SPRUCE Soil Metabolome Responses to Whole Ecosystem Warming in SPRUCE Experimental Plots, August 2016 - Oak Ridge ...
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June 15, 2021
SPRUCE Soil Metabolome
Responses to Whole Ecosystem
Warming in SPRUCE Experimental
Plots, August 2016
Summary:
This dataset reports a suite of complementary environmental geochemical analyses of peat extracts and
porewater samples from SPRUCE experimental plots across a range of whole ecosystem warming
(WEW) temperature treatments collected in August of 2016. Results of peat extract analyses include
NMR and GC-MS analyses of central metabolites, liquid chromatography mass spectra (LC-MS) analyses
of lipids, and quantitative proteomics. Porewater was analyzed by FTICR-MS for secondary metabolites,
and for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) concentrations, stable isotope composition, and the
differential solubility corrected CO2:CH4 ratio.
Analyses show that WEW stimulated primary production in warmer treatment enclosures resulting in
increased fresh, labile organic matter inputs to the surface peat, thereby enhancing microbial activity and
greenhouse gas production.
Investigations leveraged the SPRUCE experiment where air and peat warming were combined in WEW
treatments. SPRUCE is located at the 8.1-ha S1 Bog forest site in northern Minnesota, 40 km north
of Grand Rapids, in the USDA Forest Service Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF).
Data Citation:
Cite this data set as follows:
Rachel M. Wilson, Malak M. Tfaily, Max M. Kolton, Eric Johnston, Caitlin Petro, Cassandra M.
Zalman, Paul J. Hanson, Heino M. Heyman, Jennifer Kyle, David W. Hoyt, Elizabeth K. Eder,
Samuel O. Purvine, Randy K. Kolka, Stephen D. Sebestyen, Natalie A. Griffiths, Christopher W.
Schadt, Jason K. Keller, Scott D. Bridgham, Jeffrey P. Chanton, and Joel E. Kostka. 2021.
SPRUCE Soil Metabolome Responses to Whole Ecosystem Warming in SPRUCE
Experimental Plots, August 2016. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TES SFA, U.S. Department
of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. https://doi.org/10.25581/spruce.083/1647173
1
June 15, 2021
Related Publication:
Rachel M. Wilson, Malak M. Tfaily, Max Kolton, Eric R. Johnston, Caitlin Petro, Cassandra A.
Zalman, Paul J. Hanson, Heino M. Heyman, Jennifer E. Kyle, David W. Hoyt, Elizabeth K.
Eder, Samuel O. Purvine, Randall K. Kolka, Stephen D. Sebestyen, Natalie A. Griffiths,
Christopher W. Schadt, Jason K. Keller, Scott D. Bridgham, Jeffrey P. Chanton, Joel E. Kostka.
2021. Soil metabolome response to whole-ecosystem warming at the Spruce and Peatland
Responses under Changing Environments experiment. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences Jun 2021, 118 (25) e2004192118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004192118
Data and Documentation Access:
Get Data:
For public access to SPRUCE data please visit the SPRUCE Website: mnspruce.ornl.gov
Description and Links to Supplemental Information:
Marcell Experimental Forest Website: www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ef/locations/mn/marcell
SPRUCE Project Website: Project plans, reports, and publications at mnspruce.ornl.gov
SPRUCE Data Policy - Sharing, Access, and Use Recommendations: spruce-data-policies
Related Data Sets: TBD
SPRUCE Project Description
SPRUCE (Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments) is an experiment to
assess the response of northern peatland ecosystems to increases in temperature and exposures to
elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. It is a key component of the Terrestrial Ecosystem
Science Scientific Focus Area of ORNL's Climate Change Program, focused on terrestrial
ecosystems and the mechanisms that underlie their responses to climatic change. The
experimental work is to be conducted in a Picea mariana [black spruce] – Sphagnum spp. bog
forest in northern Minnesota, 40 km north of Grand Rapids, in the USDA Forest Service Marcell
Experimental Forest (MEF). The site is located at the southern margin of the boreal forest. It is
an ecosystem considered especially vulnerable to climate change, and anticipated to be near its
tipping point with respect to climate change. Responses to warming and interactions with
increased atmospheric CO2 concentration are anticipated to have important feedbacks on the
atmosphere and climate, because of the high carbon stocks harbored by peatlands.
2June 15, 2021
Experimental work in the 8.1-ha S1 bog is a climate change manipulation focusing on the
combined responses to multiple levels of warming at ambient or elevated CO2 (eCO2) levels. The
experiment provides a platform for testing mechanisms controlling the vulnerability of
organisms, biogeochemical processes and ecosystems to climatic change (e.g., thresholds for
organism decline or mortality, limitations to regeneration, biogeochemical limitations to
productivity, the cycling and release of CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere).
The manipulation will evaluate the response of the existing biological communities to a range of
warming levels from +0 to +9°C, provided via large, modified open-top enclosures. All
temperatures, +0 through the +9°C warming treatment, are also conducted at eCO2 (in the range
of 800 to 900 ppm). Two plots without enclosures also are maintained. Both direct and indirect
effects of these experimental perturbations will be analyzed to develop and refine models needed
for full Earth system analyses.
Marcell Experimental Forest
Streamflow, weather, and well data collection began on the Marcell Experimental Forest in 1960.
This 1100-ha site has six calibrated watersheds, each consisting of a mineral soil upland and
organic soil peatland; an intermittent or perennial stream drains each peatland and its larger
watershed. Formally established in 1962, the Marcell contains two units on land owned by the
USDA Forest Service, Chippewa National Forest, State of Minnesota, Itasca County, and a
private individual. Previous and ongoing research addresses the ecology and hydrology of
peatland. Research concerns typical upland/wetland watersheds in the Lake States, atmospheric
chemistry, nutrient cycling, soil quality, tree- stand dynamics, and a variety of watershed
treatments applied to upland or bogs to investigate impacts on water yield, peak streamflow,
water quality and nutrient processing.
SPRUCE Sponsor
Research sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research within the U.S.
Department of Energy’s Office of Science.
The SPRUCE experiment is a multi-year cooperative interaction among scientists of the Oak
Ridge National Laboratory operated by UT-Battelle, LLC and the U.S. Forest Service, Northern
Research Station, Marcell Experimental Forest.
Table of Contents:
1 Data Set Overview
2 Data Characteristics
3 Applications and Derivation
4 Quality Assessment
5 Acquisition Materials and Methods
6 References
7 Data Access
3June 15, 2021
1. Data Set Overview:
The file will be appended with future year tissue analyses. This data set reports the
results of multi-omics analysis of post-treatment peat extracts and porewater collected
from the SPRUCE experimental site in August 2016.
2. Data Characteristics:
Results are provided in six comma separated (.csv) files.
Spatial Coverage
All measurements were made at the 8.1-ha S1 bog forest site in northern Minnesota, 40
km north of Grand Rapids, in the USDA Forest Service Marcell Experimental Forest
(MEF). The following coordinates are the central location of the S1 bog.
Site boundaries: Latitude and longitude given in decimal degrees.
Elevation
Westernmost Easternmost Northernmost Southernmost Geodetic
Site (Region) (meters
Longitude Longitude Latitude Latitude Datum
amsl)
S1 Bog,
Marcell
-93.45399 -93.45256 47.50656 47.50470 418 WGS84
Experimental
Forest
Temporal Coverage
This data set reports results of analyses of samples collected in August 2016.
Data File Description
These data are considered at Quality Level 1. Level 1 indicates an internally consistent data
product that has been subjected to quality checks and data management procedures.
ALL_GCMS_August2016.csv
• Contains small metabolites from solid peat extracts collected in August 2016 as identified
by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Values are given in relative abundances.
SID = Sample IDs indicate enclosure_depth_replicate.
4June 15, 2021
ALL_NMR_August2016.csv
• Contains small metabolites from solid peat extracts collected in August 2016 as identified
by NMR. Values are given in micromolar. SID = Sample IDs indicate
enclosure_depth_replicate.
FTMS_August2016.csv
• Provides peak heights of compounds identified in the dissolved organic matter via
Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FTICR-MS).
o Compound masses are given in column 1.
o Columns 2:192 provide the sample data.
o Columns 193:200 indicate the molecular formula results and give the #C, #H, #O,
#N, #13C, #S, #P, and #Na atoms in each assigned formula.
o Error indicates the formula assignment error.
o El_comp indicates the general elemental composition with regard to heteroatom
content in the assigned formula.
o Class indicates the class of compound types to which the formula was assigned.
o NeutralMass indicates the neutral mass of the identified ion.
o Candidates indicates the number of potential alternate formulae assignments.
LIPIDS_August2016.csv
• Provides the peak areas from the liquid chromatography mass spectra of the lipid data.
Cer = ceramides, DG = diacylglycerides, PC = phosphocholines, TG = triacylglycerides.
PROTEOMICS_August2016.csv
• Provides protein counts for each of the samples.
o Peptide gives the peptide sequence identified.
o Protein Name provides the corresponding protein.
o Description gives the protein identification, K0, COG, E.C., pfam, numbers as
well as the representative organisms when available for the given protein.
o Source indicates the metagenome to which the protein was mapped.
o Columns 6:19 give the peptide counts for each sample.
SPRUCE2016Conc.csv
• Provides the carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations, stable isotope
composition, CO2:CH4 ratio corrected for differential solubility as described in Wilson et
al. (2021), and alpha values which provides a measure of the difference in 13C
composition between the CO2 and CH4 as described in Wilson et al. (2021).
5June 15, 2021
3. Data Application and Derivation:
Analyses showed that WEW stimulated primary production in warmer treatment enclosures
resulting in increased fresh, labile organic matter inputs to the surface peat, thereby enhancing
microbial activity and greenhouse gas production.
4. Quality Assessment:
These data are considered at Quality Level 1. Level 1 indicates an internally consistent
data product that has been subjected to quality checks and data management procedures.
Established calibration procedures were followed.
5. Data Acquisition Materials and Methods:
Site Description:
The site is the 8.1-ha S1 bog, a Picea mariana [black spruce] – Sphagnum spp. Ombrotrophic
bog forest in northern Minnesota, 40 km north of Grand Rapids, in the USDA Forest Service
Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF). The S1 bog was harvested in successive strip cuts in 1969
and 1974 and the cut areas were allowed to naturally regenerate. The 1974 strips are
characterized by medium density of 3-5 meter black spruce and larch trees with an open canopy.
The 1969 harvest strips are characterized by a higher density of 3-5 meter black spruce and larch
trees with a generally closed canopy.
The SPRUCE Experiment is described in detail by Hanson et al. (2017).
Sampling and Analyses:
See Wilson et al. (2021) for details.
6June 15, 2021
Figure 2. Overview of the S1-Bog SPRUCE site where peat and porewater samples were
collected.
References:
Hanson PJ, Riggs JS, Nettles WR, Phillips JR, Krassovski MB, Hook LA, Richardson AD,
Ricciuto DM, Warren JM, Barbier C (2017) Attaining whole-ecosystem warming using air and
deep soil heating methods with an elevated CO2 atmosphere. Biogeosciences 14:861–883, doi:
10.5194/bg-14-861-2017
7June 15, 2021
Rachel M. Wilson, Malak M. Tfaily, Max Kolton, Eric R. Johnston, Caitlin Petro, Cassandra A.
Zalman, Paul J. Hanson, Heino M. Heyman, Jennifer E. Kyle, David W. Hoyt, Elizabeth K.
Eder, Samuel O. Purvine, Randall K. Kolka, Stephen D. Sebestyen, Natalie A. Griffiths,
Christopher W. Schadt, Jason K. Keller, Scott D. Bridgham, Jeffrey P. Chanton, Joel E. Kostka.
2021. Soil metabolome response to whole-ecosystem warming at the Spruce and Peatland
Responses under Changing Environments experiment. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences Jun 2021, 118 (25) e2004192118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004192118
Data Access:
For public access to SPRUCE data please visit the SPRUCE Web Site:
https://mnspruce.ornl.gov/
Contact for Data Access Information: https://mnspruce.ornl.gov/contact
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