status and upcoming innovationsReactive power In the case of a facility which feeds the grid via a frequency convert-
er, the increased short-circuit current does not arise, since the fre-
Electricity grids are basically configured in such a way that reac- quency converter inputs the prescribed power at all times. In the
tive power is available to maintain the prescribed voltage ranges. distribution grid, therefore, it is necessary to adapt the protection
As a whole, the demand for reactive power in the grids is in- concepts to these new demands. The digital protective technol-
creasing. The reasons for this are to be found in the lengthening ogy available for this purpose is highly advanced, and can be used
transport paths that result from the decoupling of power gen- flexibly. Radically new protective principles for high and ultra-high
eration and consumption centres, the local voltage increases that voltage are in the development phase (e.g. travelling wave analysis)
result from connecting several decentralised power generating or are being researched.
plants in the distribution grid, and in the increasing proportion
of cabling in the distribution grid. The objective is being able to securely identify and rectify
malfunctions in every grid situation in the future as well.
The increasing demand for reactive power can be met through
the grid operators’ operating resources, but also by decentral-
ised power generation plants. In addition to this, the reduction System restoration
in conventional power stations’ operating times also leads to a
reduced supply of reactive power from these facilities, for which According to current regulations, in the event of a complete
alternative providers must compensate. or widespread power failure in the European integrated grid,
system restoration is implemented on the basis of a central
The challenge this presents is to develop control concepts that concept. This involves starting up small- to medium-sized
permit the coordinated use of reactive power potential from a (50–150 MW) gas turbines and hydroelectric power stations in
multitude of provision options, and if necessary to make the po- the transmission grid that are capable of black start, each of
tential from subordinate grid levels available to superordinate which forms an individual microgrid at the start of the grid resto-
grid levels by adjusting specific values at the transfer points be- ration process. In the subsequent course of the system restoration,
tween them.4 Additionally, the provision of reactive power entails large power stations (> 500 MW) are additionally connected.
costs for all stakeholders (grid and plant operators), which can These are not capable of black start, but are started up via smal-
therefore impact on the cost-effectiveness of facilities. The chal- ler power stations that have this capacity. Simultaneously with
lenge in this case is to solve the question of how reactive power the connection of additional power generation capacity, loads
can be configured so as to be macroeconomically optimised and are added. On the basis of this, the microgrids that were created
economically affordable for all stakeholders. in the course of restoration are successively synchronised and
connected.
The objective is to efficiently maintain voltage ranges and
the reactive power balance at all voltage levels. In many distribution grids up to the low voltage level, not just
consumers but also producers are already connected today.
For example, a house can function as a producer and a consum-
Short-circuit current contribution er. Therefore, in order to know the extent to which electricity
consumption or generation must be supplemented during grid
A sufficient supply of short-circuit current contribution needs to restoration before connecting additional grid areas, the weather
be available to ensure that short-circuit events are safely regis- situation and other forecasts relevant to generation must be
tered by the corresponding protective devices, to guarantee the incorporated in the system restoration concept. In addition
transient (i.e. temporary) stability of electrical assemblies, and to to this, to achieve a controlled grid restoration, the communica-
restrict the voltage drop to an area as small as possible if a failure tions technology option of intentionally choking the electricity
occurs. However, the short circuit power must not be unaccep- generation from decentralised generation systems is required,
tably high, as otherwise operating resources could be damaged in order to avoid load changes that are difficult to predict before
in the event of a malfunction, and power switches may not be able or after reconnecting grid lines.
to disconnect securely. As a result of the energy transition, future
facilities will increasingly be feeding into the grid via frequency The objective is to further develop the centralised system
converters. However, because of their magnetic flow, during short- restoration concept, so that when additional grid areas
circuit events synchronous generators deliver an increased short- are connected, changing load flows caused by the input of
circuit current, which triggers a shutdown by the protective devices. decentralised energy units can be taken into account.
Current status and upcoming innovations 13Companies Input
Research projects
Science
Questions Pilot facilities
dena-Platform
Associations
Experiences
Politics TSOs
DSOs
Generators
Manuf
Partners of dena ancillary services platform
Objectives
of the dena ancillary services platform
The ‘Ancillary Services’ Innovation Report is informed by the ex- The dena ancillary services platform brings together key players
pertise of the cross-sectoral dena ancillary services platform, in in the sector and sets processes of discussion and change in mo-
which market players, associations and the Federal Ministry for tion. As part of this, it identifies relevant areas of activity and con-
Economic Affairs and Energy are represented. dena has set up the tributes to a reassessment of processes and risks – for example,
Platform with the aim of actively influencing the way in which an- with the ‘Instantaneous Reserve 2030’ report initiated by the Plat-
cillary services develop up to 2030 and pressing ahead with the form.VI Moreover, it also sheds light on economic questions rela-
ancillary services roadmap, to which the present Innovation Re- ted to the provision of ancillary services and quantifies them, for
port makes reference.II The tasks of the platform include: example through the Platform activities ‘Economically affordable
provision of reactive power: a stakeholder process’IV and ‘Report
continuously recording and evaluating ongoing activities in on the development of a procedure for the quantitative assess-
the field of ancillary services, ment of different options for the provision of reactive power’.X
pooling key projects and institutions in this field,
developing process standards for the coordination of trans- Its multi-stakeholder approach makes the Platform a solution-
mission grid, distribution grid and plant operators, and oriented sectoral forum for an efficient exchange of ideas between
consolidating and communicating results and recommenda- different market perspectives. This is important, because ancillary
tions for action to politicians and experts. services not only possess fundamental importance for the areas
of responsibility of regulated grid operators, but also for market
players such as producers, suppliers or consumers, and only in
this way can sustainable solutions for the energy system of the
future be developed.
14 Current status and upcoming innovationsOutput Authorities
Approaches to solutions
Politics
Recommended courses of action
Ancillary Services
Professional public
Challenges
dena
VDE FNN
BMWi Forum for cross-stakeholder discussions on questions
acturer of present and future stable system operation
Achievements
of the dena ancillary services platform
1 2 3
Promoting political/ Initiating research Recommending
regulatory decision- and pilot projects courses of action
making in key topic areas
Including: Including: Including:
Recommended courses of action for Piloting the reactive power manage- Identifying problems and developing
balancing power are implemented ment investigated in the dena study approaches to solutions for the TSO/
Contribution of alternative providers ‘SDL 2030’ DSO interface
for ancillary services is recognised in On the basis of the findings of the Defining stakeholder positions and
discussion paper ‘Electricity 2030’ of report on instantaneous reserve, the design options for economically af-
the Federal Ministry for Economic research project ‘Grid regulation 2.0’ fordable provision of reactive power
Affairs and Energy (BMWi) was initiated and applied for
Current status and upcoming innovations 15Practical examples
Examples of best practice for innovative applications of ancillary services:
‘Green Access’ research Reactive power
project management
Balancing power from Decentralised energy
wind turbines supply
Battery bulk storage
systems for ancillary
services
16 Practical examplesBest-practice projects
‘Green Access’ research project
The energy transition – including the grid capacities and prevent restrictive We are working together in an overarching
integration of decentralised power congestion. consortium of new partners in order to
generating plants into the grid, the bring on board a wide range of expertise
opportunities of electromobility and many In this it builds on existing technologies and develop efficient, sustainable
current developments based on intelligent of modern grid control but, at the same operational control concepts for modern
grids – presents the energy supply system time, also considers the medium and distribution grids.
with new challenges in the areas of expan- low voltage grid in combination.
sion of the power grid and secure, reliable
distribution grid operation. We are excited about the interaction be-
tween the different control systems and
The aim of the ‘Green Access’ project is to components. I find it particularly exciting
show how intelligent automation of the that, in addition, we are developing an
distribution grid can best exploit existing adaptive, self-learning system that adjusts
itself autonomously to changes in the grid
structure.
Contact:
EWE NETZ GmbH
Cloppenburger Str. 302
26133 Oldenburg, Germany
Tel.: +49 (0)441 4808-0 Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kumm
Email: info@ewe-netz.de Grid management Electricity and
telecommunications Strategic grid
www.ewenetz.de development EWE NETZ GmbH
Best-practice projects 17Best-practice projects
Balancing power from ENERCON wind turbines
Handing over responsibility for the system, and the macroeconomic benefits of this Moreover the integration should not just
in the form of balancing power, to onshore procedure in the pilot projects. be limited to minute reserve, but include
wind energy forms one of the key building all types of operating reserve and other
blocks of the energy transition. As a system- It is now the task of legislators and the ancillary services.
relevant power station, wind energy can transmission system operators to make
help guarantee a stable grid and reduce complete integration into the operating
conventional minimum generation – as reserve market possible, and to support the
long as the necessary framework con- system change on the basis that providing
ditions are created. operating reserve from the distribution
grid is also possible, and that renewable
It has already been possible to demon- energy sources und onshore wind power
strate the technical suitability of wind plants can enjoy access to the operating
energy for providing operating reserve reserve market without discrimination.
Contact:
ENERCON Limited Liability Company
Dreekamp 5
26605 Aurich,Germany
Tel.: +49 (0)49 41 927-0
Email: info@enercon.de
Andreas Linder
www.enercon.de Sales – Grid Integration
Enercon GmbH
18 Best-practice projectsBest-practice projects
WWF Solar: bulk storage system with 50 MWh
for ancillary services
Located in Eberswalde, Germany, and specialising in integrating By using the Vanadium Redox Flow technology, the storage
renewable energy sources into the grid, WWF Solar GmbH and its system is able to cover all three areas of control. However,
American partner UniEnergy Technologies – the manufacturer of it is mainly suited for the secondary balancing capacity field,
Vanadium Redox Flow storage systems – have begun building a and therefore will be the first storage system in the secondary
bulk storage system for providing secondary balancing capacity. balancing capacity.
Near AK Berlin Berlin-Schönefeld, Königs Wusterhausen The Vanadium Redox Flow storage system will go into service in
OT Niederlehme, a multi-purpose power station is being the first quarter of 2018. This will initiate the next step in storage
constructed to provide ancillary services for the transmission systems of this size. Up to now, battery storage systems have
system operators of the German control area in the high only been found in primary balancing capacity.
voltage grid. For this purpose, 25 Vanadium Redox Flow
Storage Systems with a power of 12,500 kW and a capacity If the switch to renewable energy sources is to be successful, we
of 50,000 kWh are being used. An additional component of must be in a position to disconnect conventional power stations
the project is a photovoltaic system of around 3,800 kWp, entirely when sufficient renewable energy is input,’ says Patrick
which is being built on an area of around 8 ha, disjunctively von Hertzberg, Founder and CEO of WWF Solar. The Eberswalde-
to the storage system. based company has undertaken the development of the battery
storage in partnership with the manufacturers of the storage
The connection to the grid will be effected via the power system, and now delivers the plants ready for use.
station’s own transformer station (20kV/110kV, 50kVA) to the
110-kV lines of the distribution system operator E.DIS AG, about The supplier, UniEnergy Technologies from Seattle, guarantees
1 km away, and thereby to their four clients, the transmission the performance of the Vanadium Redox Flow storage systems
system operators (TSOs) 50Hertz, Amprion, TenneT and employed for the next 20 years.
Transnet BW.
Dr. rer. nat. Frank Wiegandt
The purpose of the plant is to supply the TSOs in the German CTO, WWF Solar GmbH
control area with ancillary services in the form of positive and
negative operating reserve in the event of imbalances in the
transmission grid caused by unforeseen incidents in electricity
generation (power station failure, meteorological events,
general planning uncertainty), as well as in electricity demand Contact:
(important television programmes, meteorological events). WWF SOLAR GmbH
Mühlenstrasse
Within the synchronous integrated electricity grid in Europe 16227 Eberswalde, Germany
(ENTSO-E), power fluctuations are equalised in a three-stage Tel.: +49 (0)3334 55 29 00
control procedure, involving primary balancing capacity, Email: info@wwfsolar.de
secondary balancing capacity and minute operating reserve.
www.wwfsolar.de
Best-practice projects 19Best-practice projects
Mitnetz: Reactive power management –
a key component of ancillary services
Ancillary services are essential requirements for secure and This challenge can be met by means of a reactive power
reliable grid operation. In the past, they were to a large extent management system. The opportunity exists to provide the
derived from conventional power stations. For example, these reactive power generation needed for voltage control largely
power stations contributed to the voltage control of the grid by from decentralised sources. The key requirement is that the
means of variable reactive power generation or reactive power range of controllable reactive power sources on offer should
voltage regulation. be as wide as possible. With the growth of decentralised power
generating plants, but also with the constant development of
The transition to renewable energy sources is leading to a change decentralised storage technologies and new technologies on
of granularity, to a marked inhomogeneity of power generation in the consumer side, the potential for reactive power is constantly
terms of space and time, and therefore is having radical effects on expanding.
the provision of ancillary services.
MITNETZ STROM has already integrated an actively control-
lable reactive power potential of -280 MVAR (cap) to 230 MVAR
(ind.) into the active reactive power management system. The
reactive power generation of plants is varied from the central
grid control centre according to the current load situation.
20 Best-practice projectsIn this way, not only is compliance with operational limits In the ARGE programme of the Local Grid Operators East, all
coordinated between the voltage levels of the distribution distribution system operators have united under one control
grid, but also measures for static voltage control at the points zone and adopted a common solution for these problems.
of connection with the ultra-high voltage grid are organised Processes for active reactive power management have already
on a superregional basis. This procedure can also be carried been agreed in partnership with the transmission system operator
out analogously for subordinate grid levels, e.g. by aggregating 50Hertz Transmission, thereby guaranteeing a unified and
available potential from the medium voltage grid at the point of collectively coordinated procedure. In this way, it was possible
connection with the high voltage grid. to realise an important precondition for effective use of the
ancillary service potential available from decentralised sources.
Contact:
Mitteldeutsche Netzgesellschaft mbH
Industriestrasse 10
06184 Kabelsketal, Germany
Tel.: +49 (0)345 216-0
Email: info@mitnetz-strom.de
www.mitnetz-strom.de
Best-practice projects 21Best-practice projects
Siemens: Wildpoldsried – how decentralised
energy supply works
Microgrid with added value This is why, in Wildpoldsried in the Allgäu region, the IREN2
research project is investigating innovative grid structures
Around the world, the proportion of renewable sources in the that are dominated by distributed power generation, and the
energy supply is increasing. Expanding their use further depends economic and technical aspects of controlling these systems.
not just on economic and political factors, but on technological
ones as well. In the long term, the proportion of fossil fuels The key objectives of the project are:
– mostly centralised – will have to fall. Demand will be met Operating a microgrid as an autarchic standalone network –
more and more by renewable facilities – mostly decentralised. disconnected from the superordinate distribution grid
At the same time, the high levels of security and cost-efficiency Using a microgrid as a topological power station to provide
of supply will have to remain constant. ancillary services
Stabilised, economically optimised grid operation
Besides Siemens, Allgäuer Überlandwerk GmbH/Allgäu-Netz GmbH
& Co. KG, RWTH Aachen University, Kempten University and ID.KOM
Contact: Networks GmbH are all involved in the project. It is being funded by
Dr Michael Metzger the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy.
Siemens AG CT REE ENS
80200 Munich, Germany The local community of Wildpoldsried in Allgäu generates five
times as much energy from renewable sources as it consumes
itself – from biogas, solar power and wind power. The local grid,
therefore, must cope with bidirectional energy flows and major
fluctuations.
22 Best-practice projectsHowever, thanks to intelligent grid planning, implementation A particular challenge is stabilising the grid during black start, in
of measurement technology at critical points and controllable other words grid restoration ‘from below’, and during resynchroni-
grid components such as local network stations, it was possible sation with the main grid when the microgrid is reconnected after
to avoid high investments in expansion of the power grid and standalone operation. In addition to delivering internal stability,
comprehensive measurement technology. the Wildpoldsried microgrid is designed to function as a topolo-
gical power plant, supplying services to secure system stability
The available structures form an ideal basis for further research. in the superordinate grid. By means of these ancillary services,
In collaboration with its consortium partners, Siemens plans to for certain periods it can completely replace conventional power
show that a grid of this type, incorporating a high proportion of stations. For this purpose, the control technology enables the
renewable generating sources, can also run autarchicly. And, output of renewable generating sources to be authoritatively
moreover, to demonstrate how it can even replace large-scale predicted and intelligently planned and controlled.
power plants for periods, by delivering ancillary services to the
superordinate main grid. What the microgrid carries out as a topological power plant:
It predicts the potential for ancillary services.
If ancillary services are agreed upon, the microgrid must
The solution be able to deliver them at any time.
A control system ensures that the divided facilities supply
In Wildpoldsried, renewable and conventional generating sources ancillary services in additional to normal operation.
form a hybrid structure. In the test area, photovoltaic roof installa-
tions and a biogas combined heat and power plant were supple-
mented by two diesel aggregates and a lithium ion storage system. The benefits for Wildpoldsried and
The grid is equipped with a measurement and control infrastruc- microgrids worldwide
ture and controllable transformers. Siemens control technologies
– Microgrid Manager and Hybrid Power Plant Control – are respon- The IREN2 research project in Wildpoldsried shows that supply
sible for the central control and regulation of all units. Their main grids incorporating a high proportion of renewable generating
task is to keep the grid stable in real-time operation. sources can be operated stably and cost-effectively.
This includes voltage and frequency control, and providing
short circuit power within the microgrid.
Best-practice projects 23Environmental
analysis
Studies/research projects related
to the topic of ancillary services
Status Title/ Responsible parties Lifespan/ Short link
description publication
SysDL 2.0 – ancillary services DREWAG NETZ GmbH (DREWAG. project manage- Oct 2014 – goo.gl/gQ6vGc
from local distribution grids ment), TU Dresden – Chair for Energy Industry Mar 2018
(EE2), TU Dresden – Institute for Electrical Energy
Supply and High Voltage Technology (IEEH), ENSO
NETZ GmbH, Siemens AG – Corporate Technology,
Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy
Systems Technology (Fraunhofer IWES), Mittel-
deutsche Netzgesellschaft Strom mbH (MITNETZ),
University of Kassel, Faculty of Electrical Engineer-
ing and Computer Science, 50Hertz Transmission
GmbH (50Hertz), F&S Prozessautomatisation
GmbH, Thüringer Energienetze GmbH (TEN,
associated), DNV GL (associated)
dena Study ‘Ancillary Services dena (product management), TU Dortmund Univer- Feb 2014 bit.ly/2SQFJgn
2030’: security and reliability sity, 50Hertz, ABB AG, Amprion GmbH (Amprion),
of a power supply with a high BELECTRIC Solar Power Plants GmbH (BELECTRIC),
percentage of renewable E.DIS AG, ENERCON GmbH (ENERCON), EWE NETZ
energy. GmbH (EWE NETZ), MITNETZ, N-ERGIE Netz GmbH
(N-ERGIE), Netze BW GmbH, SMA Solar Technology
Roadmap, dena Study AG (SMA), TenneT TSO GmbH (TenneT), TransnetBW
‘Ancillary Services 2030’ GmbH (TransnetBW), Westnetz GmbH (Westnetz),
Younicos AG
24 Environmental analysiscompleted ongoing
Conventional minimum Consentec, on behalf of the German TOS Jan 2016 goo.gl/HfE7rg
generation – classification,
current status and prospec-
tive treatment
REserviceS: Economic grid EWEA (Projektleitung), EPIA, 3E N.V., VIT, April 2012 – goo.gl/rSvbZh
support from variable rene- Fraunhofer IWES, acciona, UCD, DTU, EDSO, Sep 2014
wables Mainstream, SMA, GE
Environmental analysis 25Pilot facilities and demonstration projects for
alternative provision of ancillary services
Status Title/ Responsible parties Lifespan/ Short link
description publication
‘Intelligent Energy Showcase’ Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy since Feb 2015 goo.gl/KaZN7r
funding programme – (BMWi)
digital agenda for the energy
transition (SINTEG)
Smart Country – intelligent RWE Deutschland AG (RWE, project management), since July 2009 goo.gl/m55wN5
grid concepts for rural areas ABB AG, TU Dortmund University, Consentec
SWARM – Storage With N-ERGIE, Caterva April 2015 – goo.gl/5LUXut
Amply Redundant Megawatt Dec 2017
Smart Operator – local, RWE (project management), Hoppecke, Horle Mann, 2012 – 2015 goo.gl/AU3f1v
intelligent grid control University of Twente, RWTH Aachen University,
Stiebel Eltron, PSI AG
Smart Area Aachen – Stawag (project management), RWTH Aachen 2012 – goo.gl/UoTcrT
innovative solutions and University, ABB AG, Research Community for July 2016
operating resources for Electrical Installations and Electrical Industry (FGH),
the distribution grid of SPIE SAG GmbH (SAG), TU Dortmund University,
the future MR, Kisters, Nexans Power Accessories Germany
GmbH (Nexans), BET, PSI AG, DKE in VDE, ptj
FLOW-R – flexible local grid Pfalzwerke Netz AG (project management), TU Oct 2014 – goo.gl/MYHHfU
voltage and active power Kaiserslautern, Power Plus Communications AG Sep 2017
controller (Power Plus), Pfalzwerke AG, Walcher GmbH & Co. KG
Battery storage systems for Statkraft Feb 2016 goo.gl/PFGKus
stabilising the electricity
grid/Statkraft
Dresden Battery Park Younicos AG, DREWAG, LG Chem und Nidec June 2014 – goo.gl/5RmMTF
March 2015
26 Environmental analysiscompleted ongoing
Status Title/ Responsible parties Lifespan/ Short link
description publication
Provision of operating Younicos AG, WEMAG Netz GmbH (WEMAG) Sep 2013 – goo.gl/rJDcNJ
reserve from battery Sep 2014
(Expanded
mid-2017)
INEES – Intelligent grid Volkswagen AG (project management) June 2012 – goo.gl/g8EpcE
connection of electric ve- Fraunhofer IWES, LichtBlick SE, SMA May 2015
hicles to provide ancillary
services
iNES – Intelligent distribution SAG (project management), 2011 – 2013 goo.gl/mNhriS
grid management system University of Wuppertal (BUW),
Mainova AG, Bilfinger Mauell GmbH (Bilfinger)
IRENE: ‘Integrating Regen- Allgäuer Überlandwerke GmbH 2011 – 2013 goo.gl/GR5aj5
erative Energy sources and (AÜW, project management),
Electromobility’ Siemens AG, Kempten University,
RWTH Aachen University
Combined power plant 2 Fraunhofer IWES (project management), Sep 2011 – goo.gl/BVy1QL
– secure electricity supply Cube Engineering, DWD, ENERCON, Ökobit GmbH, Aug 2014
from 100% renewable Leibniz University Hannover, Siemens AG, SMA,
energy sources Solarworld Agency for Renewable Energy Sources
(Solarworld)
PV-integrated – Integrating Fraunhofer IWES (project management), Oct 2010 – goo.gl/swu1Ac
large percentage of photo- SMA, Bosch Power Tec GmbH (Bosch), Dec 2014
voltaics into electrical ener- juwi Energieprojekte GmbH, Bayernwerk AG
gy supply: new procedure
for planning and operating
distribution grids
SDL-Batt: Stabilising the grid Brandenburg University of Technology March 2013 – goo.gl/NU1Y1m
by means of battery power Cottbus-Senftenberg (BTU Cottbus, project Feb 2016
stations management), Energiequelle GmbH, 50Hertz
Environmental analysis 27Studies/research projects focused
on frequency control
Status Title/ Responsible parties Lifespan/ Short link
description publication
Focused on balancing power
PV regulation – developing SMA, TU Braunschweig (Elenia), GewiI AG, Aug 2014 – goo.gl/yfFkcv
concepts and solutions for associated partners: Amprion, TenneT, July 2018
providing operating reserve TransnetBW, 50Hertz
from photovoltaic plants
ReWP – operating reserve Fraunhofer IWES, ENERPARC AG Aug 2014 – goo.gl/vMeoKb
from wind and photovol- Dec 2016
taic parks
Reserve markets in IAEW/RWTH Aachen University, ZEW Sep 2013 – goo.gl/RozgWu
transition – new concepts Dec 2016
for greater supply security
(ReWal)
arrivee – wastewater TU Kaiserslautern (project management), Wupper- April 2014 – goo.gl/f2g4Yg
purification plants as verbandsgesellschaft für integrale Wasserwirtschaft March 2017
control units in intelligent (WiW) mbh [Wupper association for integral water
distribution grids with industry], Radevormwald Utilities Services GmbH,
renewable energy iGas GmbH, ITB gGmbH, Leibniz Institute for Regional
production Development and Structural Planning, University of
Wuppertal
Description of operating Consentec, on behalf of German TSOs Feb 2014 goo.gl/HfE7rg
reserve concepts and
operating reserve market
Dynamic provision of Fraunhofer IWES (project management), TenneT March 2013 – goo.gl/qdiwyJ
operating reserve Feb 2015
requirements
Survey on Ancillary Services ENTSO-E May 2016 goo.gl/9XeZHA
Procurement and Electricity
Balancing Market
Design, 2016
28 Environmental analysiscompleted ongoing
Status Title/ Responsible parties Lifespan/ Short link
description publication
Focused on balancing power
Optimising the market Fraunhofer IWES on behalf of BEE April 2014 goo.gl/pgBy7V
conditions for operating
reserve provision by means
of renewable energy sources
– a brief study
Potential cross-border E-Bridge, IAEW/RWTH Aachen University, Oct 2014 goo.gl/bc1fx9
balancing cooperation 50Hertz, Amprion, Elia Group, TenneT
between the Belgian,
Dutch and German
electricity transmission
system operators
Providing operating reserve dena ancillary services platform: dena, 50Hertz, Nov 2015 bit.ly/2Qvkrbh
from decentralised energy Amprion, Bayernwerk AG, BMWi,E.DIS AG, E.ON AG,
plants – an analysis of needs ENERCON, Energiequelle GmbH, EWE NETZ,
for further action by the dena Main-Donau Netzgesellschaft mbH (MDN), MITNETZ,
ancillary services platform RWE, Siemens AG, SMA, TenneT, TEN, TransnetBW,
VDMA Professional Association of Power Systems
(VDMA), VGB Power Tech e. V. (VGB), Westnetz,
Younicos AG.
Balancing energy from wind Fraunhofer IWES (project management); May 2012 – goo.gl/7dhmzH
power installations ENERCON, Energiequelle GmbH, TenneT, April 2014
Amprion
Environmental analysis 29Studies/research projects focused
on frequency control
completed ongoing
Status Title/ Responsible parties Lifespan/ Short link
description publication
Focus on instantaneous reserve
Grid regulation 2.0 Fraunhofer IEE from Feb 2018 goo.gl/rooH3J
MIGRATE – Massive TenneT Jan 2016 – goo.gl/8qtK3y
InteGRATion of power Dec 2019
Electronic devices
Amses – aggregated Leibniz University Hannover (project management), Jan 2015 – goo.gl/9vcch1
models for simulating Leibniz Research Centre for Energy 2050 (LiFE 2050) March 2018
dynamic processes in
electromechanical
energy systems
Impact of reduced rotating University of Stuttgart Jan 2015 – goo.gl/LhFsMv
centrifugal masses on grid Dec 2017
operation
Effects of reduced 50Hertz, Amprion, TenneT, TransnetBW April 2014 goo.gl/kCuygd
centrifugal masses on
stable grid operation
Demand for and provision of dena ancillary services platform: dena, 50Hertz, Feb 2016 bit.ly/2RW8Cri
instantaneous reserve in Amprion, Bayernwerk AG, BMWi, E.DIS AG, E.ON AG,
2030 ENERCON, Energiequelle GmbH, EWE NETZ, MDN,
MITNETZ, RWE, Siemens AG, SMA, TenneT, TEN,
TransnetBW, VDMA, VGB, Westnetz, Younicos AG.
Specialist partners: WEMAG, STORNETIC
Contribution of centralised bofest consult GmbH on behalf of Federal May 2014 goo.gl/4Xw9Xs
and decentralised combined Association of Combined Heat and Power
heat and power generation Generation e. V.
plants for grid support
VISMA – virtual synchronous TU Clausthal, EFZN 2006 – 2011 goo.gl/pLZwut
machine
30 Environmental analysisStudies/research projects focused
on voltage control
completed ongoing
Status Title/ Responsible parties Lifespan/ Short link
description publication
IMOWEN: Integrating large Fraunhofer IWES (project management), Aug 2014 – goo.gl/nvJsvP
quantities of wind energy Avacon AG, Senvion April 2018
from in- and offshore
production into the
electricity grid by means
of intelligent grid analysis
and cluster operational
management
NEMAR – grid management Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems Nov 2014 – goo.gl/Ww3eQw
as new market role (Fraunhofer ISE), Fichtner IT Consulting, Oct 2017
seven2one, University of Stuttgart
SyNErgie – system- OTH Regensburg (project management), MDN, March 2015 – goo.gl/N2cyzb
optimised grid and MFN Mainfranken Netze GmbH, FRAKO Capacitors Feb 2018
energy management and Plant Construction GmbH, KBR GmbH
for the distribution
grids of the future
U-control – technical and TU Braunschweig (project management), FGH, Nov 2014 – goo.gl/J75YM8
economic comparison Technical University of Munich, RWTH Aachen Feb 2018
between procedures for University
static voltage control
Distribution grid 2020 – Technical University of Munich (project management), Aug 2014 – goo.gl/NCECCK
improving the carrying Grass Power Electronics GmbH, EMPURON AG, Jan 2018
capacity and ensuring the infra fürth gmbh, Power Plus, KACO new energy
grid quality of distribution GmbH, Georg Simon Ohm Technical University of
grids Nuremberg, A. Eberle GmbH & Co. KG, BMZ battery
assembly centre GmbH
Multi-PV-LVRT – verifying Fraunhofer ISE, AEG Power Solutions GmbH, May 2012 – goo.gl/uxmDWG
dynamic grid support by PV KACO New Energy GmbH, Kostal Industrie Elektrik Dec 2015
installations in the event of GmbH, Bonfiglioli-Vectron GmbH, bes new energy
malfunctions in the medium GmbH, Lti REEnergy GmbH
voltage grid
LISA – guidelines on the Pfalzwerke AG (project management), Pfalzwerke Sep 2014 – goo.gl/Mgi3ii
integration of voltage- Netz AG, IDS GmbH, FGH, Power Plus, A. Eberle June 2017
stabilising applications GmbH & Co. KG, TU Kaiserslautern – Faculty of
Energy Systems and Energy Management
Environmental analysis 31Studies/research projects focused
on voltage control
completed ongoing
Status Title/ Responsible parties Lifespan/ Short link
description publication
Future provision of reactive OTH Regensburg on behalf of the BMWi Nov 2013 – goo.gl/7ccDxv
power and other measures Sep 2016
for ensuring grid security
The contribution of industrial OTH Regensburg – Institute for Grid and Sep 2013 goo.gl/TbavAA
reactive power compensators Applications Technology (INA), on behalf of ZVEI
and consumers to an
innovative reactive power
management system in
German power supply
Behaviour of power TU Delft, on behalf of the Network Technology/ Aug 2014 goo.gl/GUez5j
generating plants Network Operation Forum (FNN) at VDE
during malfunctions
FNN study: Static voltage Network Technology/Network Operation Forum Dec 2014 goo.gl/Vu7EE2
control (FNN) at VDE
32 Environmental analysisStudies/research projects focused on
operational management
completed ongoing
Status Title/ Responsible parties Lifespan/ Short link
description publication
Focus on grid operation
FNN connection rules: Network Technology/Network Operation Forum Oct 2017 goo.gl/Em61z2
technical rules for grid (FNN) at VDE
operators’ operation and
planning – Part 1: Interface
between transmission grid
and distribution system
operators
ENSURE – New energy grid Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Sep 2016 – goo.gl/eTQd7O
structures for the energy RWTH Aachen University, Schleswig-Holstein Aug 2019
transition Netz AG, TenneT, Siemens AG, ABB AG
Green Access – intelligent EWE NETZ GmbH (project management), Jan 2015 – goo.gl/rdnqSX
distribution grid automation University of Wuppertal (BUW), BTC Business Tech- Dec 2018
to increase access for nology Consulting AG (BTC), DLR – Institute for net-
renewable energy sources worked energy systems e. V., Fraunhofer ISE, OFFIS
e. V. Institute for Information Technology (OFFIS),
PHOENIX CONTACT Energy Automation GmbH,
SMA, SAG
Advanced decentralised grid EnBW AG, Information Technology Research July 2015 – goo.gl/5u9QvE
control Centre (FZI), Landis+Gyr, Fichtner IT Consulting, June 2018
seven2one, ads-tec, University of Stuttgart,
PREdistribuce
High penetration of Fraunhofer IWES (Institute of Wind Energy and Jan 2015 – goo.gl/jsrdV9
PV-systems in electricity Energy Systems Technology) Dec 2018
grids (second work period)
IREN2 – Sustainable grids for Siemens AG (project management), July 2014 – goo.gl/TYKvaK
the integration of renewable AÜW, Kempten University, RWTH Aachen May 2018
energy systems University, IDKOM Networks GmbH
The proactive distribution RWE (project management), Dec 2014 – goo.gl/AvD6SX
grid – resource-efficient, TU Dortmund University, RWTH Aachen University, Nov 2017
optimised platform for OFFIS, BTC, Venios
RES integration and smart
market tasks using condition-
based load production and
information management
Environmental analysis 33Studies/research projects focused
on operational management
Status Title/ Responsible parties Lifespan/ Short link
description publication
Focus on grid operation
REStable Armines, Artelys, ENERCON, Fraunhofer IWES, April 2016 – goo.gl/hfKgGb
Hespul, Hydronext, INESC TEC, Maia Eolis, March 2019
Solarworld
ROSVS – Robust optimisation ProCom GmbH (project management), Oct 2014 – goo.gl/Xd7YJ5
of electricity supply systems RWTH Aachen University Dec 2016
(but still
ongoing)
Transstabil-EE – Controls for Fraunhofer IWES (project management), SMA, April 2014 – goo.gl/hHzsff
large wind and solar farms to University of Rostock, University of Kassel March 2018
maintain transient stability
in future integrated grids
PolyEnergyNet – resilient Saarlouis Utilities Services GmbH (project manage- Sep 2014 – goo.gl/hq9qMS
polygrids for secure energy ment), Technical University of Berlin, German Aug. 2017
supply Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence GmbH,
B.A.U.M. Consult GmbH, TU Darmstadt, Scheer
Management GmbH, Urban Software Institute GmbH
& Co. KG, VOLTARIS GmbH, KIT – Steinbuch Centre
for Computing (SCC), VSE Distribution Grid GmbH
NiVeAu – Grid intelligence for University of Wuppertal (BUW) (project 2013 – 2016 goo.gl/vTpe3w
distribution grid automation management), SAG, Bilfinger, Mainova AG
FNN study: Identification Network Technology/Network Operation Forum Dec 2015 goo.gl/YuEGZh
of microgrids in the low
voltage supply
Investigation of the need Consentec and Ecofys on behalf of the BMWi Dec 2013 goo.gl/ZEvY3c
for more extensive system
control to maintain system
balance
34 Environmental analysiscompleted ongoing
Status Title/ Responsible parties Lifespan/ Short link
description publication
Focus on grid operation
Stable DEA – decentralised Fraunhofer IWES (project management), April 2013 – goo.gl/J24TWS
power generating units ENERCON, TenneT, DERlab e. V. March 2016
In2VPP – Integrating Siemens AG (project management), infra fürth May 2013 – goo.gl/pTDTm7
technologically and gmbh, OFFIS, Technical University of Munich Aug 2016
economically optimised
virtual power stations
NEmo – Integrating University of Wuppertal (BUW) (project manage- May 2013 – goo.gl/EuBwzQ
electromobility and ment), SAG, Bilfinger, WSW Netz GmbH Dec 2015
renewable energy inputs
into the grid with the help
of an intelligent local grid
station
REStabil – Security and Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and March 2014 – goo.gl/BSnAFq
stability of operation for Automation (Fraunhofer IFF, project management), Dec 2014
energy distribution grids Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, MITNETZ,
through use of aggregated GETEC AG, ABO Wind AG, Sachsen-Anhalt Centre
decentralised grid for Renewable Energy Sources e. V.
components
SECVER – Security and Fraunhofer IFF (project management), Dec 2013 – goo.gl/2hC15R
reliability of distribution Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, May 2016
grids on the path to a Siemens AG, Harz Renewable Power Stations
future energy supply GmbH & Co. KG, Fraunhofer IWES, Avacon AG
system
Smart North – intelligent University of Oldenburg, OFFIS, Leibniz University March 2012 – goo.gl/CZ2gpc
grids in North Germany Hannover, TU Braunschweig, TU Clausthal, Next Feb 2015
Energy, EFZN
SPIDERS – Smart Power Collaboration of partners in the US, lead by the 2011 – 2015 goo.gl/DPkSps
Infrastructure Demonstration Department of Defense (DOD) partners include
for Energy Reliability and Department of Energy (DOE), Department of
Security Homeland Security (DHS), and individual military
services (army, marines, and navy).
Environmental analysis 35You can also read
