Rapier X-25 and Artificial Intelligence - F. Schettini, A. L. Sergiusti CESMA workshop: Artificial Intelligence (AI): autonomous
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Rapier X-25 and Artificial Intelligence
F. Schettini, A. L. Sergiusti
CESMA workshop: Artificial Intelligence (AI): autonomous
systems & robotica
Casa Aviatore, Sala Balbo 25 giugno 2019, ore 15.00
Viale dell’Università 20, Roma
Indice
➢Sky Eye Systems
➢Rapier X-25 Project
➢Rapier X-25 Payload
➢AI principles
➢AI capabilities
➢AI application on Rapier
© [2019] Sky Eye Systems S.r.l. è una società a responsabilità di diritto italiano. Tutti i diritti riservati.
2
Sky Eye Systems
Key Capabilities and Assets
Know-how Technological challenges
Ownership data Ability to design systems that meet
SES is composed of high skilled
the most stringent technological
engineers and technicians, who have
constraints both in terms of DRI
experiences in prevoius International
51,0% 49,0% (Detection Reconnaissance
Aeronautic Programs and able to
Identification) performance of the
develope proprietary Unmanned Air
sensors installed on board and in
Vehicle (FCS, aerodynamic analysis, OMA S.p.A. Gepat S.r.l. terms of aircraft performance in its
configuration and structural
homogeneity. The structure is able
optimization analysis)
to meet project needs in terms of
time, cost and quality
New materials System Testing
Development of simulators to test
Design of carbon fiber structure in
the SW proprietary flight in order to
order to guarantee minimum weight
reproduce the dynamics of all the
and high performances. Material
onboard components. The
analysis joined with aerodynamic
development of test benches for
simulations allow robust structure to
testing individual equipment and an
be carried out and radar cross
Iron Bird for integrated tests,
section to be minimized
guarantees to reduce the risks
associated with subsequent tests in
flight
© [2019] Sky Eye Systems S.r.l. è una società a responsabilità di diritto italiano. Tutti i diritti riservati.
3
Sky Eye Systems
Timeline
Path of business growth
…
Main Milestones
Gen. 2017 Mar. 2017 Dic. 2017 Ott. 2018 Nov. 2018 Dic. 2018 Mar. 2019 Giu. 2019 Dic. 2019 2019/ 2020 2020
Company Project CDR 1st Flight Iron Bird EN 9100 FTS Flight Flight 3rd Sales Development
Foundation Rapier X-25 Risk testing start Certification Test with Test Prototype start of next aircraft
Start Reduction RRP Fligh Test (Rapier X-35)
Prototype
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4
Rapier X-25
Description and Operational Use
Product description
Rapier X-25 is a remotely piloted system belonging to the SMALL UAV Class with features of surveillance, control and data sensing (sea
and ground), typical of tactical aircraft. The aircraft is equipped with innovative systems able to guarantee the operativity in hostile
environment and it is designed with optimization criteria in terms of aerodynamic efficiency, volumetric capability and structural weights in
order to guarantee high endurance (6-20 h) with payloads at the edge of technology (electro-optical and infra-red, LIDAR).
DEFENSE CIVIL / GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
The system provides synthetic information, in real time,
Tipologie Utenti
The system supports relevant types of civil / government
related to a specific and extended area allowing to missions, thanks to the possibility of installing SAR,
perform the following missions: Multispectral or Lidar sensors on board, respectively required
▪ ISR for:
▪ Route Clearance ▪ Search and Rescue
▪ Force Protection ▪ mapping of agricultural territories, burnt areas, mining
▪ Targeting areas, and areas with potential environmental impact
▪ Law Enforcement ▪ geological, seismological, disaster monitoring
▪ Pattern of life
© [2019] Sky Eye Systems S.r.l. è una società a responsabilità di diritto italiano. Tutti i diritti riservati.
5
Rapier X-25
The System
Rapier X-25 is composed of:
N. 3 Aircraft X-25 RAPIER DEMONSTRATOR REQUIREMENTS
Typical Mission - IRS (Intelligence Reconnaissance
Surveillance)
The Unmanned Air Vehicle, with an MTOW lower than 25 - Border Monitoring
kg, is designed and developed by means of optimization - Costal Surveillance
criteria in terms of aerodynamic, volumes distribution and - Long Range Surveillance
structural weight. - Search & Rescue
- Environmental Control
Range > 80 km
Standard rate of climb (ROC) > 3 m/s
2 GCS Speed Envelope 20 - 40 m/s (40-78 kts)
Max Operational Altitude ASL 4000 m
Max Operational Altitude AGL 1000 m
The Ground Station allows the aircraft and the payload to be Aircraft MTOW From 25 to 30 Kg (depending on configuration)
managed by the operator (selection of the flight operative modes and Max Endurance >8h
visualization of the data acquired by the onboard payload) Cruise Wind Limitation < 20 kts
N. 1
Catapult N. 1 Net
recovery
system
Net landing system allows aircraft to be recovered on boat or maritime
Optimized launch system based on a pneumatic
platform. This system is alternative to the configuration based on parachute
catapult
and airbag in order to support mission in hostile environment
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6
Rapier X-25
Structural Architecture
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7
Rapier X-25
Key Success factors
Development of the proprietary autopilot software,
certifiable (meets the quality requirements of the
DO178C), modular and flexible (therefore
adaptable to the entire Rapier family and
customizable according to customer needs).
FCS Control laws that can handle and compensate for
Capability to be suitable to Ownership failures to land safely. Robust software and
several operational algorithms that implement cyber attacks resilience
scenarios, included those (e.g. jamming, spoofing)
which are more challenging.
Thanks to an alternative
landing system, with
parachute and airbag or
capture net, the aircraft can
be used in the marine Operation
environment and, more Flexibility
generally, in all the critical
conditions that do not allow
a runway to be used
Performance
High endurance to obtain a wide flight
persistence for the surveillance
missions. The latest technology of the
electro-optical and radar sensors to
guarantee high performances in terms of
Detection, Recognition and Identification
(DRI)
© [2019] Sky Eye Systems S.r.l. è una società a responsabilità di diritto italiano. Tutti i diritti riservati.
8
Operational Scenarios and Payloads
Payload for «special» missions
EPSILON 140z
▪ The selected Payload for «special» mission is an electro-optical
electro-optical infra-red sensor with laser designator
manufactured by Octopus ISR Systems (Latvia), company
offering cutting-edge products
▪ This sensor offers high tactics and manned-unmanned teaming
capabilities as it features a laser illuminator and allows detection
of a high-distance target
▪ The table below shows the performance in terms of Detection
Recognition and Identification
Johnson criteria
Day Night
[km] [km]
Vehicle D 27 2,7
[m] R 8,4 0,8
2.3x2.3 I 5 0,5
Man D 20 2
[m] R 6,2 0,6
1.7x0.5 I 3,7 0,4
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9
Rapier X-25
Rapier configuration with SAR
The configuration has two patch-array antennas (TX/RX) developed for the Rapier X-25 that can be mechanically
pre-oriented
Depression angle Depression angle Depression angle
(30 deg) (20 deg) (40 deg)
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10Rapier X-25
SAR Performances
1. The radar is very low weight, has multimode capability (SAR,
Maritime, GMTI) with a range coverage of about 10 Km.
2. Transmitted waveform is a wideband frequency modulated
continuous wave (W-FMCW) to achieve very high resolution in
range and across range with a Low Probability of Intercept (LPI)
characteristics.
3. The antenna system is designed to minimize aero-dynamical drag
and radio frequency interferences.
4. Radar output are high Resolution Images that are transferred to
CGS through the data link. Smart compression algorithms
guarantee continuous operation and efficient use of the available
bandwidth.
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11Rapier X-25
SAR Sensor
Radar will be onboard Rapier very soon
February 2019
June 2019
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12Rapier X-25
SAR Antenna
February 2019
TX Antenna RX Antenna
May 2019
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13© [2019] Sky Eye Systems S.r.l. è una società a responsabilità di diritto italiano. Tutti i diritti riservati.
14Rapier X-25
What is AI , realistically ?
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15Rapier X-25
Big Data
In the last years we experienced :
➢An explosion of data
➢More complex data
➢The need to :
• Capture
• Record
• Analyze
• Query
• Transfer
• Maintain privacy
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16Rapier X-25
AI + Big Data
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17Rapier X-25
AI in the near future
Deep Learning
1. Machine Learning (supervised) is the AI subset that shall be
developed in the near future.
2. Learning algorithm may be inspired to the structure, operations and
connections of a biological neural networks (the human brain).
3. Deep learning is when multi stage neural networks are employed
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18Rapier X-25
Neural learning
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19Rapier X-25
“AI” ON BOARD RAPIER
1. AI shall be used to :
•Optimize Mission and flight plans
•Optimize payload performances
•Improve classification/recognition of targets
•Improve prognostics and logistic support
2. Part of the “AI powered” task shall be on board (mainly
payload), part shall be in CGS (exploitation and Learning)
3. Human shall always be in the loop, but with less workload
and reduced stress
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20Rapier X-25
Capabilities overview with AI
SIMULATION:
➢Simulate mission : air vehicle & payload
➢Training :MLS/A understand operator behaviour and suggest optimization
MISSION PLANNING:
➢Prepare Mission Plans, Flight Plans, & Payload Use using data of
similar missions : MLS/A suggest plans and payload use to optimise
coverage, endurance, mission success.
RAPIER CONTROL:
➢Pilot “out of the loop” to watch over behaviour of the aircraft :
MLS/A change flight plan autonomously [1] as a consequence
of target detection to confirm/classify, capture more data &
pictures, increase mission safety
➢Displays aircraft telemetries in a head up style
[1] Flight rules/limitation must be “known” by MLSA
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21Rapier X-25
GCS capabilities overview with AI (2)
PAYLOAD CONTROL:
➢Operator looks at payload real time data/pictures
Operator attention is triggered by MLS/A: payloads controls
are autonomously optimized taking into account detection &
classification reports
➢Payload telemetries : used for sensor suite optimization
MISSION DATA ANALYSIS:
➢Analysis of the data of recorded missions :
data are used to update/teach MLS/A
to improve their performances
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22Rapier X-25
Autonomous Information Extraction
Tasks for AI
Collection and Extraction
of information to provide
the right input at the right
time at the right person in
order to support fast
decision making in a given
environment.
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23Rapier X-25
Conclusions
1. Human like behaviour seems far away
2. AI shall be employed starting from Deep Machine Learning subset
3. AI shall be deployed in steps depending on data availability, clear
and agreed specifications, very professional Verification and
Validation effort
4. The value of this approach relies mainly on DATA and training.
5. Any program, either a new development or a capability
improvement, must be focused on :
•Data Acquisition
•Data Elaboration
•Data injection to AI algorithms
•AI training
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