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Of SDN & NFV - www.zte.com.cn 2017 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.
ZTE Accelerates Operation
                                                           Transformation in the Era
                                                           of SDN & NFV

            www.zte.com.cn

            © 2017 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

1.5EN中兴通讯加速云化运营转型V10.0-xml-v11.indd 1-2                                            2017/4/17 17:10:03
Of SDN & NFV - www.zte.com.cn 2017 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.
To maximize the value of telecom       Contents
                                network virtualization, the
                                coordination or reconstruction of
                                OSS and Orchestrator has become
                                the development trend nowadays.        02 Overview
                                However, the future is far more than
                                                                       04 Trend and Progress
                                this…

                                                                       08 Challenges of Operation

                                                                       11 ZTE MICT-OS Solution for Operation
                                                                          Transformation

                                                                       35 Suggestions for Operation Transformation

                                                                       40 Abbreviations

1.5EN中兴通讯加速云化运营转型V10.0-xml-v11.indd 3-4                                                                              2017/4/17 17:10:03
Of SDN & NFV - www.zte.com.cn 2017 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.
Overview
                With the advent of the mobile Internet era, telecom operators are under increasing            As one of the leading telecom solution providers in the world, ZTE attaches high importance

                pressure to reduce costs, improve the utilization of network resources, enhance the           to telecom operation transformation amid ICT convergence and virtualization, and actively

                flexibility of network operation and maintenance, speed up the launch of services             participates in the development of standards and specifications and the research on open

                and offer customized services. In this context, virtualization technologies, with their       source technologies. ZTE has launched a comprehensive solution to MICT-OS cloud-based

                successful applications in the IT industry, have attracted the attention of operators.        operation transformation, which integrates the "design domain + O&M domain + operation

                Among those technologies, NFV, SDN and cloud computing are important trends for the           domain", uses global orchestration as the core engine, accelerates service innovation with
                future development of the telecom industry, and key factors that will reshape the telecom     the agile DevOps mode, and saves the OPEX with intelligent and automatic O&M. This

                industry. Meanwhile, standards organizations are working on the standardization of            solution accelerates operation transformation in the aspects of fulfillment, assurance, and

                virtual networks and their operation and maintenance. Telecom operation transformation        service capabilities, and makes it possible to achieve unified management across the three

                is an inevitable trend, and how to make such transformation is the main concern of            domains.

                operators.
                                                                                                              Telecom operation transformation needs to be promoted gradually to ensure a smooth

                For telecom operators, virtualized operation based on NFV, SDN and cloud computing            transition and convergence between the old and new networks. ZTE has offered a "three-

                are greatly different from the traditional telecom operation, so both challenges and          step" system transformation scheme, and proposed visions and recommendations

                opportunities exist in the operation transformation process. Only when telecom                regarding the telecom operator's transformation in organizational structure, personnel

                operators clearly recognize the problems that traditional operation will face in the era of   capabilities, and supporting process.

                virtualization and the various challenges that might arise during transformation, can they
                                                                                                              Operation transformation is a systematic project. Based on its profound understanding
                set clear goals of transformation and ensure transforming from current organizational
                                                                                                              and abundant experience in the telecom industry, ZTE can provide operators with
                structures, processes, systems and platforms to meet future development requirements.
                                                                                                              tailored comprehensive solutions and services, and work together with operators to make

                                                                                                              successful win-win transformation.

         02     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                                           ZTE Accelerates Operation
                                                                                                                                                                               Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV   03

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Of SDN & NFV - www.zte.com.cn 2017 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.
Trend and Progress
                In the next-generation network, the business mode of operators will be changed from only providing network

                support to dominantly controlling the network, and operators will have self-planning and self-design

                capabilities.

                SDN and NFV actually turn software into a crucial element of network establishment and networking

                technologies. The skills and strength related to software and software systems will become the real hard

                power of operators.

                In this background, operators are changing at an astonishing speed and magnitude. Most of the mainstream

                operators in the world have started cloud transformation.

                                                         ◆ China Mobile has launched the next-generation innovation network,             ◆ Orange has released the Essential 2020 strategy, which is centered on

                                                         NovoNet, in the industry, and has released the NovoNet 2020 strategic           providing unparalleled customer experience, building an agile network, and

                                                         vision. Oriented towards the future, China Mobile will fully promote            developing innovative businesses.

                                                         the development of the SDN/NFV industry in terms of top-level design,
                                                                                                                                         ◆ BT has launched strategic transformation, which is aimed at reducing
                                                         standards promotion, and open source development, actively build a
                                                                                                                                         costs, seeking growth, and providing high-quality customer experience.
                                                         NovoNet experimental network, make NovoNet network technologies and

                                                         management more mature, and aim to become a reliable digital service            ◆ Telefonica is building a unified UNICA infrastructure architecture and

                                                         expert.                                                                         deploying open-source MANO, to accelerate the transformation into a

                                                                                                                                         digital operator.
                                                         ◆ China Telecom has released the CTNet 2025 network architecture white

                                                         paper and started all-round intelligent network reconstruction.                 ◆ Vodafone is gradually implementing strategic transformation by

                                                                                                                                         focusing on high-quality network experience and adopting a customer-
                                                         ◆ China Unicom has released the next-generation network architecture
                                                                                                                                         centric business mode.
                                                         CUBE-Net 2.0 white paper, the goal of which is NaaS.
                                                                                                                                         ◆ DT uses software-defined operation as the core to achieve its strategic
                                                         ◆ AT&T launched its Domain 2.0 initiative in 2013, aiming at transitting into
                                                                                                                                         goal of being a leading operator.
                                                         a software company based on the software-defined network. According to

                                                         the transformation vision of AT&T, it will complete network transformation      ◆ NTT Docomo has set the medium-term and long-term goals of placing

                                                         by 2020, and then 75% of the entire network will be software and the            customers as the center, and expanding business scopes and ecological

                                                         company will become a software company.                                         cooperation to meet the growing demands of customers.

                                                         ◆ Verizon has proposed a step-by-step reconstruction solution to propel

                                                         itself to the forefront of 5G. This solution takes center stage on open

                                                         capabilities and ecological businesses.

         04     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                                                      ZTE Accelerates Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                          Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV   05

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Of SDN & NFV - www.zte.com.cn 2017 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.
Major standards organizations also put their focuses on the design of telecom O&M standards and

                models. Operators and equipment manufacturers actively participate in the research and play

                increasingly important roles, greatly improving the maturity of standards.

                With the number of members of open-source communities increasing rapidly, the iterative process of

                open source versions is accelerating and a variety of O&M-based open source technologies are emerging.

                           Organization                                                Features
                                                           The NSO&RO in the NFV domain involves the resource layer and service
                                                           layer. The standards have a higher maturity level, and operators and
                                                           manufacturers are highly involved. For NFV and SDN end-to-end
                                                    ETSI   orchestration, the ETSI proposed the NFVO and Wide Infrastructure
                                                           Management (WIM) architecture. In 2016 and 2017, focus has been put on
                                                                                                                                     Faced with challenges, operators are prepared
                                                           NS service orchestration, VNF information model, policy management,
                                                           and E2E management.                                                       and promoted for transformation. The cloud

                                                                                                                                     strategy comes with the possibility of a new
                                                           The new E2E orchestration system coordinates with the traditional OSS.
                      Standards                            An E2E global service analysis and assurance system is built to support   business perspective.
                                                    TMF
                                                           cross-domain network analysis and optimization, and to downgrade the
                    organization
                                                           traditional OSS.                                                          Nowadays, under the imminent demand of

                                                           LSO MAN-oriented orchestration of the MEF is based on the TMF eTOM        operation transformation, how to transform is
                                                           model, and uses layering and nesting to achieve E2E management. E2E       the key issue that operators are facing.
                                                    MEF
                                                           management includes the Design, Fulfillment, Assurance, Billing, and
                                                           Usage of resources (PNF/VNF), services, and products.

                                                           The 5G NORMA builds a highly flexible network to meet different
                                                5G NORMA   application scenarios of the new 5G mobile network. The focus is to
                                                           implement an E2E automated logical network through network slicing.

                                                           OPEN-O is an open-source community led by China Mobile, and it is
                                                           divided into different sub-projects, including the NFVO, SDNO, GSO,
                                                           Common Service, VNF on-board, and CI/CD. The GSO coordinates end-
                                                 OPEN-O    to-end orchestration of NFVOs/SDNOs, integrates NMS functions, and
                                                           receives FCAPSs reported by the EMS. In Release I, the GSO focuses
                                                           more on resource orchestration. The G-VNFM provides VNF lifecycle
                    Open source                            management in a unified VNFD.

                     community                             The ETSI community led by Telefonica provides production quality open-
                                                           source management and orchestration (MANO) that matches the ETSI
                                                           NFV information model, to meet the requirements of a commercial NFV
                                                           network. It is divided into a design domain and O&M domain. The NSO
                                                    OSM    implements automatic end-to-end service orchestration, and separates
                                                           VNF configuration and resource orchestration. The OSM proposes a
                                                           generic VNFM.

         06     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                         ZTE Accelerates Operation
                                                                                                                                                             Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV   07

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Of SDN & NFV - www.zte.com.cn 2017 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.
The traditional OSS
                                                                                                                                       is facing various
                                                                                                                                           challenges
                                                                                                       01                                                                                           06

                                                                                                                      02                                                          05

                Challenges
                                                                                                                                   03                       04

                of Operation
                                                                                                  The vertical silo                                                               In addition, the enclosed
                                                                                                  O&M mode is deep-                                                               system is hard to provide
                                                                                                  rooted, and makes                                                               open capabilities to
                                                                                                  unified management                                                              external systems, so it
                                                                                                  difficult.                                                                      cannot create greater
                                                                                                                                                                                  value for operators.

                The progress of digital transformation is driving operators to change their
                                                                                                  The traditional OSS is    The manual              During the                    The existing OSS
                traditional operation systems. In the future, the traditional BSS/OSS system
                                                                                                  hard to provide end-      deployment and          application of a              design does not take
                will inevitably evolve towards a large and flat cloud platform, which can meet
                                                                                                  to-end solutions such     upgrade procedures      new technology or             into consideration
                the highly-efficient operation requirements from operators, as well as flexible
                                                                                                  as service fulfillment,   and many other          service, due to the           the automatic
                innovation requirements from partners and customized requirements from            and it does not           specific hardware       restrictions brought          processing of a large
                consumers.                                                                        support automatic         management and          about by software             amount of data, and is
                                                                                                  and flexible              planning processes      and hardware O&M              therefore hard to meet
                                                                                                  regrouping services       lead to higher costs.   to service innovation,        future development
                                                                                                  and components                                    the service time-to-          requirements.
                                                                                                  in accordance with                                market is too long,
                                                                                                  availability, loads,                              making innovation
                                                                                                  and demands.                                      difficult.

         08     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                                         ZTE Accelerates Operation
                                                                                                                                                                             Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV   09

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Of SDN & NFV - www.zte.com.cn 2017 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.
Of course, during the process of transforming operation and building a next-generation operation system,

                                                                                                                                         ZTE MICT-OS
                operators are also faced with a series of problems:

                                                                                                                                         Solution for
                                                                  How to achieve      With many network
                                                          flexible and easy-to-use    layers and more suppliers,

                                                                                                                                         Operation
                                                 automatic orchestration, and         cooperation between
                                                 build a flexible and intelligent     manufacturers and problem
                                                                 flexible network.    locating become difficult.         As

                                                                                                                                         Transformation
                                  How the                                                                           interfaces

                                corresponding                                                                      on different

                              telecom O&M process,                                                                 layers are not

                             organizational structure, and                                                    fully standardized,

                            personnel capabilities can meet                                             interconnection between

                            future O&M requirements.                                            manufacturers is difficult and the
                                                                                                    preliminary integration period       Telecom operation transformation is imperative. Confronted with
                                                                         How                                                  is long.
                                                                                                                                         challenges, ZTE proposes an overall MICT-OS operation integration
                                                         to meet capability
                                                                                                                                         solution to help operators build an automatic, agile, intelligent and
                               exposure requirements, provide
                                                                                             How to meet the coordinated                 open next-generation operation system and accelerate the pace of
                               on-demand network services
                                                                                                management, assurance, and
                                  and applications, and further                                                                          operation transformation.
                                                                                                   security requirements in
                                    build an innovative
                                                                                                    the cloud network.
                                        ecosystem to create
                                            greater for                  How to achieve real-
                                                 operators .             time, automatic, and
                                                                       self-service fulfillment.

                In conclusion, the next-generation operation system of operators is no longer a simple back-end O&M

                system or a simple Service Online system, but a customer-facing frontend service system and value

                creation system that can achieve DIY "Service-On-Demand". It is a customer-facing product and solution

                development platform, operation platform, and eco-chain building platform that integrates operators'

                network resources, IT resources, user resources, third-party contents and applications, and will gradually

                become an operating system for operators to carry out operation.

                Facing all these challenges, the next-generation Operation Support System (OSS) should be virtualized,

                automated, simplified, optimizable and intelligent.

         10     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                                                 ZTE Accelerates Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                     Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV   11

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ZTE MICT-OS Next-Generation
                                                     Automatic                                 Intelligent Operation System Blueprint
                                                                                               ZTE proposes an overall MICT-OS operation integration solution to build an automatic, agile, intelligent,

                                 Agile                                                         and open next-generation operation system and help operators accelerate the pace of operation

                                                                                               transformation.

                                                                                                                  Customer                                           Enterprise                                               Partner
                                                                                                       Customer self-service                            Enterprise self-managemen                             Third-party cooperation

                  Intelligent
                                                                                                                           Self-Service Portal                                                                OpenAPI
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Traditional
                                                                                                 BSS Product Catalog                CRM              Order Mgt             Product-O          Market Mgt               Billing                                   S/PRM
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       BSS

                                                                                                 OSS                                Global Manager                          Global Orchestrator                                   Global Assurance
                                                                                                  Planning & Design                         GI                               Global Service-O                                     Unified maintenance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      and diagnosis                                 Traditional
                                                                                                    Catalog service                  Global dashboard                 Service     Service       Lifecycle
                                                                                                    management                                                     orchestration activation    management                                 Policy cente                                 OSS
                                                                                                                                       Global asset
                                                                                                    Network service                    management
                                                                                                       planning                                                                                                                    Intelligent analysis

                                 Open
                                                                                                                                     Global topology
                                                                                                  Service model design                 management

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   management

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      performance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     management

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Performance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                           Global Resource-O

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Real-time

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Service
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                QoS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Fault
                                                                                                  Policy and rule design                    GP
                                                                                                                                  E2E resource activation
                                                                                                                                                                                    NFVO
                                                                                                     Online test and
                                                                                                       verification                                                                   Network     Cross-domain            Concentrated data storage                                   Big data
                                                                                                                                 E2E resource configuration
                                                                                                   Version distribution                                               SDNO             service      resource
                                                                                                                                                                                    orchestration orchestration
                                                                                                      management                   E2E southbound adap                                                                      Real-time data collection

                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Convergence, management,
                                                                                                                 EMS                                        SDNC                      VNFM             VIM         and control layer

                                                                                                  Legacy Network                    SDN Network                                     VNF/APP         Infrastructure                      NFV Cloud
                                                                                                     Domain                           Domain                                                                                            Domain

                                                                                                                            ZTE MICT-OSTM All-Around Convergence and Operation Blueprint

                                                                                             Automatic                            Agile                                                 Intelligent                                                   Open

                ZTE MICT-OS
                                                                                                deploying fast                             introducing a design                                    optimizing network                                                 opening capabilities
                                                                     TM                         and automatic                              domain, which uses DevOps                               models and policy                                                  and providing external

                                                                                                orchestration to                           as a means to promote                                   design by centering                                                programmable
                                                                                                                                           agile development and                                   on intelligent                                                     interfaces to attract
                                                                                                implement automatic
                                                                                                                                           deployment of innovative                                analysis, to build                                                 partners, develop
                                                                                                hosted O&M based on
                The operation transformation solution from ZTE is dedicated to building an                                                 services, shorten the                                   an intelligent O&M                                                 innovative applications,
                                                                                                strategic closed-loop
                automatic, agile, intelligent, and open next-generation operation system.                                                  time-to-market of new                                   system.                                                            dig out the potential
                                                                                                control.                                   services, improve the                                                                                                      services value, expand
                                                                                                                                           market competitiveness                                                                                                     the industrial chain, and
                                                                                                                                           of operators, and reduce                                                                                                   build a win-win digital
                                                                                                                                           CAPEX and OPEX for                                                                                                         ecological chain.
                                                                                                                                           operators.

         12     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ZTE Accelerates Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV   13

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Building a "Design Domain" to
                                                                                                                                   Online blueprint design: The component uses

                Improve Self-planning and Self-
                                                                                                                                   a template-based design idea, and provides

                                                                                                                                   abundant and mature templates for various

                design Capabilities
                                                                                                                                   application scenarios. Based on open source

                                                                                                                                   design tools, the blueprint designer integrates

                                                                                                                                   the existing design ideas of ZTE and can meet the

                                                                                                                                   development trend of the industry. The blueprint     The design process is graphical with a clear

                As an important component of ZTE's cloud operation transformation solution, the planning and design                designer supports TOSCA, YANG, HOT, ZTE, and         structure. A designer can drag components from

                module, through micro-service UI integration and unified permission management, implements                         other model specifications, and the blueprint        the component library to complete design, with

                centralized planning and product design, network and service design, model design, policy design,                  description file supports YAML and XML formats.      no need of professional guidance. This achieves

                indicator and process design, model verification, and test verification, separates the design                      The supported model specifications are irrelevant    minute-level design.

                environment and verification environment, and provides centralized directory, software warehouse,                  with the OpenStack and VMware platforms.
                and version management, and distribution management from the design environment to production

                environment.
                                                                                                                                                                                  Key
                                                                                                                                                                              features of
                                                                                                                                                                               planning
                                                                                                                                                                              and design
                                                                      Portal

                                                                                                                                                                              component
                                                                        MSB
                                              High-end planning and designer
                                                                                                                    Distribution

                         Planning          Network/
                                                                                                                                   The software warehouse integrates abundant           The component integrates automatic test tools,
                                                         Model                  KPI/      Test and
                         and               resource                  Policy                              Delivery
                                                         mapping                process   verification
                                                                                                                                   capability component packages, which can be          and supports all-round verification tests upon
                         product           service                   design
                                                         design                 design
                         design            design
                                                                                                                                   uploaded by users locally or obtained from the       model design and the network.
                                                                                                                      API

                                                                                                                                   development resource library on the Internet. This

                                                                                                                                   achieves on-demand DIY planning and design.
                                       Catalog                     Software warehouse

                                          Architecture of Planning and Design Components

                With the introduction of the design domain, the model blueprint design on different layers can be

                completed online, and then released to the execution domain through the delivery after being tested

                and verified.

         14     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ZTE Accelerates Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                                               Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV   15

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Taking End-to-End Global
                                                                                         Orchestration As the Core Engine of
                                                                  ve                     Fulfillment and Operation
                                                                       r

                                                                    ifi
                      ig n

                                                                                         First originated in the field of art, orchestration refers to the arrangement and combination of music,

                                                                      ca
                  d es

                                                                                         dances, and other elements in accordance with a certain purpose, in order to achieve the best results and

                                                                        tio n
                                                                                         output magnificent music and graceful dances.

                                                                                         Extended to the area of ICT intelligent O&M management, orchestration means that to meet user

                                                                                         demands, various network service resources are arranged and organized in order, so that, various

                                                                                         components of the network can operate in a balanced and coordinated way. After orchestration, the

                                                                                         network can provide services that meet automatic deployment requirement, are capable of rapid
                                                                                         deployment and dynamic adjustment, and can be used repeatedly.

                                                    delivery                             The orchestrator is the core engine of the entire intelligent cloud O&M system, similar to a wise brain.

                                                                                         As the core component in the cloud operation transformation solution, ZTE's Global Orchestration

                                                                                         complies with industry standards, provides open interfaces, helps operators achieve efficient

                                                                                         orchestration of services and resources, and automatically completes network deployment and

                                                                                         fulfillment.

                   The agile closed-loop process of "design + verification + delivery"                   Product                              BSS/Product O
                   runs through the entire lifecycle of the network. That is, the
                                                                                                         Service
                   component not only completes network planning and design                                                                 GSO           Service-O
                                                                                                                                                                               Service
                                                                                                                                                                              Activation
                   before deployment, and automatically deploys the network                                          Legacy
                   rapidly, but also completes continuous design, optimization, and
                                                                                                                                                                      NFVO
                                                                                                                      OSS                   GRO
                   delivery during the network execution process.                                                                                                            SDNO

                   This component is a critical link in the agile DevOps process,                        Resource
                                                                                                                      EMS
                   enabling the self-planning and self-design capabilities to be fully                                                                   VNFM-G                    SDN
                                                                                                                                                                                 Controller
                   realized.                                                                                                                 VNF
                                                                                                                              VNF
                                                                                                                     PNF                          PaaS

                                                                                                                                                  VIM                               WLAN/A
                                                                                                                                                                                     ccess

                                                                                                                       ZTE Global Orchestrator in a Network

         16     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                                                ZTE Accelerates Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                    Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV   17

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Global Service Orchestrator (GSO)                                                                                Global Resource Orchestrator (GRO)

                ZTE's Global Orchestrator includes two parts: Global Service Orchestrator (GSO) and Global Resource              The Global Resource Orchestrator (GRO) provides abundant resource orchestration

                Orchestrator (GRO). They coordinate and cooperate with each other.                                               capabilities. It makes the orchestration process visible, orchestration outputs

                                                                                                                                 standard, the deployment process automatic, and service fulfillment intelligent.
                Global Service Orchestrator (GSO): implements full process management from request to implementation
                                                                                                                                 Through unified orchestration of network service resources, the GRO shortens
                of all user order services from the BSS or the self-service portal. The GSO must support the transition
                                                                                                                                 the deployment period from several months in the past to several days, greatly
                of order services to network resources (including traditional network resources, SDN resources, and
                                                                                                                                 improving the network fulfillment efficiency.
                virtual NE resources), and support a uniform information model (productv →service→ resource). The

                GSO implements customer-facing service orchestration, shields details on the bottom layer of service             The GRO provides powerful, intelligent, and visual orchestration capabilities, and can

                implementation, and provides users with a simple and easy-to-use self-service orchestration portal, so           implement global resource orchestration among multiple domains, multiple tenants,

                that users can select services and networks freely.                                                              multiple VIMs/DCs/VDCs, multiple manufacturers, or hybrid networks, meeting

                                                                                                                                 orchestration requirements such as vCS, vIMS, vUDS, vEPC, VoLTE, vVAS, vIPRAN,
                The GSO includes the following functional modules: model designer, service orchestrator, service lifecycle
                                                                                                                                 vCPE, and 5G slicing. In addition, the GRO also supports joint orchestration of VNF
                management, service activation, NBI, and SBI.
                                                                                                                                 and PNF, and coordination with the EMS. By adopting model description languages
                During service orchestration, the GSO provides a unified interface with open capabilities to external systems,   (such as TOSCA, HOT, and YANG) that meet industry standards, the GRO is open,
                receives service order requests, and internally converts service orders into the required network service        standard, and generic, and fully decoupled from vendors.
                or slicing requirements. Through the NFV orchestration capability provided by the NFVO, the GSO further

                coordinates with the SDNO, and finally implements orchestration, fulfillment, and activation of E2E services.

         18     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                                                         ZTE Accelerates Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                             Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV   19

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GRO                                                             During resource orchestration, the GRO provides a unified open interface to receive NSD

                                                                                                              orchestration requests from the GSO. The NFVO converts NSD orchestration requests into

                                                                                                              network resource requirements of network services. If the required network resource is a
                                                                      The GRO includes two core               cross-DC/VDC network connection requirement, the NFVO further coordinates with SDNO
                                                                      components: NFVO and SDNO.
                          NFVO                           SDNO
                                                                                                              to implement the end-to-end network service orchestration, fulfillment, and activation.
                                                                      They closely cooperate with each

                                                                      other and coordinate with the

                                                                      cloud network.

                                                                                                                                     Automatic deployment

                                                                                                                          It includes E2E deployment of the hardware resource

                                                                                                                      layer, the virtual layer, NSs, VNFs, SDNs, etc. Based on

                                                                                                                  the NSD and VNFD from orchestration outputs, the GRO

                                                                                                               automatically initiates NSs and VNFs, and also deploys
                NFVO: implements unified orchestration of E2E resources in the NFV field, provides power
                                                                                                             the SDN network connection.
                orchestration capabilities of NFV computing, storage, and network resources, and supports
                                                                                                                                                                                        Automatic test
                policy-based unified orchestration and lifecycle management in the network. Local policy

                management includes the resource allocation policy and elastic scaling policy. Lifecycle                                            The                                The GRO supports the

                management includes registration, instantiation, scaling, upgrade, and termination of                                         GRO provides fast                    automatic test suite, which

                network services. NFVO interfaces are flexible and open, and can interconnect with third-                                    and automatic one-                        can perform automatic

                party VNFMs and third-party VIMs. The NFVO can be integrated with specific VNFMs and                                          key deployment                     dialup tests and verifications

                a generic VNFM. Through specific VNFMS, the NFVO manages all VNFs in all ZTE fields;                                           and fulfillment                    of the network and services.

                through the generic VNFM, the NFVO manages third-party VNFs.                                                                     capability
                                                                                                            Service fulfillment and
                SDNO: implements E2E network resource orchestration in the SDN field, supports
                                                                                                             activation
                multi-vendor and multi-domain interconnection management of SDN controllers, and

                implements network connection orchestration between the Access, WAN, and DCs/VDCs, so          After deployment, the system automatically executes

                that the network changes with the cloud platform. The SDNO supports unified orchestration         scripts of service configuration which is pre-orchestrated

                of resources in the IP optical network coordination and hybrid VFN and PNF. The SDNO                 and perform one-key fulfillment and activation of

                includes SDN resource management, SDN lifecycle management, and management and                            service.

                interface modules such as NBI and SBI. It supports Underlay/Overlay network resource

                orchestration and SDN-based SFC orchestration.

         20     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                                                   ZTE Accelerates Operation
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GRO features:

                    Feature                                                       Description                                                Feature                                             Description
                                            ◆ Provides a visual orchestration tool.                                                                         ◆ Supports backup and restore.

                                            ◆ Supports mainstream model definition languages (TOSCA/HOT/YANG/AWS) in the industry.           High           ◆ Supports local and remote disaster recovery.

                                            ◆ Supports policy-based orchestration.                                                           availability   ◆ Supports the distributed architecture.

                                            ◆ Supports cross-domain, cross-network, multi-VIM, multi-DC, multi-VDC, and end-to-end                          ◆ Supports cold/hot migration of VMs, and self-healing and regeneration of VMs.

                                            orchestration.
                                                                                                                                                            ◆ Supports joint orchestration of multiple manufacturers.
                                            ◆ Supports joint orchestration between NFV and SDN domains.
                    Orchestration
                                            ◆ Orchestration capabilities in the NFV domain: The GRO supports orchestration of vIMS, vCS,
                                                                                                                                                            ◆ Supports VIMs of multiple manufacturers, such as the OpenStack, Amazon public cloud,
                    functions                                                                                                                               and PaaS platforms of ZTE TECS, VMware, Redhat, HP Helion, Ericsson, Nokia, Ubuntu, and
                                            vUDC, vVoLTE, vEPC, vCPE, vBRAS, vVAS, and vIP-RAN.
                                                                                                                                             Multi-vendor   WindRiver.
                                            ◆ Orchestration capabilities in the SDN domain: The GRO supports end-to-end Overlay and
                                                                                                                                                            ◆ Supports VNFs of multiple manufacturers, such as the Sangfor SSL-Proxy, Radisys vMRF.
                                            Underlay network orchestration, intra-DC SDN orchestration and inter-DC SDN orchestration, IP
                                            optical coordination, and orchestration of VLAN, VxLAN, MAN L2/L3 VPN, WAN L3VPN, and IPSEC.                    ◆ Supports NFVOs of multiple manufacturers, such as the ZTE vManager and HP Director.

                                            ◆ Supports joint orchestration between the VPN and PNF, and coordination with the EMS.                          ◆ Supports VM management, including KVM and VMware, and container management.

                                            ◆ Supports third-party VNF orchestration.
                                                                                                                                                            ◆ Supports cross-site and cross-DC orchestration, and supports cross-DC deployment.

                                            ◆ Supports fast and automatic one-key deployment and fulfillment.                                Multi-DC,      ◆ Supports VDC orchestration and deployment.

                                            ◆  Supports end-to-end integrated deployment: automatic deployment from the bottom layer,        multi-tenant   ◆ Supports cross-DC SDN network orchestration and deployment.

                                            virtual layer, to upper-layer NSs, VNFs, and SDNs.                                                              ◆ Supports multi-tenant management, isolation, and audit.
                                            ◆ Supports automatic hardware discovery and installation of the cloud platform.
                    Fulfillment                                                                                                                             ◆ Supports open Os-Ma-nfvo, Or-Vnfm, Or-Vi, and Vi-Vnfm interfaces.
                                            ◆ Supports automatic instantiation of NSs and VNFs based on the NSD and VNFD in
                    functions
                                            orchestration.                                                                                                  ◆ Supports interconnection with third-party NFVOs, VNFMs, and VIMs.

                                            ◆ Supports automatic deployment of SDN network links.                                                           ◆ Os-Ma-nfvo northbound interfaces: The GRO supports SNMP alarm, FTP performance, and
                                                                                                                                             Open
                                            ◆ Automatically executes service configuration scripts to.                                                      Restful lifecycle management interfaces.
                                                                                                                                             interfaces
                                            ◆ Provides an automatic test suite.                                                                             ◆ Or-Vi and Vi-Vnfm interfaces: The GRO supports OpenStack and VMware interfaces.

                                                                                                                                                            ◆ Or-Vi: The GRO supports the Restful interface.

                                            ◆ Supports policy-based orchestration and resource allocation.                                                  ◆ SDNO-SDN controller interface: The GRO supports the Restful or Restconf interface.
                    Local policy
                                            ◆ Supports policy-based elastic scale-in/out.

                                            ◆ Supports template management, instantiation, upgrade, termination, and scale-in/out of
                                            NSs and VNFs.
                    Lifecycle
                                            ◆ VM management: The GRO supports the creation, deletion, starting, stopping, restarting,
                    management
                                            cold migration, hot migration, self-healing, and regeneration of VMs.
                                            ◆ Supports elastic scale-in/out and scale-up/down.
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Multi-
                                            ◆ Automatically associates NFVI alarms and VNF alarms for root cause analysis of alarms.
                                                                                                                                                                               Hybrid            Domain
                    FCAPS                                                                                                                                                                                          Multi-
                                            ◆ Collects data of NFVI performance, VNF KPI and performance threshold alarms.
                                                                                                                                                                              Network
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Services
                                            ◆ Automatically executes and batch processes configuration scripts.                                                              Resources

                                            ◆ Directly presents the NFV topology relationship from multiple views and on different layers.

                                              Physical view: The GRO presents the use and status of physical resources in the sequence of
                                                                                                                                                                    Multi-                                                      Multi-
                                            ◆

                                            NFVO → VIM → rack → shelf → blade → VM.
                                                                                                                                                                   Vendor                                                      Tenant
                    Topology                ◆ Management view: The GRO presents the logical management relationship in the sequence
                    management              of NFVO → VNFM → VNF → VDU → VM.                                                                                                                  ZTE Global
                                            ◆ Application view: The GRO presents the global application view in the sequence of                                                              Orchestrator
                                            NFVO → NS → VNF → VM → network plane.
                                            ◆ Supports alarm rendering.

         22     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ZTE Accelerates Operation
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The Generic VNFM Improves
                the Multi-vendor Integration
                Capability and Reduces the Load of                                         ◆   Complies with the ETSI standard, uses a generic architecture

                Orchestration & Management
                                                                                           and extended adaptors, provides generic model analysis, process

                                                                                           execution, and policy management, includes built-in VIMs and

                                                                                           northbound adaptors, and provides the capability of dynamically

                                                                                           connecting open VNF plug-ins.

                                                                                           ◆   Supports mainstream model definition languages (TOSCA/

                                                                                           HOT/YANG/AWS) in the industry, and provides standardization,

                                                                                           isolation, and low-coupling capabilities to reduce access

                                                                                           difficulties.

                In the initial phase of NFV, an interim solution may be to use Specific-
                                                                                           ◆   Supports intelligent policy execution, and provides customized
                VNFM and each vendor manages the VNF it provides through a
                                                                                           management of scaling and self-healing.
                specific VNFM. However, with the continuous promotion of NFV, some

                problems of specific VNFMs are gradually exposed, for example, they        ◆   Provides powerful northbound adaptation capability to connect

                do not provide cross-vendor management capability. Some vendors            to third-party NFVOs and the generic VNFM, supports various

                do not provide specific VNFMs resulting in hard accessing. Diverse         northbound interface specifications, and meets the layered

                VNFMs lead to high loads upon NFVO orchestration management.               decoupling requirement.

                Thus, the simplification of layered management and third-party
                                                                                           ◆   Provides powerful third-party integration capabilities. The
                integration, VNF openness, and resource management capabilities
                                                                                           generic VNFM supports two adaptation modes (script and
                become the core demands of VNFMs.
                                                                                           interface) to meet different adaptation requirements. It supports

                The generic VNFM defined by the ETSI, which can manage different           a variety of generic protocol stacks, lowering complexities of plug-

                types of virtual NEs from different vendors, starts to be accepted and     ins development. The generic VNFM opens complete development

                selected by more and more operators and equipment manufacturers.           packages and interface definitions, so third-party applications

                The generic VNFM is a technological trend, and organizations such          can describe resource requirements through the VNFD, without

                as the Verizon, DT, OPEN-O, and OSM, have all proposed the generic         the need of focusing on details of resource implementation.

                VNFM concept. Considering the special requirements of some VNFs,
                                                                                           ◆   Supports a variety of VIM management platforms, such as the
                the generic VNFM and specific VNFMs will co-exist in the future.
                                                                                           OpenStack platform, VMware platform, public cloud platform,

                In addition to providing supporting specific VNFMs, the ZTE VNFM-G (a      and PaaS platform.

                generic VNFM) is also an important component in the cloud operation
                                                                                           ◆   Supports security polices involving local clusters, remote
                transformation solution. It provides the following functions:
                                                                                           disaster recovery, and multiple dimensions. They provide the

                                                                                           assurance of high reliability and security of data resource .

         24     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                 ZTE Accelerates Operation
                                                                                                                                     Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV   25

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Global Assurance Provides                                                                                                       End-to-End Maintenance, Monitoring and Diagnosis

                Comprehensive Service Assurance
                Capabilities                                                                                                                    ◆ Centralized monitoring of alarm and performance

                                                                                                                                                GA provides alarm monitoring and analysis functions in the entire cloud network, including alarm display,
                                                                                                                                                operations, and statistics functions.

                Global Assurance (GA) is another important component in the cloud operation transformation solution,                            GA monitors KPIs of the entire cloud network in real time, and reports them to manage NEs by triggering
                responsible for centralized SLA management of operators. Through global and multi-layer data collection                         predefined events.

                and analysis in a real-time manner, the GA component implements centralized and real-time monitoring                            ◆ Automatic correlation and locating of alarms on multiple layers
                of alarms, performance, and events, and supports root cause analysis of alarms and self-healing. By
                                                                                                                                                Comprehensive collection: GA collects all alarms of the hardware, virtualization layer, EMS, and NSs.
                presetting users service quality and network quality, and making comprehensive and intelligent analysis,
                                                                                                                                                Intelligent locating: GA automatically correlates multi-layer alarms based on the TOPO model, and
                the GA component traces and optimizes policies in real time, thus achieving policy self-optimization and
                                                                                                                                                provides root alarm tracing and association functions to facilitate fast troubleshooting.
                intelligent hosted O&M.
                                                                                                                                                Closed-loop alarm self-healing: Through monitoring the system, matching self-healing policies, and
                                                                                                                                                adjusting and optimizing the system, GA can solve problems automatically and fast, making the network
                                                                                                                                                healthy and stable.

                                                                                                                                                ◆ Service assurance and engineering scheduling
                                                                           Global Assurance
                   Planning &                                                                                                                   Service assurance includes problem, change, and SLA management, and prevent maintenance. GA
                     design                                              Policy center                  Unified                                 provides network-level service assurance. Engineering scheduling covers task management, spare parts
                                                                                                     maintenance &                              management, tool management, and intelligent scheduling.
                                                    Policy         Policy driving & execution
                                                                                                     measurement

                                                                                                                           Global Information
                                                                                                                                                ◆ Comprehensive check and intelligent diagnosis, to discover problems in time and take
                                                                                                                                                preventive measures
                                                               Policy analysis & self-optimization
                                                                                                     Service assurance
                     Global
                  orchestration
                                                                                                        Engineering                             The statuses, alarms, and resource usage of all components shall be fully checked, including the
                                                                                                         schedule                               status, alarms, and KPIs of the VNF/VNFC, and the status, alarms, and connectivity of SDN management
                                                                                                                                                components.
                                                               Comprehensive intelligent analysis
                    Global                                                                              Centralized
                                                                       Service fault/QoS
                                                                                                                                                A simulated VNF is deployed automatically for special diagnosis, such as diagnosing network connectivity,
                                                                                                        maintenance
                  provisioning                      Analysis
                                                                     Real-time monitoring                                                       detecting the performance of the virtual network, and diagnosing the deployment of VNFs.
                                                                                                     Signaling detection

                      Big data
                                                                      Centralized storage                                                       Preventive maintenance tasks are flexibly customized on demand, and are automatically executed at
                                                                                                                                                scheduled time without manual intervention. After diagnosis, the system provides a visual checking
                                                                                                                                                report, in which abnormal items are automatically highlighted to remind users. Preventive maintenance
                                                                              Real-time data collection
                                                                                                                                                records are saved in real time, and history records can be traced and queried.

                                           Architecture of Global Assurance Components                                                          ◆ Safe and reliable, building a worry-free network

                                                                                                                                                Management entities support HA redundancy, remote disaster recovery, and distributed deployment
                                                                                                                                                to ensure service continuity. The system supports multi-level backup, and can be quickly recovered or
                                                                                                                                                regenerated in case of faults.

                                                                                                                                                The GA component provides comprehensive assurance for network, system, and application security.

         26     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ZTE Accelerates Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV   27

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Optimizing the Network Model and Policy Design                                                                                                                                 The big data analysis solution provided by ZTE has been put into mature application in the telecom

                                                                                                                                                                                               market for many years, and can collect and analyze a full range of data, including network data, service
                Through "Intelligent Analysis", Building an                                                                                                                                    data, resource data, user data, and market data. By using the big data technology, the ZTE MICT-OS

                Intelligent O&M System                                                                                                                                                         intelligent analysis component provides the following operation analysis and assurance capabilities:

                With the deepening of telecom virtualization, network complexity continues to rise. The characteristics                                                                    Service O&M                             Experience O&M                                  Value-driven O&M
                of NFV/SDN make it difficult for the traditional fault and performance management mode to adapt to
                                                                                                                                                                                            Through in-depth analysis               A multi-dimensional model is                       The intelligent analysis
                requirements. The key is how to analyze real-time and historical data to evaluate the impact of potential
                                                                                                                                                                                             and prediction of services, the         set up to monitor in real time,                    component implements value
                problems upon business, customers, and services, how to improve, predict, and improve operation and
                                                                                                                                                                                               intelligent analysis component         rapidly analyze, effectively                        analysis with commercial value
                customer experience, and how to improve efficiency. Thus, ZTE proposes the intelligent analysis solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                makes the utilization of service        guarantee, and pay proactive                          as the orientation, provides
                based on the big data technology.
                                                                                                                                                                                                 resources and service quality          care for user experience , thus                        customer experience departments

                                                                                                                                                                                                visible and measurable. It             achieving differential experience                      with experience and marketing

                                   Operation                                        Data service             CC/QoS         Network optimization        Complaint        User experience       intelligently demarcates and           management for high value areas                     data, and provides network
                                   application                                        analysis             management       & capacity expansion         handling          perception
                                                                                                                                                                                             locates end-to-end service              and VIP customers.                                 departments with precise network

                                                                                                                                                                                            problems, so that users can handle                                                         optimization and expansion data.
                                           Intelligent analysis component

                                                                                    Service fault                   QoS
                                                                                                                                                                                           them actively and rapidly.
                                                                                                                                          Analysis              ADMA: algorithm rule
                              Rule                                                                                                                              management & algorithm
                              analysis                                                                                                    & query
                 Design                                                       Monitoring History           Monitoring Statistics                                task scheduling
                                                                                Fault management               Performance
                                                                                                               management

                                                                                                                                                                                               Through a variety of analytical tools, the intelligent analysis component can help operators learn
                              Result                                          Real-time rule engine
                              analysis                                                                     Offline data storage                          Big data
                                                                                                                                   DB cluster (GBase)    component
                                                                                                                                                                                               about the system situation and history operation trends, implement automatic problem demarcation
                  Policy                                                     Real-time stream processing
                                                                                                                          Analysis component data           Big data preprocessing
                                                                                                                               preprocessing
                                                                                                                                                                                               and localization, and verify the reasonability of various policy settings. The analysis and prediction

                                                                                                                                                                                               capabilities provided by the component can effectively improve models and policy design, change
                                          Data source                                     Network data               Resource data             Signaling data            Billing data
                                                                                                                                                                                               passive situations into active situations, and provide powerful support for network optimization and user

                                                                                                                                                                                               experience improvement.
                                                                            Architecture of Intelligent Analysis Components
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Demand
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Profit
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Forecast                     Location

                The intelligent analysis component is one of key modules of Global Assurance (GA).                                                                                             The intelligent analysis component is very flexible in                Network
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Intelligent      Service Quality
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Analysis + Big Data
                                                                                                                                                                                               deployment. It can be deployed in lightweight mode
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Status
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        User Feedback
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Top N
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          User Experience        QoS       Network Performance

                                                                                                                                                                                               or enhanced mode in accordance with customers'                                  Data                      Policy
                                                                                                                                                                                               actual requirements. Intelligent analysis results                               collection           optimization

                                                                                                                                                                                               can be applied on a wide scope to greatly improve

                                                                                                                                                                                               operation efficiency, facilitate automatic O&M, and

                                                                                                                                                                                               build a future telecom operation system that is
                                                                                                                                                                                               customer experience centric.                                                    User profile                        O&M
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ZERO
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               360°
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               realization                         assurance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Precision                Touch      High-quality
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               marketing                           network

         28     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
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Automatic & Intelligent O&M Through Policy-
                Based Closed-Loop Control

                The Policy Center module is an important component in GA. As the unified policy management & control            Policy-based closed-loop control makes the network capable of self-

                center, the Policy Center provides policy template and task management functions, as well as policy             optimization and self-healing, and accelerates the automatic O&M

                query, scheduling, and execution services. It supports online policy definition, and supports policy            process. It continuously optimizes customer experience and the

                conflict detection to prevent illegal policies from entering the system. In addition, the Policy Center is      network through the self-evolution capability of "design – deployment

                capable of policy self-optimization, and can manage elastic scaling, network self-healing, and automatic        – operation – analysis – re-design".

                control policies through the knowledge pool and expert pool.
                                                                                                                                In the future, machine learning methods, such as Artificial Neural

                                                                                                                                Network (ANN), Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression, will
                Policy-based closed-loop control operates in the following two modes:
                                                                                                                                be introduced to implement intelligent policy prediction and build an
                ◆   On the O&M layer, the lightweight intelligent analysis module interconnects with local policies or global   intelligent system that further enhances O&M.

                policies to directly drive orchestration, NM, and cloud NM operations, achieving basic O&M in a small
                                                                                                                                "ZERO-TOUCH" operation is not far away from us.
                closed loop.

                ◆   On the operation layer, the planning & design component and global orchestration component

                interconnect with the big data analysis system through the Policy Center, where the big data analysis

                system provides the support of policy optimization. The design domain, execution domain, and big data

                system form an overall closed-loop system, achieving the purpose of intelligent operation.

                          Network planning                                      Network operation and assurance
                             and design
                                                                Design-
                                Unified portal                   based           E2E                     Global policy
                                                               network
                                                                             orchestration
                                                              optimization

                              Service design                                             Real-time network
                              environment                                                optimization based on
                                                                                         predefined policies
                              Policy management
                              environment
                                                                                              Real-time analysis &
                              Catalog and resource
                              database
                                                                                              real-time monitoring

                                                  Planning and optimization suggestion               Network data storage

                       Big data analysis (medium and long-term trend and KPI analysis)

         30     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                                            ZTE Accelerates Operation
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GI and GP Modules Enhance
                Centralized Full-process Management
                for Resource and Network

                      GI
                                              The Global Information (GI) module is responsible for centralized resource

                                              information management for operators. It interacts with the resource management

                                              modules and databases on cloud platforms and the network to obtain related

                                              information, presents operators with a real-time resource and topological view of

                                              the SDN/NFV on the global scope, and provides APIs for other modules to obtain

                                              global resource information. Its main functions are as follows:

                                              ◆ Provides cross-network, cross-domain, and cross-manufacturer resource

                                              management and topology management, including physical resources, virtual

                                              resources, and service resources.

                                              ◆ Visualizes service modules and topology relationships, and supports data

                                              collection from third-party networks.

                                              ◆ Provides global resource analysis and a resource dashboard.

                                                                                                                                  Supporting Capability
                                              ◆ Supports service design and service templates based on metadata drive.

                                              ◆ Provides available resources for end-to-end service fulfillment.

                                                                                                                                  Exposure in the Network,
                                              ◆ Provides end-to-end service assurance, especially data support for cross-domain

                                              alarms, performance analysis, and policies.

                                                                                                                                  Building an Innovative
                                                                                                                                  Business Ecological Chain
                    GP
                                              The Global Provision (GP) module is responsible for centralized network

                                              management of operators, including unified permission management, configuration

                                              management, and test management of the network on the global scope, EMS access
                                                                                                                                  The traditional cooperation way between an operator and a third party is
                                              adaptation for multiple manufacturers, network activation, and unified northbound
                                                                                                                                  that by invoking APIs, the third party self-develops, deploys, and operates
                                              interfaces.
                                                                                                                                  applications. In this way, charged fees are simple, the service on-boarding

                                                                                                                                  speed is slow, and this mode is not very flexible or cooperative. It is hard

                                                                                                                                  to build a continuously profit-making ecological chain.

         32     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                                                ZTE Accelerates Operation
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ZTE provides a capability exposure solution that is based on component services. Oriented towards

                capability exposure and operation, it supports API management, provides a development & operation

                portal, flexibly combines new services based on GUIs/templates and releases them to third parties online.

                                                                                                                                                                 Suggestions for
                This solution fully utilizes ZTE-developed and third-party services, and supports the Internet cooperation

                & development mode.

                ◆ The capability exposure portal provides service functions of the development domain and operation
                                                                                                                                                                 Operation
                                                                                                                                                                 Transformation
                domain, and supports fast development and operation management.

                ◆ The capability exposure management & control system provides security, policy control, and capability

                management functions, and can be interconnected with upstream application systems in a standard way.

                ◆ The capability exposure service system provides service access, capability encapsulation, and capability

                bus functions, and can be interconnected with downstream service systems in a standard way.
                                                                                                                                                                 The implementation of cloud operation transformation shall be

                                                                                                                                                                 customized in accordance with the actual situations of different

                                                                                                                                                                 operators.

                                   Personal      Enterprise            System     Service                   Self-operation              Third-party partner      ZTE recommends that operation transformation be implemented
                                   developer     developer             operator   operator
                                                                                                                                                                 gradually by three phases, in order to minimize the impact of
                                                                                                           Network operator/          Bank, e-business, OTT,
                 Capability                                                                                   distributor                   and travel
                                                                                                                                                                 transformation and meet the different requirements of operators.
                 usage

                                                         Interactive                                                 capability                     capability
                                                         interface                                                   exposure                       exposure     In addition, the operation process, organizational structure, and

                                                                                              OpenAPI
                                                                                                                                                                 personnel capabilities shall also be transformed and adjusted.
                                       Development domain               Operation domain
                                                                                                              Capability exposure control (API Manager)
                 Capability                         Capability exposure portal
                 exposure

                                                                                    Capability Exposure Service

                                                          Service/micro-                           Service/micro-                              Service/micro-
                                                          service API                              service API                                 service API

                                            Network resource                          Operation resource                            Data resource

                                                         Architecture of a Capability Exposure Solution

                By exposing capabilities, operators can attract partners, develop innovative applications, and attract

                final consumers with abundant new applications. In addition, operators can form positive feedback by

                increasing the number of partners and consumers, continuously dig out potential service value, expand

                the industry chain, and finally form an open and win-win ecological chain.

         34     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ZTE Accelerates Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV   35

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OSS Operation System
                                                                                                                                                                     Phase I: In the initial transformation phase, the new network can be

                Transformation in Three Phases
                                                                                                                                                                     managed in the traditional way. The traditional BSS/OSS does not care

                                                                                                                                                                     about whether a device is virtualized, but manages it as a new traditional

                                                                                                                                                                     NE. MANO, which is responsible for managing virtualized devices, can be

                                                                                                                                                                     deployed independently, has very few interfaces with the existing network,

                                                                                                                                                                     and thus can get online rapidly. However, this mode has the problem

                                                                                                                                                                     that the advantages of the new network cannot be fully utilized, and its

                                                                                                                                                                     O&M mode is similar to the traditional mode. In phase I, the orchestration

                                                                                                                                                                     system is introduced to implement the orchestration of resources,

                                                                                                                                                                     network, and slices, so that the network supports SDN/NFV elastic network

                                                                                                                                                                     management and on-demand network slicing service.

                                                                                                                                    Phase II: With gradual deepening of transformation, the old and new networks are managed in a coordinated

                                                                                                                                    way by domains. A self-service portal and orchestration system are added to manage the SDN/NFV network.
                                                                                                                                    The traditional network is managed by the existing BSS/OSS system, which is slightly reconstructed to meet

                                                                                                                                    interface requirements of new management NEs, achieving real E2E network management. Domain-based

                                                                                                                                    coordinated management has the following highlights:

                                                                                                                                    In phase II , the main objective is to build an
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Centralized
                                                                                                                                    integrated ICT service platform, which supports                                       Online DevOps,
                                                                                                                                                                                                         and real-
                                                                                                                                    automatic fulfillment of integrated cloud and                                        automatic design
                                                                                                                                                                                                      time resource
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         and deployment
                                                                                                                                                                                                      management
                                                                                                                                    network services, service orchestration, and

                                                                                                                                    capability exposure of cloud and network.
                                                                                                                                                                                              Unified policy
                                                                                                                                                                                              management,                             Elastic and open
                                                                                                                                                                                             network design,                           micro-service
                                                                                                                                                                                               and policy                               architecture
                It is recommended that the cloud operation system of ZTE be transformed in three phases.                                                                                      optimization
                                                                                                                                    phase III: The traditional BSS enhances product
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Serviceable
                                                                                                                                    orchestration and integrates customer experience                 Self-service and         network
                                                                                                                                                                                                     real-time service      capabilities
                                                                                                                                    functions such as the DevOps capability exposure
                                  Phase I                               Phase II                            Phase III

                                                                                                                                                                                                        fulfillment        and innovative
                                                                                                                                    platform. The OSS is integrated with the Orchestration                                ecological chain
                                   BSS                   BSS              Service Portal               BSS(Product/Service)

                               Legacy - OSS                                                                                         system to implement integrated management of the
                                                                                                           Convergent
                                                         Legacy - OSS         Orchestration
                                                                                                                                    old and new networks. In phase III, the main objective
                                                                                                          Orchestration
                         EMS                   MANO

                                                                                                                                    is to support serviceable capabilities in the network,
                       PNF                  SDN/NFV       PNF           NFV                SDN   PNF           NFV            SDN   intelligent network O&M, on-demand and real-time

                                                                                                                                    provision and automatic assurance of service SLAs,

                                                                                                                                    and user-defined services, and finally build an E2E

                                                                                                                                    intelligent operation system.

         36     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV   37

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Suggestions on Transformation of the
                Operation Process, Organizational
                Structure, and Personnel Skills
                In addition to accelerated transformation of the operation system, the corresponding operation process,

                organizational structure, and personnel skills shall also be transformed accordingly.

                                                         As the rule and mechanism that standardize service operation, the operation

                                                         process needs to be transformed from network performance centric in the
                Transformation
                                                         past to user experience centric. In addition, operators shall introduce the
                of Process                                                                                                                   All of the operation transformation modes are not
                                                         DevOps agility process to accelerate the fulfillment time of new services,
                                                                                                                                             fixed and rigid. Operators can re-define and adjust
                                                         optimize the operation process and make decisions based on the big data
                                                                                                                                             them according to the self conditions and problems
                                                         analysis and prediction capability, and promote the self-orchestration ability
                                                                                                                                             that occur in transformation.
                                                         of the process, so that it is more flexible, more efficient, and simpler, and can

                                                         meet the requirement of building a service ecological chain in the future.          ZTE provides comprehensive transformation support

                                                                                                                                             and consultancy services, integration services, and
                                                         Operators can transform the traditional operation team into an integrated
                                                                                                                                             intelligent O&M management services, to meet
                                                         MICT operation team by steps. A flat organizational structure is the primary
                Transformation                                                                                                               requirements in different phases and help operators
                of Organizational                        factor. In replacement of the traditional "silo" management mode, operators
                                                                                                                                             transform successfully.
                Structure                                shall set up an agile R&D team to improve the orchestration of innovative

                                                         services and on-boarding efficiency, further integrate resource management

                                                         and operation platforms, build a digital service management & planning

                                                         team, and adapt to the future demands of network capability exposure and

                                                         cooperation with the ecological system.

                                                         Personnel skills and the adjustment of the organizational structure

                                                         complement each other. Operators can improve the digital skills of personnel
                Transformation of
                                                         through continuous training. To better promote ICT integration, operators
                Personnel Skills
                                                         need to introduce Internet and software talents, enhance big data analysis

                                                         and prediction capabilities, train professional personnel on digital marketing

                                                         and customer experience management, and build an agile, cooperative, and

                                                         innovative atmosphere of business competition.

         38     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                                     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                                                                                                                                                                         Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV   39

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Abbreviations

                  Abbreviation                                          Full Name                 Abbreviation                             Full Name
                    API                          Application Programming Interface                NS             Network Service

                    BSS                          Business Support System                          NSD            NS Descriptor

                    DC                           Data Center                                      OSS            Operation Support System

                    EMS                          Element Management System                        OTT            Over the Top

                    ETSI                         European Telecommunication Standards Institute   PaaS           Platform as a Service

                    GRO                          Global Resource Orchestrator                     PNF            Physical Network Function

                    GSO                          Global Service Orchestrator                      SFC            Service Function Chain

                    GI                           Global Information                               SDN            Software Defined Network

                    GP                           Global Provisioning                              SDNC           SDN Controller

                    GUI                          Graphical User Interface                         SDNO           SDN Orchestrator

                    HA                           High Availability                                TECS           Telecom Elastic Cloud System

                    KPI                          Key Performance Indicator                        VDC            Virtualized Data Center

                    MANO                         NFV Management and Orchestration                 VDU            Virtualized Deployment Unit

                    MSB                          Message Bus                                      VIM            Virtualized Infrastructure Manager

                    NFV                          Network Functions Virtualization                 VNF            Virtualized Network Function

                    NFVI                         NFV Infrastructure                               VNFD           VNF Descriptor

                    NFVO                         NFV Orchestrator                                 VNFM           VNF Manager

         40     ZTE Accelerates Operation
                Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV
                                                                                                                                                                   ZTE Accelerates Operation
                                                                                                                                                       Transformation in the Era of SDN & NFV   41

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