ENERGY & RESOURCE REPORT 2018 - Metro Environmental ...
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
2018 ENERGY & RESOURCE REPORT
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Message from the CEO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Message from the Incoming Board Chair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Operational Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Air Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Highlight: Environmental Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Highlight: Green Procurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Highlight: Sustainability Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Highlight: Life of a Sustainable Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
This document was prepared by Cumming and Lentini Design & Marketing under Highlight: Sustaining Creativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
contract through the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority
(Metro) administered by Metro’s Environmental Compliance and Sustainability
Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Department. Technical information was provided by the following Metro Next Stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Departments: Building Services, Construction Management, Countywide Planning
and Development, Emergency Management, Facilities/Property Maintenance,
Logistics, Marketing, Engineering Management, Research and Records Information
Management, Non-Revenue Fleet Maintenance, Office of Extraordinary Innovation,
Purchasing, Quality Assurance, and Signage and Environmental Graphic Design.
The following community partners also contributed information used to prepare
this report: CDP, Clark Construction, Clean Energy Renewables, EcoMotion, Hensel
Phelps, Jeff Shea Construction, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power,
Pasadena Water and Power, Parkwood Landscape Maintenance, Skanska, Southern
California Edison, Southern California Gas Company, Tetra Tech, Traylor Bros., Inc.,
TRC Solutions, USGBC-LA, Walsh Shea Corridor Constructors, Woods Maintenance
Services, Inc., and World Trade Center Los Angeles.
Image at left: Mariachi Plaza Station, Gold Line
4 | 2018 Metro Energy & Resource Report
ACRONYMS & TABLES &
ABBREVIATIONS FIGURES
AB Assembly Bill HC Hydrocarbons
APTA American Public Transportation Association ISO International Organization for Standardization
BEVs Battery Electric Vehicles kWh Kilowatt Hour
CAAP Climate Action and Adaptation Plan LA Los Angeles TABLES
CARB California Air Resources Board LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Performance Metrics .................................................................................................7
CDP Carbon Disclosure Project METRO Los Angeles Metropolitan Transportation Authority Greenhouse Gas Displacement ................................................................................. 22
CLAX Crenshaw / LAX Transit Corridor Project MJ Megajoules 2017 Program Participation ....................................................................................... 27
CNG Compressed Natural Gas MRDC Metro Rail Design Criteria Bike Share Stats ...................................................................................................... 28
CO2 Carbon Dioxide MSW Municipal Solid Waste
CO2e Carbon Dioxide Equivalent MT Metric Tons FIGURES
ECSD Environmental Compliance NOx Nitrogen Oxides Vehicle Revenue Miles .............................................................................................. 9
and Sustainability Department O&M Operations and Maintenance Unlinked Passenger Trips ......................................................................................... 11
EIR Environmental Impact Report PM Particulate Matter Vehicle Miles Traveled .............................................................................................. 12
EMS Emergency Management System PM10 Particulate Matter less than 10 micrometers Operating Expenses ................................................................................................ 13
EPA Environmental Protection Agency in diameter
Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions ................................................................................. 14
EV Electric Vehicle RAMP Regional Advance Mitigation Program
Crash Course in Air Quality ....................................................................................... 15
FY Fiscal Year RNG Renewable Natural Gas
CalEnviroScreen Map of LA with Existing and Proposed Transit Alignments ....................... 19
G Grams ROG Reactive Organic Gases
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ......................................................................................20
GCP Green Construction Policy SB Senate Bill
Total Emissions ...................................................................................................... 21
GDP Gross Domestic Product TCO Total Cost of Ownership
Projected Cumulative Avoided GHG Emissions of Expanded BEV Fleet ............................. 25
GGW Growing a Greener Workforce UPT Unlinked Passenger Trips
Metro Community EV Charge Stations ........................................................................ 29
GHG Greenhouse Gas VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled
Energy Use ............................................................................................................ 32
G-PRO Green Professional Building Skills Training VRM Vehicle Revenue Miles
2017 Energy by End Use ........................................................................................... 33
Crash Course on Carbon Intensity .............................................................................. 34
Carbon Intensity of Vehicle Fuels................................................................................ 34
Renewable Natural Gas Lifecycle ................................................................................ 35
Water Use .............................................................................................................. 38
2017 Water Use by Facility Type .................................................................................. 39
2017 Alignment Water Use ....................................................................................... 40
Total Solid Waste and Diversion from Landfill ...............................................................44
2017 Waste Composition .......................................................................................... 45
Metro Headquarters Waste Composition .....................................................................46
Liquid Waste Trends ................................................................................................ 47
6 | 2018 Metro Energy & Resource Report
MESSAGE FROM MESSAGE FROM
THE CEO THE INCOMING
Metro’s transportation revolution is making sustainable practices BOARD CHAIR
the norm while meeting the needs of an increased population
and economic growth. While acting as responsible stewards of
taxpayer’s trust, we are actively thinking boldly and challenging I’m so pleased that Metro is already an award-winning,
ourselves to provide mobility service in the most environmentally- international leader in environmental stewardship and
sound and energy-efficient manner possible. Our world-class, sustainability. Just in the last 10 years, we have reduced
innovative solutions not only get Angelenos where we want to go, dangerous nitrogen oxides by 82%. Sustainability practices are
but also reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the process. infused in all aspects of our work.
And this is only the beginning. Moreover, in the coming year, we will do even more to benefit
Sustainability and environmental responsibility is infused into the health and welfare of Angelenos by rapidly implementing
everything we do — planning, constructing, operating, and technologies that improve air quality. We will continue to add
maintaining our infrastructure, assets, and human capital. We are zero emission vehicles to our fleet and increase the use of
expanding our system to provide a convenient, zero emissions biomethane as we move towards a zero emissions bus fleet
fleet combined with various alternative modes to driving alone. As by 2030. We are also streamlining processes designed to
Metro’s services expand, we are significantly limiting the impact protect sensitive habitat, improve water quality, and protect the
transportation has on the environment. That’s what Metro’s environment, as well as expanding our resilience planning. Our
mission of excellence in service and support look like in action. goal is to increase service and strengthen our infrastructure while
reducing our impact on the environment.
Sincerely,
Sincerely,
Metro is committed to building, operating, and maintaining a
safe, efficient, resilient, and sustainable public transportation
system for all.
Philip A. Washington Sincerely,
ChiefPhilip
ExecutiveA. Washington
Officer
Sheila Kuehl
8 | 2018 Metro Energy & Resource Report | Executive Summary
EXECUTIVE Trends
SUMMARY Performance Metrics 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Since 2016 Since 2012
OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY
Metro has a unique role among the nation’s transportation System that was first piloted in 2007. Metro continues to Unlinked Passenger Trips
4,752 4,757 4,649 4,377 4,111 3,904 -5.0% -17.8%
agencies as the planner, coordinator, designer, builder, funder, operate one of the cleanest fleets in the nation with emissions (per Capita x 100)
and operator of transportation services for one of the country’s nearly cut in half since 2012. Overall water use and greenhouse
largest and most populous counties. As such, measuring the gas emissions are down one-third since 2012, and Metro Vehicle Miles Traveled
environmental and sustainable performance of an organization continues to displace more emissions than it produces by 78.7 78.7 78.8 79.4 79.3 78.8 -0.6% 0.1%
(per Capita x 100)
with such a diverse scope and impact can be difficult. Clearly, we encouraging transit use. However, evaluating year-over-year
must look beyond tailpipe emissions. performance reveals areas where additional focus is needed as
the agency continues to retool, reenergize, and prepare for the Operating Expenses
The 2018 Energy and Resource Report provides an annual update of $10.91 $10.97 $10.88 $11.08 $12.22 $13.64 11.6% 25.0%
next generation of transit expansion. (Dollars per Vehicle Revenue Mile)
Metro’s impact on the environment and reports performance across
sustainability metrics designed to inform the agency’s various 2. The Highlight sections in this report dive deeper into how
stakeholders of how we are doing and where we are heading. This sustainability is being adopted as a core value at Metro, so AIR QUALITY
report marks the ninth installment since 2010 when the agency that the next generation of transit expansion is planned, built,
began reporting, which underscores Metro’s commitment to and maintained in a way that does not just avoid negative
Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions
transparency. The report is a look under the hood, not just to show impacts but encourages positive and restorative changes to (Short Tons per 100,000 Vehicle 70.2 60.1 56.9 50.8 34.7 40.9 17.9% -41.7%
how we’ve progressed from last year, but also to show how our communities and the environment. For example, features like
Revenue Miles)
fundamental understanding of sustainability continues to evolve. Green Procurement (page 24) and Sustaining Creativity (page
Ultimately, this report is intended to communicate two things: 42) illuminate how principles of sustainability have become
1. The performance metrics serve to quantify Metro’s sustainability
embedded into decision making and are reinforced through CLIMATE
training and cross-departmental collaboration. Another feature
performance across ten key indicator areas, summarized in the
on Environmental Justice (page 18) highlights how Metro’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions
table on the right. Since 2012, many of the indicator areas are
trending positively, largely due to institutional best practices,
construction pollution reduction policies and transit planning (Pounds CO2e per Vehicle 8.61 8.37 6.85 6.72 6.68 6.74 0.8% -21.7%
address long-term environmental equity. Revenue Mile)
such as the now agency-wide Environmental Management
Greenhouse Gas Displacement
-4,069 -3,933 -86,433 -73,827 -57,461 -40,758 -29.1% 901.6%
(Net Emissions, MT CO2e)
ENERGY
Energy Use
(MJ per Vehicle Revenue Mile) 55.7 57.6 57.2 56.6 55.3 55.6 0.6% -0.2%
WATER
Water Use
2.96 3.33 2.48 2.15 1.74 2.11 21.3% -28.7%
(Gallons per Vehicle Revenue Mile)
WASTE
Total Solid Waste
(Tons per 100,000 Vehicle 7.52 7.83 7.44 7.73 7.68 9.57 24.6% 27.3%
Revenue Miles)
Diversion from Landf ill
( % Diverted) 48% 26% 25% 21% 21% 28% 34.6% -41.7%
10 | 2018 Metro Energy & Resource Report | Methodology
METHODOLOGY
REPORTING FRAMEWORK NORMALIZATION FACTORS
Metro is a founding member of the American Public Transportation The reporting framework and methodology used in this report The APTA framework recommends that transit agencies use Vehicle Revenue Miles (VRM) represents the total number of miles
Association ( APTA) Sustainability Commitment, which “recognizes conform to APTA’s Recommended Practice “Quantifying and normalization factors when reporting performance metrics Metro’s vehicles travel while in revenue service ( i.e., the time when a
members who commit to becoming more sustainable in their Reporting Transit Sustainability Metrics.” The reporting period is in order to provide context for the agency's operations and vehicle is available to the general public and there is an expectation
operations and practices. Through a series of core sustainability calendar year 2017. The raw data was gathered through utility bills, better track sustainability performance over time as transit of carrying passengers). Reporting sustainability performance in
principles, the commitment provides both agency and business fuel and mileage reports, weight tickets, transit data, program services grow or change. The normalization factor selected by terms of VRM allows Metro to more accurately depict trends over
members with a common framework that helps define, initiate, data, and interviews with key staff. All references to US dollars Metro and used in this report is Vehicle Revenue Miles, unless time and normalize for changes in service size and scale. The trend
and advance sustainability in the public transportation industry.” in this report are presented as 2017 US dollars unless otherwise otherwise noted. in Metro’s total VRM by mode since 2012 is displayed below.
Signatories to the APTA Sustainability Commitment are required noted. A technical appendix will be made available online which
to quantify and report annually on a series of key performance will include the current and historical data used for this report.
metrics and to track performance against each metric over
time. The commitment establishes the following sustainability
Vehicle Revenue Miles
performance metrics:
> Unlinked passenger trips Metro became a founding
2009
> Vehicle miles traveled
signatory of the APTA Sustainability 140
> Operating expenses
> Criteria air pollutant emissions Commitment in
> Greenhouse gas emissions 120 21 20 22 25
> Greenhouse gas displacement 17 20
> Energy use
100
29 31 32 32 30
> Water use 26
> Total solid waste
Vehicle Revenue Miles (1,000,000)
> Diversion from landfill 80
78 75 75 76 75 74
60
40
20
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Rail Vanpool Bus
12 | 2018 Metro Energy & Resource Report | Operational Efficiency
OPERATIONAL
EFFICIENCY
REGIONAL CONTEXT RIDERSHIP
PERFORMANCE METRICS In addition to reporting on the identified sustainability Unlinked Passenger Trips (UPT) is defined as the total number Phase I and Expo Phase I & II), rail ridership increased nearly 8%
performance metrics, APTA guidelines include annual reporting of times passengers board public transportation vehicles, after normalizing for population growth.
on three metrics that relate to operational efficiency and help regardless of whether the boarding results in one or multiple Metro is also adapting existing services to be more relevant
Unlinked Passenger Trips provide regional context for the sustainability performance of an trips. In line with the national trend, transit ridership has been and attractive to the residents of LA County. The current bus
Vehicle Miles Traveled agency. The Unlinked Passenger Trips and Vehicle Miles Traveled declining over the past few years. While there is no single cause, network carries over 70% of Metro’s transit customers, yet the
metrics are normalized using the population of LA County, increased access to vehicles amongst lower-income populations, system hasn’t been overhauled in 25 years. Launched in 2017, the
Operating Expenses
reflecting the effectiveness of Metro’s efforts to provide transit declining unemployment, and historically low gas prices are NextGen Bus Study will design a new bus network that addresses
services to the region. often cited as important factors. However, investment in LA’s growing population and evolving travel patterns, ultimately
The operational efficiency metrics measure trends in
improved transit infrastructure is proving effective at attracting resulting in a more flexible system that can better serve current
ridership, regional travel behavior, and agency financial
riders. From 2012 to 2017, a period during which Metro opened customers and attract new customers.
sustainability. The metrics are normalized for transit
system size and population growth.
The passage of Measure M continues the up three new light rail extensions (Gold Line Foothill Extension
TRANSPORTATION
REVOLUTION
in Los Angeles County Unlinked Passenger Trips
8%
increase in rail
ridership per capita
since 2012
5,000 22
34 36 40
4,500
40 20
1,130 38
1,021 1,110 35
4,000 1,051 18
1,092
3,500
1,098 16
Unlinked Passenger Trips per Capita (100)
14
Population of LA County (1,000,000)
3,000
10.01 10.07 10.17 10.23 10.23 12
2,500 9.95
10
2,000
8
1,500
6
1,000 3,698 3,590 3,499 3,286 2,980 2,771
4
500 2
0 0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Vanpool Rail Bus Population (LA County)
14 | 2018 Metro Energy & Resource Report | Operational Efficiency
MOBILITY TRENDS OPERATING EXPENSES
Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) is one indicator of the impact a Economic efficiency and stability are key components of not reflected in the graph below. Rail service is traditionally
public transit agency has on mobility trends within the agency’s Metro’s sustainability program and remain core business the most-costly mode to operate when normalized. Vanpool
service territory. After accounting for population growth, goals. While operating costs per revenue mile have increased is the most cost effective, but it only offers a limited reach.
Los Angeles countywide VMT has remained largely unchanged by 5% each year since 2012, many of Metro’s efforts to Improvements to bus service planning represent an important
since 2012 and declined by 3.2% since 2007. provide additional community resources such as bike share, strategy for optimizing efficiency and managing operating
workforce development, and air quality improvements are expenses.
“Metro is assessing dynamic population,
demographic, employment, economic,
f iscal and land use changes in order to
inform long-term planning.”
Operating Expenses
From the Report to Board, September 2017 on
the Long Range Transportation Plan Update
$25.00
Vehicle Miles Traveled
100
3.2% decline in countywide
VMT per capita since 2007
$20.00
$15.00
$18.55 $18.03
$18.99 $19.46
$21.49 $21.54
$13.64
Annual Vehicle Miles Traveled per Capita (100)
$12.22
90 $10.91 $10.88 $11.08
$10.97
80 $13.47
Dollars per Vehicle Revenue Mile
79.4 79.3 $12.28
70 78.7 78.7 78.8 78.8 $10.00
$11.54
$11.31 $11.35 $11.19
60
50 145
$5.00
40
30
$0.57 $0.57 $0.57 $0.56 $0.46 $0.53
20
$0
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Annual VMT per Capita Rail Bus Vanpool All Modes
16 | 2018 Metro Energy & Resource Report | Air Quality
AIR QUALITY
LET’S CLEAR THE AIR A BOLD INVESTMENT
PERFORMANCE METRIC Metro operates one of the largest compressed natural gas (CNG) On July 27, 2017 the Metro Board of Directors took a historic step
bus fleets in the nation, which emits far less pollution than and unanimously voted to transition the entire Metro bus fleet to
traditional diesel buses. In 2011 alone, the last year that Metro zero-emission vehicles by 2030, becoming the largest American
Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions operated diesel buses, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions were higher transit agency to adopt such a goal.
than the last three years of emissions from CNG powered buses In the words of Metro CEO Phillip A. Washington:
The criteria air pollutant emissions metric measures combined (2015-2017). Compared to 2012, Metro has reduced NOx
pollution by 40%. “As we continue our transportation revolution, we must continue to
tailpipe emissions from Metro’s bus fleet and
make sustainable practices the norm. We hope our move toward a
support vehicles. The major criteria air pollutants After the initial conversion to an all CNG fleet, Metro has been zero-emission fleet will inspire other transit agencies across the nation
are hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and able to achieve additional reductions in criteria air pollutant to consider this as a possibility and investigate how they can transition
particulate matter (PM). emissions by retrofitting aging CNG engines with newer, more toward greener fleets for the benefit of patrons, as well as the cities and
efficient models. Last year, a slight increase in emissions resulted towns they serve.”
from the use of older buses on Metro routes. However, cleaner
Compared to 2008, Towards this end, the Board approved the purchase of sixty
buses are continuously being introduced into the fleet. In 2017
Metro has reduced NOx 40-foot all-electric buses manufactured by BYD and thirty-five
82%
Metro repowered 142 engines with new engines that average a
emissions by 15% reduction in NOx emissions and purchased an additional 60-foot articulated zero-emission buses by New Flyer.
BYD’s Metro electric bus early prototype; photo courtesy of cleantechnica.com
395 “near-zero emission” CNG engines. Low NOx engine
technology will continue to play a role in fulfilling Metro’s near-
term commitments to reducing fleet emissions and improving air
quality in the region.
Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions Crash Course in Air Quality
Short Tons per Vehicle Revenue Mile (100,000)
50.0 45.5 1.5
Short Tons per Vehicle Revenue Mile (100,000)
45.0 1.3
38.6
40.0 38.3
34.4 1.1
35.0
0.9
Particulate Reactive Nitrogen
30.0 0.8 24.5
29.0 0.9
Matter Organic Gases Oxides
0.7 0.7
25.0 23.8 0.7
PM10 ROG NOx
HC and NOx Emissions
20.7
20.0 17.9 0.4 0.4 0.5
15.7
PM Emissions
15.0 PM10 are airborne particles ROGs (such as hydrocarbon) NOx is a family of highly
9.8 11.5 0.3
10.0 that are 10 micrometers are volatile organic compounds reactive gases that are
5.0
0.1 or less in diameter. Finer that react with NOx to form precursor pollutants to
0.0 0.0
particulate matter can deposit ground-level ozone or smog. ground-level ozone or smog.
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 deep in the lungs and is Increased levels of ozone are NOx commonly affects the
associated with a variety associated with greater health respiratory system and is
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Particulate Matter (PM) Hydrocarbon (HC)
of adverse health effects, impacts, including respiratory a greater health threat to
including lung cancer. illnesses and increased children and the elderly.
asthma episodes.
18 | 2018 Metro Energy & Resource Report | Air Quality
GREENING CONSTRUCTION
Not only is air pollution harmful to human health, it disproportionately
affects disadvantaged neighborhoods. While increasing public
transit will help displace more air pollution in the future, near term The reduction in emissions from
construction activities will result in increased localized pollution construction equipment in 2017 was
27,000
in areas receiving a larger environmental pollution burden. The
equivalent to removing over
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California Air Resources
Board (CARB) established phased-in standards to reduce the air
pollution resulting from construction equipment and activities.
However, California’s off-road construction fleets are not required to
meet the highest emission standards until 2029.
In order to mitigate these impacts, Metro’s Green Construction cars from the road
Policy (GCP) accelerates this timeline and requires Metro’s
contractors to start using cleaner vehicles and equipment now. The
policy, which was established in 2011, requires Metro’s contractors
to use less polluting equipment and reroute construction traffic
away from schools, daycares, playgrounds, and hospitals. As in
previous years, the results are significant.
In 2017, not only were pollution emissions significantly reduced
from the estimated business as usual levels as a result of
this policy, they were reduced in locations close to vulnerable
In 2017, populations and in neighborhoods that historically receive a
greater burden of pollution exposure.
Metro reduced
NOx emissions from
26%
its fleet of support
vehicles by
JUST AND IMPACTFUL
When it comes to air quality, not all emission reductions are equal.
Due to the location of Metro’s air quality improvement efforts,
Metro’s emission reduction strategies have an amplified effect.
Emissions produced upwind or in locations with higher population
densities have a greater impact on human exposure and health.
A FLEET OF THEIR OWN Based on research, Metro’s GCP emission reductions, which are
Metro is also working hard to reduce emissions and increase currently near or upwind from dense populations, have a 114%
sustainability behind the scenes. Alongside its bus fleet, Metro greater impact on reducing pollution exposure compared with
maintains a fleet of vehicles used for field operations and driver reducing an equal amount of pollution elsewhere in the region.
relief assignments. Efforts to reduce the fuel usage of these vehicles In addition, Metro plans to incorporate cleaner electric buses
and replace older gasoline vehicles with hybrids and battery electric “We’re making bold investments in new into the Silver Line, which runs from El Monte to Downtown LA
vehicles (BEVs) have been successful in reducing criteria air to San Pedro. This route runs through a number of high-density
technology because Metro is serious
pollutant emissions. In 2017, these field operation vehicles logged communities, so this investment will help reduce the pollution
over 11.5 million miles (only 5% less than in 2016), but emitted 4% about making our air cleaner and levels experienced in these areas. For more information on
less PM10, 39% less ROG, and 26% less NOx than the year prior. In communities healthier.” pollution impacts, see the Highlight on page 20.
2017, Metro also acquired its first fully battery-electric fleet vehicle,
the Chevy Bolt, and has plans to purchase additional Bolt vehicles Mayor Eric Garcetti
to further reduce its emissions. For more information on the Chevy Chair of the Metro Board (FY18)
Bolt vehicle procurement, see the Highlight on page 24.HIGHLIGHT:
ENVIRONMENTAL
JUSTICE
CalEnviroScreen Map of LA With Existing and Proposed Transit Alignments
Environmental justice is the meaningful involvement of all people in Metro recognizes that low-income and minority residents
decisions that can significantly affect their community. It also means constitute a majority of the transit dependent population and are
that certain communities, regardless of race, ethnicity, income, anticipated to benefit most from Metro’s ongoing transit programs.
national origin, or education, should not bear a disproportionate CalEnviroScreen is a mapping tool that helps identify vulnerable
burden of pollution from increased development or changing communities that are most affected by sources of pollution. Scores
policies. Despite measurable gains in addressing environmental are based on multiple indicators, including the overall pollution
justice, it still remains a prevalent issue in Southern California. burden, socioeconomic data, and the prevalence of health conditions
Metro’s ongoing and planned transit projects are anticipated to (www.oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen). With Metro’s existing network
address long-term environmental equity issues by increasing public situated in areas identified in CalEnviroScreen as receiving a greater
transportation, which is associated with improved air quality. burden of environmental hazards, Metro’s future transportation DOWNTOWN
network is expected to reduce air pollution and improve the quality
Metro’s 2009 Long-Range Transportation Plan emphasizes
of life for neighborhoods that need it. SANTA MONICA
three main measures: improving mobility, improving air quality,
and promoting environmental justice. Through comprehensive
planning and community engagement, Metro strives to promote Metro improves
environmental justice through avoiding, minimizing, or mitigating
disproportionately adverse human health and environmental
effects. Metro helps ensure the full and fair participation by all
quality of life
potentially affected communities in the planning process. for neighborhoods that need it
ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL
JUSTICE THROUGH
POLLUTION REDUCTION
For the Crenshaw /LAX (CLAX) Transit Corridor Project,
the impact of Metro’s Green Construction Policy toward
human health and environmental justice is substantial.
Over 370,000 people live in the CLAX transit corridor TORRANCE
area; 94% belong to a minority group and 23.1% live
below the poverty threshold. In comparison, Los Angeles Key
County is 69% minority, with 18% living below poverty. Under Construction 91-100% (Highest Scores) 61-70% 21-30%
Consequently, CalEnviroScreen scores in the Crenshaw / Metro Existing Rail Alignments 81-90% 51-60% 11-20%
LAX Transit Corridor project area are significantly higher
when compared to other regions (average: 83 percentile). 71-80% 41-50% 1-10%
Through this policy, reductions in pollution not only 31-40%
improve the overall health of the residents in the area, but
impact communities where it matters. Higher scores are attributed to areas with higher environmental hazard exposures and vulnerable populations.
The use of cleaner burning construction equipment (i.e. Tier
4 engines) reduced PM10, ROG, and NOx pollution by 0.50,
1.30, and 11.1 tons respectively along the CLAX alignment
15,000
alone. Based on the EPA’s average annual car emissions, the The reduction in emissions related to construction activity for CLAX
reduction in emissions for 2017 was equivalent to removing
was equivalent to removing over
over 15,000 cars from the road.
CLAX Transit Corridor
cars from the road22 | 2018 Metro Energy & Resource Report | Climate
CLIMATE
POSITION ON EMISSIONS A CLOSER LOOK
PERFORMANCE METRICS The transportation sector is the single largest source of greenhouse Improved emissions accounting methods have enabled Metro to
gas emissions in California. While public transit is regarded as a take a closer look at its emissions trends and identify its major
climate-friendly alternative to single occupancy vehicles, Metro is sources. The largest source of emissions for the agency is vehicle
Greenhouse Gas Emissions dedicated to reducing the greenhouse gas emissions produced fuel (75%). Accordingly, Metro’s bus service is the largest source
Greenhouse Gas Displacement from its own activities to optimize the positive impact of transit. of emissions by mode (65%). New fleet technologies powered
Metro’s greenhouse gas emissions, measured in carbon dioxide by renewable energy can dramatically reduce Metro’s emissions
The climate performance metrics measure trends in equivalent (CO2e), have been steadily declining since 2007 (31%) over the long term, but the agency is making gains in other areas. Downtown Long Beach Station, Blue Line
greenhouse gas emissions produced by transit and when Metro performed its first emissions inventory. Much of the Since 2012, emissions resulting from building energy use have
greenhouse gas emissions displaced by transit through decrease can be attributed to declining energy emissions factors as decreased by 23% while emissions from water consumption have
reductions in regional VMT. These metrics are indicators the share of renewable energy on the grid increases. been cut in half.
of Metro’s net impact on greenhouse gas emissions.
Since 2012, Metro has
22%
reduced its emissions by
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Total Emissions
3%
4% 9%
14% 9%
10 4% 13%
4%
8.61
8
8.37
6.85 6.72 6.68 6.74
6 75%
Pounds CO2e per Vehicle Revenue Mile
65%
By Mode
4 Heavy Rail – 4%
Light Rail – 9% By Source
Metro Operated Bus Fleet – 65% Vehicle Fuel – 75%
2 Contracted Bus Fleet – 4% Rail Electricity – 13%
Vanpool – 4% Building Energy and Stationary Sources – 9%
Non-Modal Emissions – 14% Other – 3%
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Data Update: Metro’s emissions have been updated to reflect additional information obtained as a result of improved Non-modal emissions include building energy use, water, refrigerants, and
data tracking processes established in 2017. fuels for support vehicles24 | 2018 Metro Energy & Resource Report | Climate
A MORE RESILIENT FUTURE
Through Measures
Metro is already experiencing the impacts of global climate change
on its operations: more frequent wildfires, more extreme-heat
R and M, we have
days and higher temperatures, changes in precipitation, and more been entrusted
NETTING EMISSIONS powerful wind. In order to ensure infrastructure is prepared for to be stewards
Perhaps the best sustainability indicator of an effective public a more uncertain future, Metro is pursuing resiliency initiatives
intended to bolster core business functions so they can continue
of public funding
transit system is greenhouse gas displacement. This occurs
primarily through mode-shift or taking cars off the road. This regardless of the threat from changing conditions. To advance this for the planning,
factor, often measured in VMT reduction, is a major consideration effort, Metro’s own Executive Officer of Environmental Compliance construction,
when Metro plans new transit projects. The results are evident: and Sustainability, Dr. Cris Liban, was appointed to the California’s
Climate-Safe Infrastructure Working Group, supporting AB 2800.
operations, and
Metro consistently displaces more emissions than it produces.
Sustained commitments to greenhouse gas reductions coupled The working group unites experts from across state infrastructure maintenance of transportation systems here in
Metro consistently
DISPLACES
with expanding service will ensure this trend continues. and scientific disciplines to strengthen the inclusion of climate Los Angeles County. Our intimate involvement
change considerations in state design processes.
in the California AB 2800 Climate Safe
In line with the goals of the working group, Metro has been critically
MORE considering how to address the impacts of climate change into all
facets of its business, including planning, designing, partnering,
Infrastructure Working Group process allows
us to chart a proactive course for the long-
EMISSIONS term protection of these investments against
building, and maintaining its transportation infrastructure. In 2017,
Metro began updating its Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
(CAAP) to provide a framework for climate change adaptation.
unpredictable environmental stressors; and as
Greenhouse Gas Displacement than it produces
Through the CAAP, Metro will not only document these excellent a testament to our commitment to sustainable
adaptation examples, but also provide additional strategies to help infrastructure while preserving social equity
the agency thrive in the face of the region’s changing environment.
and ensuring long-term economic vitality.
As Metro prepares the CAAP update, the agency has already begun
to gather examples of ways the agency currently adapts to the
ghg emissions balance (mt co2e) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
region’s changing climate. For example, to account for increases in Dr. Cris Liban, P.E., ENV SP
Total Emissions 474,538 471,932 396,380 391,275 390,840 390,251 high heat, Metro researched innovative, technological solutions to
address increased wire sagging from its Overhead Catenary System
LA Metro Executive Off icer
Total Displacement -478,607 -475,865 -482,813 -465,101 -448,301 -431,009 Environmental Compliance and Sustainability
used to supply electricity to its light rail vehicles, and is currently
Net Emissions -4,069 -3,933 -86,433 -73,827 -57,461 -40,758 piloting a new system that uses a pulley and balance weight to
tighten wires as they sag.
Messenger Wire
THE SUPPLY CHAIN Contact Wire Pulley
In 2017, Metro continued to partner with CDP to work with its
supply chain program to benchmark, manage, and provide
meaningful reporting on supply chain impacts as they relate Contact Strip
to climate change, resiliency, and GHG emission reductions.
Thirty-one suppliers responded to Metro’s invitation to report
to CDP for 2017 which corresponds to a 37% response rate
from selected suppliers. These suppliers reported reductions Pantograph Balance
of 1.9 million tons of CO2 through sustainable supply chain Weight
management activities. Metro will continue to encourage our
suppliers to participate in CDP’s supply chain program since
they represent upstream GHG emissions which indirectly OCS
contribute to Metro’s overall impact. Support High
Pole Temperature
Stop
Catenary system overview Catenary system resiliency featureHIGHLIGHT:
“One of the key benefits of the Chevy Bolts is that they have no tailpipe emissions,
GREEN which reduces the emission of pollutants into the air in the Los Angeles metropolitan
PROCUREMENT area, thereby improving overall air quality.”
Andrew Quinn
Sr. Environmental Specialist, Metro ECSD
Metro strives to integrate environmental considerations Based on the findings and recommendations of the BEV assessment
into procurement decisions and evaluate the environmental report, Metro’s Non-Revenue Department initiated a pilot project to
consequences of a product throughout its lifecycle. To this end, purchase and deploy ten all-electric Chevy Bolts in 2017. The Bolt has
Metro consistently evaluates new products and technologies that a range of 238 miles on a single charge and fully recharges in about
advance resource efficiency, pollution reduction, and air quality 9 hours. The current fleet is expected to drive about 37,000 miles per
improvement efforts. year and avoid consuming about 1,000 gallons of gasoline during
the same period when compared to Toyota Camry hybrids.
In addition to the bus, rail, and vanpool fleet vehicles that provide
revenue services, Metro owns a fleet of non-revenue sedans, To support implementation, Metro installed 18 charging stations
trucks, and SUVs. Metro’s non-revenue fleet is comprised of in 2017 with the support of Facilities Maintenance and General
vehicles that do not carry fare-paying passengers and do not have Services to provide local fueling capacity to the BEV fleet.
any revenue associated with their operation but still play a critical Additionally, Non-Revenue partnered with the Environmental
role in ensuring excellence in service and support. In 2017 through Compliance and Sustainability Department (ECSD) and the
the Environmental Management System, Metro’s Non-Revenue Talent Development department to produce a BEV driver training
Department evaluated the viability of purchasing battery electric program to familiarize Metro employees with the specifics of BEV
vehicles (BEVs) for the non-revenue fleet. operation and the Chevy Bolt.
Metro calculated the total cost of ownership (TCO) for eight Based on the initial success of the pilot project, Metro is planning to
commercially available BEVs and concluded that the all-electric expand the BEV fleet with an additional 20 Chevy Bolts in 2018- 2019.
Chevy Bolt could meet Metro’s needs while offering a lower TCO at New vehicles will be deployed to bus and rail divisions to support
year ten than a Toyota Camry hybrid. driver relief operations and to replace retiring Toyota Camry hybrids.
15%
Dan Ramirez and Andrew Quinn
“The BEV pilot project provides an opportunity to see how new vehicle technology By 2019, over
works in Metro’s operating environment while working towards agency and state
emission reduction goals.”
Dan Ramirez Projected Cumulative Avoided GHG Emissions of Expanded BEV Fleet
Sr. Director, Metro Non-Revenue Fleet Maintenance of Metro’s non-revenue
sedan fleet will be BEVs
258
250
200
200
142
Metric Tons CO2e Avoided
150
100
83
50
25
2
0
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Cumulative Avoided Emissions28 | 2018 Metro Energy & Resource Report | Community
COMMUNITY
MORE THAN JUST TRANSIT GROWING A GREENER WORKFORCE 2017 Program Participation
Metro’s commitment to serving Los Angeles County extends sustainability knowledge base of the local professionals that Metro Growing a Greener Workforce (GGW) is a cross-departmental
beyond transportation infrastructure. Metro is dedicated to partners with to provide excellence in service and support. and community partnership designed to raise awareness within attendees metro staff community
engaging with the community in transformative ways and Metro and across Los Angeles County about environmental
Metro strives to provide resources and services beyond the core G - PRO
providing resources that advance connectivity and community and sustainability principles. The program began in January 169 40
transit system that encourage community health and participation
health. While the APTA framework does not include metrics related 2017 with classes in the Envision Rating System and Green
in sustainability efforts. For example, the on-going “Go Metro to Envision 180 91
to social sustainability, Metro views community engagement as a Professional (G-PRO) training. By learning together, GGW fosters
Farmers’ Markets” initiative connects communities with fresh
critical component of the sustainability program, fulfilling the three the development of authentic relationships and inspires the
produce and supports Los Angeles’s regional health and wellness
dimensions of sustainability: social, environmental, and economic. community to collaborate and innovate through exposure to
goals. The addition of new community mobility programs such
sustainability ideas.
In order to drive sustainable change in the region, Metro is working as Bike Share and public electric vehicle (EV) charging stations
to build internal and community capacity through environmental enhance regional connectivity while promoting community use of Transforming Los Angeles through transportation will take a
education and green workforce development programs. These sustainable transportation options. myriad of talents and GGW is building a common vocabulary
programs create economic opportunity and increase the across professional fields of expertise from which such
innovation can flourish. GGW is the first time that Metro has
created a learning environment to bring employees and the
greater community together side-by-side. This highly diverse
team of internal and external stakeholders each contribute unique
tools, networks, and strategies to fulfill agency and regional
sustainability goals.
GGW Envision class in session
GROWING A GREENER WORKFORCE
COURSE OFFERINGS
G-PRO “Often, those of us in ‘traditional’ jobs
assume that sustainability has nothing to
Comprehensive green building and
do with us. That’s not true. Envision neatly
certificate program developed with and relates sustainability to all aspects of
for those who build and operate building Metro’s business, from day-one planning,
infrastructure. The course introduces to finance, engineering, construction, daily
participants to the principles of green operations and maintenance. It encourages
good governance and accountability,
concepts and terminology.
and considers everything that infrastructure impacts, including
stakeholders. This manages the present while being mindful of
the future. Through Envision I’ve learned new, healthier strategies
Envision for Metro’s business. I can promote and support more holistic
International rating system used partnerships across departments.”
to measure the sustainability of an
Anika-Aduesa Smart, ENV SP
infrastructure project from design
Manager, Metro Emergency & Homeland Security Preparedness
through construction and maintenance Integrated Communications Liaison and Geospatial
across a variety of categories. Technology Unit
Emergency Management
Farmers market, Santa Monica30 | 2018 Metro Energy & Resource Report | Community
COMMUNITY EV CHARGERS
In 2017, Metro installed 14 public EV chargers at four stations in the equivalent of providing 383,117 miles of driving range. When
order to provide additional charging capacity for the LA region. compared to internal combustion engines, the charging service
With the addition of these new chargers, Metro now offers a provided by Metro displaced vehicular emissions by 86.2 MT CO2e.
network of 68 chargers at 16 public parking lots across Los Angeles. Metro is continuing to expand its charger network to new locations
These public charging stations are available to all Metro parking and is further defining a long-term vision for EV infrastructure with
patrons and provided 125,202 kWh of electricity in 2017, which is the development of an Electric Vehicle Implementation Plan.
METRO BIKE SHARE Metro Community EV Charge Stations
Metro Bike Share is expanding Metro’s transit offerings with a
zero-emissions transit mode that improves health and well-being.
th
EV
Entering its second year of operation, the Bike Share program or
sw
pe
EV
ge
grew in 2017 by opening new stations in Pasadena, Port of Los at
a
Ho
lle
ill
Ch
M ia e V
Co
da of
Angeles, and Venice. This expansion doubled the number of bikes
d r
in ity
us
ca ad
h
le
Du ovia
Ir te/C
tr
Ar a M
available and increased the number of miles traveled by 7%, from
Ci
r
ar
U/
r
on
er
w
355,000 miles in 2016 to 379,118 miles in 2017. Metro is the only
AP
ty
Si
Ci
transit authority with a bike share program that allows integrated
o
di
tu
payment services. Payments are designed to match riders’ needs
/S
ty
ga
GOLD LINE
Ci
with monthly passes, flex passes, individual ride fares and rider
no
al
Ca
rs
relief coupons. With a total of 1,500 bicycles, 125 stations, and ORANGE LINE
ive
EV
Un
more than 163 MT CO2e diverted, the Bike Share program is a
remarkable success. R
ED
LI
EV EV N
E
Bike Share Stats EV
Total Trips 107,921
Miles Traveled 379,118 PURPLE LINE
PURPLE LINE EXTENSION
Estimated Calories Burned 8,458,414
Union Station EV
REGIONAL
on
Estimated Carbon Offset (MT CO2e) 163 CONNECTOR
rs
ffe
Je
ic
a/
nt
eg
la
en
At
Ci
La
EXPO LINE
Metro’s EV charging service displaced
86.2
BIKE HUBS
SILVER LINE
The first Metro Bike Hub opened at El Monte Station in 2015.
BLUE LINE
In 2017, Metro expanded this service by opening two new Bike
Hub locations at Union Station and the Hollywood/Vine Station.
EV MT
Managed by a Small Business Enterprise-certified contractor,
the Hubs offer same-day repairs, accessory sales, bike classes,
CO2e
and onsite staff assistance, as well as secure parking for over of vehicular emissions in 2017
250 bikes combined. These services play an important role in
k
improving connectivity by expanding infrastructure and services
al
w
for transit passengers’ first/last mile.
or
GREEN LINE
N
N
Additional bike hubs are planned at Culver City Station,
Willowbrook/Rosa Parks Station, North Hollywood Station,
and the Airport Metro Connector station. El Segundoo EV
St
EV ill
ow EV
Metro Bike Hub, El Monte Station W
Stations Installed in 2017
Existing StationsHIGHLIGHT:
SUSTAINABILITY
COUNCIL
PURPOSE
Introduced in 2016 and formed in response to a Metro Board voting members representing a range of sectors and stakeholder
directive, the Sustainability Council supports Metro’s sustainability groups with expertise in sustainability and transportation. In
program by advising and providing recommendations on matters 2017, the Council formed four subcommittees to address both
such as policies, operations, construction, and maintenance immediate and future focus areas related to Metro’s sustainability
processes that further Metro’s goal of delivering a sustainable efforts. The four subcommittees include: Resource Management,
transit system to LA County. The Council is composed of 26 Electrification, Partnerships, and Metro 27. From left to right: Peter Meng, Dr. Tona Nikl-Rodriguez, Doug Dietrich, Fernando Cazares, Roy Thun, Mike Kempton, Anthony Bower, Aki Luukkainen,
Pavitra Rammohan, Dominique Hargreaves, John Williams, Joel Levin, Dr. Hilda Blanco, Paul Backstrom, Joe Ablay, Berwyn Salazar, Carolina Coppola,
Dr. Cris Liban, Dilara El-Assaad, and Mayor Thomas Small
MISSION GOALS SUSTAINABILTY COUNCIL SUB-COMMITTEES
The mission of the Sustainability Council is to advise Metro
> Increase awareness of multi-benefit sustainability-related leading
industry practices and best practices for inclusion in all public > Resource Management > Electrification > Partnerships > Metro 27
regarding its sustainability-related activities and projects;
continually improve sustainability efforts by developing targets, discussions and decision-making processes Evaluates the needs and Focuses on expanding Focuses on developing Focuses on the next 10
> Advise in the development of Metro’s sustainability goals, establish feasibility for a Regional the electrification of a work plan to identify years of Metro’s growth
metrics, and strategies; and serve as a successful proof of concept
for cities it serves in achieving stated sustainability program goals. targets and performance measures, align with regional greenhouse Advance Mitigation Program Metro’s non-fleet vehicles and recommend the best and on preparations for
gas reduction targets (SB375) and other relevant air pollution targets, (RAMP) and identifies and increasing access to partnership opportunities to the 2028 Olympics
and assist in the tracking and reporting on a quarterly basis additional natural resources charging stations enhance Metro’s plans for the
> Increase involvement of local small business and inform the larger issues sustainability of our system
public on sustainability efforts and related training
> Improve understanding by our constituents and stakeholders of
the sustainability-related efforts and opportunities at Metro
The Metro Sustainability Council has brought
together over 30 organizations representing the
MEMBER REPRESENTED SECTORS
diverse interests of non-profits, businesses, and
community. The common thread has been to > Academic research/innovation
assist Metro in being the absolute best and most
sustainable. While Los Angeles is undergoing > Associated general services
sustainability planning at the County and City level,
transportation and its effect on quality of life is the
> County of LA Sustainability Officer
tie that binds our region together. I’m proud of the Council, its leadership, > Countywide planning
and the Metro staff who’ve dedicated themselves to this important effort.
> Design professionals
Dominique Hargreaves
Vice-Chair, Metro Sustainability Council 2017-2018 > Foreign interest /advocacy
Executive Director, US Green Building Council Los Angeles
> Green building industry
This council has created an avenue to communicate
> LA City Mayor’s Sustainability Officer
Metro’s projects and accomplishments to an > Landscape infrastructure/design
international audience. With a GDP of over $700 billion
in 2017, LA County is the nation’s top county economy. > Non-governmental organizations: climate, habitat,
Given the enormous impact L.A. has on the nation energy, material resources, social environmental justice,
and the world, companies around the globe look to water quality, water resources
LA for guidance and leadership on transportation,
environmental, and economic programs. Our council > Procurement
is a unique platform where Metro and the participants have the opportunity to
recruit top international companies and technologies to help solve some of the
> Public health
most pressing issues facing this region. > Real estate
Stephen Cheung > Small cities
Member, Metro Sustainability Council 2017-2018
President, World Trade Center Los Angeles34 | 2018 Metro Energy & Resource Report | Energy
ENERGY
POWER DOWN WHERE DOES IT GO?
PERFORMANCE METRIC Providing public transit is an inherently energy-intensive endeavor, Metro’s largest energy end use is vehicle fuel for its
but proactive measures such as adopting renewable energy transportation system. Around 92% of Metro’s energy is used
sources, energy efficient building design, deployment of renewable to move vehicles and rail cars, with the remaining 8% used to
Energy Use energy utilization, and energy conservation practices can reduce operate buildings. As Metro continues to transition its fleet to
energy use and costs for the agency. Metro’s commitment to electric buses, the energy needed for bus propulsion will shift
The energy use metric measures the efficiency by which energy stewardship is demonstrated by its 11 LEED certified from natural gas to electricity.
Metro uses energy to provide its transit service. Sources of buildings, representing nearly 2,000,000 square feet, and a
energy include electricity, natural gas, diesel, and gasoline, renewable energy policy that commits the agency to at least 33%
which are used in a variety of ways to operate and maintain renewable energy use by 2020.
Metro’s system. When normalized to account for an increase in service levels, Metro’s
energy use has remained steady since 2012. Because as much as
2017 Energy By End Use
80% of Metro’s energy consumption is used to power road vehicles,
minor gains in vehicle efficiency are poised to have a larger, positive
1.6%
impact on Metro’s overall energy use trend. These efficiency gains are
2%
expected to continue as fuel switching becomes more prevalent.
6.3%
Energy Use
80%
of Metro’s energy use
is vehicle fuel
12%
3.3%
1.2%
0.2%
1.8%
End Use
Electricity – Buildings – 6.3%
Electricity – CNG Compression – 2%
Electricity – Rail Propulsion – 12%
Diesel – Bus Fuel – 1.2%
70 Diesel–Non-Revenue – .02%
Gasoline – Non-Revenue – 1.8%
71.5%
60 Gasoline – Vanpool – 3.3%
3 3 3 Natural Gas – Bus Fuel – 71.5%
4 4 4
50 7 8 7 Natural Gas – Buildings – 1.6%
Megajoule (MJ) per Vehicle Revenue Mile
6 6 7
40
30
LOW HANGING FRUIT
46 47 47 46 45 44
20 In 2017, Metro began an initiative to upgrade the lighting these upgrades will reduce annual energy use at these sites
systems at its many parking lots and structures. After energy by 70% and approximately 200 hours in annual maintenance
and lighting audits were conducted at an initial four sites, replacing lamps. This first phase of projects is expected to
10
Metro began retrofitting nearly 1,000 light fixtures with LEDs be completed in 2019, and additional audits are underway to
and installing daylight harvesting and occupancy sensors. In identify more opportunities to reduce energy use and improve
0 addition to improving lighting conditions and patron safety, safety.
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Buildings Rail Propulsion Vehicle FuelYou can also read
