New Uzbekistan University Admission Test 2021/2022 - Physics Test Specification UZ21P August 2021

New Uzbekistan University Admission Test
2021/2022

Physics Test Specification
 UZ21P

 August 2021

Contents
 1 Structure of the physics test .............................................................................................................. 3

 2 Sample items ..................................................................................................................................... 4

 3 Requirements .................................................................................................................................... 5

 Foundations of Physics...................................................................................................................... 5

 Mathematical Requirements .............................................................................................................. 5

 Curriculum content ............................................................................................................................. 8

 4 Rules for selecting candidates for admission.................................................................................. 33

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New Uzbekistan University Admission Test 2021

1 Structure of the physics test
 The physics test will consist of one 90 minute paper.

 The paper will consist of 40 multiple choice questions.

 Questions will carry equal weight and there will be no penalty for incorrect answers, so candidates
 are advised to answer all questions in the paper. Each correct answer will score 1.5 marks.

 There is no formulae booklet for this test; candidates are expected to understand and recall all
 relevant formulae.

 Calculators, mobile phones and any other electronic devices and unauthorized materials are not
 allowed.

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2 Sample items
 These sample items are provided to give an indication of the types of items that will be used in the
 test. They are not intended to be a comprehensive description of all of the types of items that will
 be used.

 Sample item 1

 1 A metal wire X is connected to a cell of negligible internal resistance. The mean drift velocity
 of the electrons in wire X is v1.

 A second wire Y of the same metal has the same length as wire X. The diameter of wire Y is
 half the diameter of wire X.

 Wire X and wire Y are now connected in series to the cell. The mean drift velocity of the
 electrons in wire Y is v2.

 What is the ratio ?

 A 1

 B

 C

 D 2

 E 4

 Answer key: B

 Sample item 2

 2 An electron in a hydrogen atom makes a quantum jump from energy level n = 4. The photon
 emitted creates a spectral line in the Balmer series.

 What is the energy of the photon?

 A 1.36 × 10-19 J

 B 4.08 × 10-19 J

 C 5.44 × 10-19 J

 D 2.04 × 10-18 J

 E 2.18 × 10-18 J

 Answer key: B

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3 Requirements
 Candidates are advised to read through these specifications carefully to ensure they are aware of
 all topics and areas that might be covered in the test.

 Foundations of Physics

 Physical quantities and units:
 • understand that all physical quantities consist of a numerical magnitude and a unit
 • make reasonable estimates of physical quantities included within the syllabus
 • recall the following SI base quantities and their units: mass (kg), length (m), time (s), current
 (A), temperature (K), amount of substance (mol)
 • express derived units as products or quotients of the SI base units and use the named units
 listed in this syllabus as appropriate
 • use SI base units to check the homogeneity of physical equations
 • use the following prefixes and their symbols to indicate decimal submultiples or multiples of
 both base and derived units: pico (p), nano (n), micro (μ), milli (m), centi (c), kilo (k), mega
 (M), giga (G), tera (T)
 • understand and use the conventions for labelling graph axes and table columns
 • understand absolute and percentage uncertainties when data are combined by addition,
 subtraction, multiplication, division and raising to powers
 • distinguish between scalar and vector quantities and give examples of each
 • add and subtract coplanar vectors
 • represent a vector as two perpendicular components.

 Mathematical Requirements

 The candidates will not be allowed calculators.

 Arithmetic
 Candidates should be able to:
 • recognise and use expressions in decimal and standard form (scientific) notation
 • understand how to perform calculations so that significant figures are neither lost
 unnecessarily nor carried beyond what is justified
 • use approximations to check the magnitude of calculated results.

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Algebra
 Candidates should be able to:
 • change the subject of an equation which may include positive and negative indices and nth-
 roots
 • solve simple algebraic equations
 • solve a system of two linear simultaneous equations
 ±√
 • recall and use the formula x = to solve quadratic equations
 • substitute physical quantities into physical equations using consistent units and check the
 dimensional consistency of such equations
 • set up simple algebraic equations as mathematical models of physical situations, and identify
 inadequacies of such models
 • use percentages to express changes or uncertainties
 • understand and use the symbols , , , , , ±, /, α, ⟨ x⟩ (= x), Σ, ∆x, √ , √ .

 Geometry and trigonometry
 Candidates should be able to:
 • recall and use formulae for the area and perimeter/circumference of rectangles, circles, right-
 angled and isosceles triangles
 • recall and use formulae for the volume and surface area of cuboids, cylinders and spheres
 • recall and use Pythagoras’ theorem in 2 and 3 dimensions
 • use the similarity of triangles and the angle sum of a triangle
 • understand and use the definitions of sin, cos and tan as applied to a right-angled triangle,
 and recall and use the relationship sin θ / cos θ = tan θ
 • recall and use the trigonometric relationships for triangles
 a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C and a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
 • recall and use the exact values of sin θ and cos θ for θ = 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°
 • recall and use the exact values of tan θ for θ = 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°
 • recall and use sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
 • recall and use sin θ ≈ tan θ ≈ θ and cos θ ≈ 1 for small θ
 • understand the relationship between degrees and radians, convert from one to the other and
 use the appropriate system in context.

 Vectors
 Candidates should be able to:
 • find the resultant of two coplanar vectors, recognising situations where vector addition is
 appropriate
 • obtain expressions for components of a vector in perpendicular directions, recognising
 situations where vector resolution is appropriate.

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Graphs
 Candidates should be able to:
 • select appropriate variables and scales for graph plotting
 • determine the gradient, intercept and intersection of linear graphs
 • choose, by inspection, a straight line which will serve as the line of best fit through a set of
 data points presented graphically
 • draw a curved trend line through a set of data points presented graphically, when the
 arrangement of these data points is clearly indicative of a non-linear relationship
 • recognise the forms of plots of common simple expressions like , x2, , sin x, cos x
 • draw a tangent to a curve, and understand and use the gradient of the tangent as a means to
 obtain the gradient of the curve at a point and/or to determine the rate of change at that point
 • understand and use the area below a curve where the area has physical significance
 • test tabulated pairs of values for proportionality or by constancy ratio.

 Exponentials and logarithms
 Candidates should be able to:
 • calculate exponentials and logarithms (lg and ln) using relevant tables
 • recognise and use the logarithms of expressions like ab, , xn, ekx
 • sketch and recognise the form of a plot of e–x
 • use logarithmic plots to test exponential and power law variations.

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Curriculum content

 1. MECHANICS

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Equations of define and use distance, displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration
 motion
 use graphical methods to represent distance, displacement, speed,
 velocity and acceleration

 determine displacement from the area under a velocity-time graph

 determine velocity using the gradient of a displacement-time graph

 determine acceleration using the gradient of a velocity-time graph

 derive, from the definitions of velocity and acceleration, equations that
 represent uniformly accelerated motion in a straight line

 recall and use equations that represent uniformly accelerated motion in a
 straight line, including the motion of bodies falling in a uniform gravitational
 field without air resistance

 describe an experiment to determine the acceleration of free fall using a falling
 body, including analysis

 describe and explain motion due to a uniform velocity in one direction and a
 uniform acceleration in a perpendicular direction

 understand drag as the frictional force experienced by an object travelling
 through a fluid

 describe the factors affecting drag for an object travelling through air

 understand the motion of objects falling in a uniform gravitational field in the
 presence of drag

 understand the term terminal velocity

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Momentum and understand that mass is the property of a body that resists change in motion
 Newton’s laws
 of motion recall the relationship F = ma and solve problems using it, appreciating that
 acceleration and resultant force are always in the same direction

 define and use linear momentum as the product of mass and velocity

 define and use force as rate of change of momentum

 define impulse of a force and recall and use impulse equal to the area under a
 force-time graph

 state and apply each of Newton’s laws of motion

 Non-uniform describe and use the concept of weight as the effect of a gravitational field on
 motion a mass and recall that the weight of a body is equal to the product of its mass
 and the acceleration of free fall

 describe qualitatively the motion of bodies falling in a uniform gravitational field
 with air resistance

 Linear state the principle of conservation of momentum
 momentum and
 conservation of apply the principle of conservation of momentum to solve problems, including
 momentum elastic and inelastic interactions between bodies in both one and two
 dimensions including the concept of coefficient of restitution

 recall that, for a perfectly elastic collision, the relative speed of approach is
 equal to the relative speed of separation

 understand that, while momentum of a system is always conserved in
 interactions between bodies, some change in kinetic energy may take place

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2. FORCES, DENSITY AND PRESSURE

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Types of force describe the force on a mass in a uniform gravitational field and on a charge in
 a uniform electric field

 show a qualitative understanding of frictional forces and viscous forces,
 including air resistance, including the treatment of the coefficients of friction
 and viscosity

 understand that the weight of a body may be taken as acting at a single point
 known as its centre of gravity

 Turning effect of define and apply the moment of a force
 forces
 understand that a couple is a pair of forces that tends to produce rotation only

 define and apply the torque of a couple

 Equilibrium of state and apply the principle of moments
 forces
 recall that, when there is no resultant force and no resultant torque, a system is
 in equilibrium

 use a vector triangle to represent coplanar forces in equilibrium

 Density and define and use density
 pressure
 define and use pressure

 recall and use the equation Δp = ρgΔh

 understand upthrust on an object in a fluid

 recall and use Archimedes’ principle

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3. WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Energy give examples of energy in different forms, its conversion and conservation,
 conversion and and apply the principle of conservation of energy to simple examples
 conservation

 Work and recall and understand the concept of work in terms of the product of a force
 efficiency and displacement in the direction of the force

 calculate the work done in a number of situations

 recall and understand that the efficiency of a system is the ratio of useful
 energy output from the system to the total energy input

 show an appreciation for the implications of energy losses in practical devices
 and use the concept of efficiency to solve problems

 Potential energy derive, recall and use the formula E = mv for kinetic energy
 and kinetic
 energy
 distinguish between gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy

 understand and use the relationship between force and potential energy in a
 uniform field to solve problems

 derive, recall and use ΔEp = mgΔh for potential energy changes near the
 Earth’s surface

 Power define power as work done per unit time and derive power as the product of
 force and velocity

 solve problems using the relationships P = W / t and P = Fv

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4. DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Stress and appreciate that deformation is caused by a force and that, in one dimension,
 Strain the deformation can be tensile or compressive

 describe the behaviour of springs in terms of load, extension, elastic limit,
 Hooke’s law and the spring constant (i.e. force per unit extension)

 define and use the terms stress, strain and the Young modulus

 describe an experiment to determine the Young modulus of a metal in the form
 of a wire

 Elastic and distinguish between elastic and plastic deformation of a material
 plastic
 behaviour recall the terms brittle, ductile, hard, malleable, stiff, strong and tough, explain
 their meaning and give examples of materials exhibiting such behaviour

 understand that the area under the force-extension graph represents the work
 done

 deduce the strain energy in a deformed material from the area under the force-
 extension graph

 derive, recall and use = Fx and = kx

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5. WAVES AND SUPERPOSITION

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Progressive describe what is meant by wave motion as illustrated by vibration in ropes,
 waves springs and ripple tanks

 understand and use the terms displacement, amplitude, intensity, phase
 difference (in both degrees and radians), period, frequency, wavelength and
 speed

 recall and use the equation v = fλ

 understand that energy is transferred by a progressive wave

 recall and use the relationships
 • intensity ∝ (amplitude)2
 • intensity = power / area

 Longitudinal and compare transverse and longitudinal waves
 transverse
 waves analyse and interpret graphical representations of transverse and longitudinal
 waves

 Doppler effect understand that when a source of waves moves relative to a stationary
 observer, there is a change in observed frequency

 recall and use the expression
 
 =
 ( ± )
 when a source of sound waves moves relative to a stationary observer

 appreciate that Doppler shift is observed with all waves, including sound and
 light

 Electromagnetic state that all electromagnetic waves travel with the same speed in free space
 spectrum and recall the orders of magnitude of the wavelengths of the principal
 radiations from radio waves to γ-rays

 recall that the speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s-1

 Polarisation explain what is meant by a plane-polarised wave

 recall Malus’ law (intensity ∝ cos2θ) and use it to calculate the amplitude and
 intensity of transmission through a polarising filter for light and metal grilles for
 microwaves

 Refraction recall and use the expression for refractive index = =

 understand total internal reflection and derive, recall and use sin c = 1 / n

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Stationary explain and use the principle of superposition in simple applications
 waves
 show an understanding of experiments that demonstrate stationary waves
 using microwaves, stretched strings and air columns

 explain the formation of a stationary wave using a graphical method, and
 identify nodes and antinodes

 determine the wavelength of sound using stationary waves

 determine the frequency of sound using a calibrated cathode-ray oscilloscope
 (c.r.o.)

 Diffraction explain the meaning of the term diffraction

 show an understanding of experiments that demonstrate diffraction including
 the diffraction of water waves in a ripple tank with both a wide gap and a
 narrow gap

 recall that waves can be diffracted and that substantial diffraction occurs when
 the size of the gap or obstacle is comparable to the wavelength

 recall qualitatively the diffraction patterns for a slit, a circular hole and a straight
 edge

 recall and use the equation nλ = bsinθ to locate the positions of destructive
 superposition for single slit diffraction, where b is the width of the slit

 recall and use the Rayleigh criterion θ ≈ λ/b for resolving power of a single
 aperture, where b is the width of the aperture

 Two source understand the terms coherence, path difference, superposition and phase
 interference
 calculate phase differences from path differences

 show an understanding of experiments that demonstrate two-source
 interference using water ripples, light and microwaves

 understand the conditions required if two-source interference fringes are to be
 observed

 recall and use the equation λ = ax / D for double-slit interference using light

 Diffraction recall and use the equation d sin θ = nλ for diffraction gratings
 gratings
 describe the use of a diffraction grating to determine the wavelength of light
 (the structure and use of the spectrometer are not included)

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6. ELECTRICITY

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Electric current understand that electric current is a flow of charge carriers

 understand that the charge on charge carriers is quantised

 define the coulomb and recall and use Q = It

 recall that the elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10-19 C

 recall and use, for a current-carrying conductor, the expression I = Anvq,
 where n is the number density of charge carriers

 Potential define potential difference and the volt
 difference and
 power recall and use V = W / Q

 recall and use P = VI and P = I 2R

 understand the kilowatt-hour (kW h) as a unit of energy

 Resistance and define resistance and the ohm
 resistivity
 recall and use V = IR

 sketch and discuss the I–V characteristics of a metallic conductor at constant
 temperature, a semiconductor diode and a filament lamp

 state Ohm’s law

 recall and use R = ρL / A

 recall and use a formula for the combined resistance of two or more resistors
 in series to solve problems

 recall and use a formula for the combined resistance of two or more resistors
 in parallel to solve problems

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Circuits recall and use appropriate circuit symbols for electrical sources, switches,
 resistors, ammeters, voltmeters, variable resistors, potentiometers and/or any
 other type of component referred to in the syllabus

 interpret circuit diagrams containing sources, switches, resistors, ammeters,
 voltmeters, and/or any other type of component referred to in the syllabus

 define electromotive force (e.m.f.) in terms of the energy transferred by a
 source in driving unit charge round a complete circuit

 distinguish between e.m.f. and potential difference (p.d.) in terms of energy
 considerations

 understand the effects of the internal resistance of a source of e.m.f. on the
 terminal potential difference

 Kirchhoff’s laws recall Kirchhoff’s first law and appreciate the link to conservation of charge

 recall Kirchhoff’s second law and appreciate the link to conservation of energy

 apply Kirchhoff’s laws to solve simple circuit problems

 Potential understand the principle of a potential divider circuit as a source of variable
 dividers p.d.

 recall and solve problems using the principle of the potentiometer as a means
 of comparing potential differences

 understand that an electronic sensor consists of a sensing device and a circuit
 that provides an output that can be registered as a voltage

 explain the use of thermistors, light-dependent resistors and strain gauges in
 potential dividers to provide a potential difference that is dependent on
 temperature, illumination and strain respectively

 7. MOTION IN A CIRCLE

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Kinematics of define the radian and express angular displacement in radians
 uniform circular
 motion understand and use the concept of angular speed to solve problems

 recall and use v = rω to solve problems

 Centripetal describe qualitatively motion in a curved path due to a perpendicular force, and
 acceleration and understand the centripetal acceleration in the case of uniform motion in a circle
 centripetal force
 2 2
 recall and use centripetal acceleration equations a = rω and a = v / r
 2 2
 recall and use centripetal force equations F = mrω and F = mv / r

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8. OSCILLATIONS

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Simple understand and use the terms displacement, amplitude, period, frequency,
 harmonic angular frequency and phase difference in the context of oscillations
 oscillations
 understand that simple harmonic motion occurs when acceleration is
 proportional to displacement from a fixed point and in the opposite direction

 recall and use the relationships ω = 2π/ T and ω = 2πf
 2
 recall and use the relationship a = - ω x

 recall and use solutions to this equation x = A cos ωt or x = A sin ωt

 determine the velocity and acceleration from the solutions to the equation
 including = ± ( − )

 analyse and interpret graphical representations of the variations of
 displacement, velocity and acceleration for simple harmonic motion

 recall and use = 2π for a simple pendulum and = 2π for a
 mass-spring oscillator

 Energy in describe the interchange between kinetic and potential energy during simple
 simple harmonic harmonic motion
 motion
 2
 recall and use = 2 for the total energy of a system undergoing simple
 harmonic motion

 Damped and distinguish between free and forced oscillations
 forced
 oscillations, understand the difference between lightly damped, heavily damped and
 resonance critically damped oscillations

 describe practical examples of forced oscillations and resonance

 describe graphically how the amplitude of a forced oscillation changes with
 frequency near to the natural frequency of the system, and understand
 qualitatively the factors that determine the frequency response and sharpness
 of the resonance

 appreciate that there are some circumstances in which resonance is useful
 and other circumstances in which resonance should be avoided

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9. GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Concept of a understand the concept of a gravitational field as an example of a field of force
 gravitational field and define gravitational field strength as force per unit mass

 Gravitational understand that, for a point outside a uniform sphere, the mass of the sphere
 force between may be considered to be a point mass at its centre
 point masses
 recall and use Newton’s law of gravitation in the form
 
 =
 
 analyse circular orbits in inverse square law fields, including geostationary
 orbits, by relating the gravitational force to the centripetal acceleration it
 causes

 Gravitational derive and use, from Newton’s law of gravitation and the definition of
 field of a point gravitational field strength, the equation
 mass 
 =
 
 for the gravitational field strength of a point mass

 show an appreciation that on the surface of the Earth g is approximately
 constant

 Planetary recall and use Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion
 motion
 use Newton’s law of gravity and centripetal force to derive r 3 ∝ T 2 for a
 circular orbit

 understand geostationary orbits including calculating the distance from the
 centre of a planet and the height above its surface required for a geostationary
 orbit

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Gravitational define potential at a point as the work done per unit mass in bringing a small
 potential and test mass from infinity to the point
 energy
 state that the field strength of the field at a point is equal to the negative of
 potential gradient at that point

 recall and use the equation
 
 ∅=−
 
 for the gravitational potential in the field of a point mass

 recall and use the equation
 
 =−
 
 for the gravitational potential energy in the field of a point mass

 calculate escape velocity using the ideas of gravitational potential energy, or
 area under a force-distance graph and energy transfer

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10. ELECTRIC FIELDS

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Concept of an understand the concept of an electric field as an example of a field of force and
 electric field define electric field strength as force per unit positive charge acting on a
 stationary point charge

 represent an electric field by means of field lines

 Uniform electric ∆
 recall and use = − to calculate the field strength of the uniform field
 fields ∆
 between charged parallel plates in terms of potential difference and separation

 calculate the forces on charges in uniform electric fields

 describe the effect of a uniform electric field on the motion of charged particles

 Electric forces understand that, for any point outside a spherical conductor, the charge on the
 between point sphere may be considered to act as a point charge at its centre
 charges
 recall and use Coulomb’s law in the form
 
 =
 4 
 for the force between two point charges in free space or air

 Electric field of a recall and use the equation
 point charge 
 =
 4 
 for the field strength of a point charge in free space or air

 Electric potential define potential at a point as the work done per unit positive charge in bringing
 a small test charge from infinity to the point

 state that the field strength of the field at a point is equal to the negative of
 potential gradient at that point

 recall and use the equation
 
 =
 4 
 for the potential in the field of a point charge

 recall and use the equation
 
 =
 4 
 for the electrostatic potential energy for point charges

 recognize and understand the analogy between certain qualitative and
 quantitative aspects of electric fields and gravitational fields

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11. ELECTROMAGNETISM

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Magnetic Fields understand that a magnetic field is an example of a field of force produced
 either by current-carrying conductors or by permanent magnets

 represent a magnetic field by field lines

 Force on a appreciate that a force might act on a current-carrying conductor placed in a
 current carrying magnetic field
 conductor
 recall and solve problems using the equation F = BIL sinθ, with directions as
 interpreted by Fleming’s left-hand rule

 define magnetic flux density and the tesla

 understand how the force on a current-carrying conductor can be used to
 measure the flux density of a magnetic field using a current balance

 Force on a predict the direction of the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field
 moving charge
 recall and solve problems using F = BQv sinθ

 BI
 derive the VH = expression for the Hall voltage, where t = thickness
 ntq

 describe and analyse the deflection of beams of charged particles by uniform
 electric and uniform magnetic fields

 explain how electric and magnetic fields can be used in velocity selection

 Magnetic fields sketch flux patterns due to a long straight wire, a flat circular coil and a long
 due to currents solenoid

 understand that the field due to a solenoid is influenced by the presence of a
 ferrous core

 explain the forces between current-carrying conductors and predict the
 direction of the forces

 describe and compare the forces on mass, charge and current in gravitational,
 electric and magnetic fields, as appropriate

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Laws of define magnetic flux and the weber
 electromagnetic
 induction recall and use Φ = BA

 define magnetic flux linkage

 infer from appropriate experiments on electromagnetic induction:
 • that a changing magnetic flux can induce an e.m.f. in a circuit
 • that the direction of the induced e.m.f. opposes the change producing it
 • the factors affecting the magnitude of the induced e.m.f.

 recall and solve problems using Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
 and Lenz’s law

 ∆( )
 recall and use = −
 ∆

 explain techniques and procedures to investigate magnetic flux and explain
 applications of electromagnetic induction

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12. ALTERNATING CURRENTS

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Characteristics understand and use the terms period, frequency, peak value and root-mean-
 of alternating square value as applied to an alternating current or voltage
 currents
 deduce that the mean power in a resistive load is half the maximum power for
 a sinusoidal alternating current

 represent a sinusoidally alternating current or voltage by an equation of the
 form x = x0 sin ωt or x = x0 cos ωt

 distinguish between r.m.s. and peak values and recall and use the
 relationships = and = for the sinusoidal case
 √ √

 recall and use the relationship between instantaneous power and peak power
 in an a.c. circuit P = P0 sin2 ωt or P = P0 cos2 ωt

 Transformers understand the principle of operation of a simple laminated iron-cored
 transformer

 recall and use = = for an ideal transformer

 understand the sources of energy loss in a practical transformer

 Transmission of appreciate the practical and economic advantages of alternating current and of
 electrical energy high voltages for the transmission of electrical energy

 calculate energy losses in power lines

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13. CAPACITANCE

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Capacitors and define capacitance and the farad, as applied to both isolated conductors and to
 capacitance parallel plate capacitors

 recall and use =

 recall and use = and = for a parallel plate capacitor

 recall and use a formula for the combined capacitance of two or more
 capacitors in series to solve problems

 recall and use a formula for the combined capacitance of two or more
 capacitors in parallel to solve problems

 Energy stored in deduce from the area under a potential-charge graph and recall and use the
 a capacitor equations
 = and = 

 Charging and analyse graphs of the variation with time of potential difference, charge and
 discharging a current for a capacitor charging or discharging through a resistor
 capacitor
 recall and use τ = RC for the time constant for a capacitor charging or
 discharging through a resistor
 –(t / RC) –(t / RC)
 use equations of the form x = x0 e or x = x0 (1− e ) where x could
 represent current, charge or potential difference for a capacitor charging or
 discharging through a resistor

 recall and use 0.69 RC as the half time and 5 RC as an approximation to
 estimate effective charging and discharging times

 Rectification distinguish graphically between half-wave and full-wave rectification

 explain the use of a single diode for the half-wave rectification of an alternating
 current

 explain the use of four diodes (bridge rectifier) for the full-wave rectification of
 an alternating current

 analyse the effect of a single capacitor in smoothing, including the effect of the
 value of capacitance in relation to the load resistance

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Reactance of Understand the operation of an inductor in both d.c. and a.c. circuits
 capacitors and
 inductors define inductance and the henry

 recall and use = − ∆
 ∆

 recall and use the relationship for the magnetic energy stored in an inductor
 = 

 recall and use the relationships between current and potential difference in
 inductors and capacitors
 = and = and =

 recall and use the equations for reactance of capacitors and inductors
 1
 =
 2π 
 = 2π 

 understand the phase difference in LR and CR circuits

 appreciate that in a circuit of pure capacitance the current leads the potential
 difference by π/2 radian and in a circuit of pure inductance the potential
 difference leads the current by π/2 radian

 recall and use the equation
 1
 =
 2π√ 
 for the resonant frequency of an LC circuit

 appreciate that in an LC circuit energy continuously transfers back and forth
 between the inductor and capacitor. This is analogous to a mass-spring
 system.

 recall and use the relationships for the energy stored in the oscillating system
 = + 

 recall and use the relationship for the impedance of an RCL circuit in series
 = + ( − )

 appreciate that there exists a phase angle (phase difference) between ε the
 e.m.f. and VR VL and VC in an RCL series circuit

 recall and use the equations for phase angle φ in an RCL circuit:
 − 
 =
 
 − 
 =
 
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14. TEMPERATURE

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Thermal appreciate that (thermal) energy is transferred from a region of higher
 equilibrium temperature to a region of lower temperature

 understand that regions of equal temperature are in thermal equilibrium

 Temperature understand that a physical property that varies with temperature may be used
 scales for the measurement of temperature and state examples of such properties

 understand that the scale of thermodynamic temperature does not depend on
 the property of any particular substance

 understand that the lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin on the
 thermodynamic temperature scale and that this is known as absolute zero

 convert temperatures measured in kelvin to degrees Celsius and recall that
 T / K = T / °C + 273

 Specific heat explain using a simple kinetic model for matter:
 capacity and • the structure of solids, liquids and gases
 specific latent • why melting and boiling take place without a change in temperature
 heat • why a cooling effect accompanies evaporation

 define and use specific heat capacity

 define and use specific latent heat and distinguish between specific latent heat
 of fusion and specific latent heat of vaporisation

 explain why the specific latent heat of vaporisation is higher than the specific
 latent heat of fusion for the same substance

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15. IDEAL GASES

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 The mole understand that amount of substance is an SI base quantity with the
 base unit mol

 use molar quantities where one mole of any substance is the amount
 containing a number of particles of that substance equal to the Avogadro
 constant NA

 Equation of understand that a gas obeying pV ∝ T, where T is the thermodynamic
 state temperature, is known as an ideal gas

 recall and use the equation of state for an ideal gas as pV = nRT, where
 n = amount of substance (number of moles) and pV = NkT, where N = number
 of molecules

 recall that the Boltzmann constant k is given by k = R / NA

 Kinetic theory of state the basic assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases:
 gases • particles occupy no volume
 • all collisions are elastic
 • there are no forces between particles until they collide

 understand that a model will begin to break down when the assumptions on
 which it is based are no longer valid, and explain why this applies to kinetic
 theory at very high pressures or very high or very low temperatures

 explain how molecular movement causes the pressure exerted by a gas and
 1
 derive and use the relationship pV = Nm , where is the mean
 3
 square speed (a simple model considering one-dimensional collisions and then
 1
 extending to three dimensions using = is sufficient)
 3

 understand that the root-mean-square speed cr.m.s. is given by √< > and
 calculate the root-mean-square speed for particles in a gas

 1
 compare pV = Nm with pV = NkT to deduce that the average
 3
 3
 translational kinetic energy of a molecule is kT
 2

 3
 recall and use E = kT
 2

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New Uzbekistan University Admission Test 2021

16. THERMODYNAMICS

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Internal energy understand that internal energy is determined by the state of the system and
 that it can be expressed as the sum of a random distribution of kinetic and
 potential energies associated with the molecules of a system

 relate a rise in temperature of a body to an increase in its internal energy

 The first law of recall and use W = p∆V for the work done when the volume of a gas changes
 thermodynamics at constant pressure and understand the difference between the work done by
 the gas and the work done on the gas

 recall and use the first law of thermodynamics ΔU = ΔQ + ΔW expressed in
 terms of the increase in internal energy, the heating of the system (energy
 transferred to the system by heating) and the work done on the system

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New Uzbekistan University Admission Test 2021

17. QUANTUM PHYSICS

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Energy of a appreciate the particulate nature of electromagnetic radiation
 photon
 recall and use E = hf

 recall 1 eV = 1.60 x 10-19 J

 Photoelectric understand that the photoelectric effect provides evidence for a particulate
 emission of nature of electromagnetic radiation while phenomena
 electrons such as interference and diffraction provide evidence for a wave nature

 recall the significance of threshold frequency

 explain photoelectric phenomena in terms of photon energy and work function
 energy

 explain why the maximum photoelectric energy is independent of intensity,
 whereas the photoelectric current is proportional to intensity

 1
 recall, use and explain the significance of hf = Φ + mv 2max
 2

 describe and interpret qualitatively the evidence provided by electron
 diffraction for the wave nature of particles

 Wave-particle recall and use the relation for the De Broglie wavelength λ = h/p
 duality
 show an understanding of the existence of discrete electron energy levels in
 isolated atoms (e.g. atomic hydrogen) and deduce how this leads to spectral
 lines

 Energy levels in distinguish between emission and absorption line spectra
 atoms and line
 spectra recall and use the relation hf = E1 – E2

 show an understanding of the hydrogen line spectrum, photons and energy
 levels as represented by the Lyman, Balmer and Paschen series

 recall and use the energy levels of the hydrogen atom as described by the
 . eV
 empirical equation = where n is the energy level

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New Uzbekistan University Admission Test 2021

18. PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Atoms, nuclei infer from the results of the α-particle scattering experiment the existence and
 and radiation small size of the nucleus

 describe a simple model for the nuclear atom to include protons, neutrons and
 orbital electrons

 distinguish between nucleon number and proton number

 understand that an element can exist in various isotopic forms, each with a
 different number of neutrons

 use the usual notation for the representation of nuclides

 appreciate that nucleon number, proton number, and mass-energy are all
 conserved in nuclear processes

 show an understanding of the nature and properties of α-, β- and γ-radiations
 (both β – and β+ are included)

 state that (electron) antineutrinos and (electron) neutrinos are produced during
 β – and β+ decay

 Fundamental appreciate that protons and neutrons are not fundamental particles since they
 particles consist of quarks

 describe a simple quark model of hadrons in terms of up, down and strange
 quarks and their respective antiquarks

 describe protons and neutrons in terms of a simple quark model

 appreciate that there is a weak interaction between quarks, giving rise to
 β decay

 describe β – and β+ decay in terms of a simple quark model

 appreciate that electrons and neutrinos are leptons

 recall that baryon numbers and lepton numbers are conserved in nuclear
 transformations

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New Uzbekistan University Admission Test 2021

Mass defect and show an appreciation of the association between energy and mass as
 2
 nuclear binding represented by E = mc and recall and use this relationship
 energy
 represent simple nuclear reactions by nuclear equations

 define and understand the terms mass defect and binding energy

 sketch the variation of binding energy per nucleon with nucleon number

 explain what is meant by nuclear fusion and nuclear fission

 explain the relevance of binding energy per nucleon to nuclear fusion and to
 nuclear fission

 Radioactive infer the random nature of radioactive decay from the fluctuations in count rate
 decay
 show an appreciation of the spontaneous and random nature of nuclear decay

 define the terms activity and decay constant and recall and use A = λN

 infer and sketch the exponential nature of radioactive decay and recall and use
 –λt
 the relationship x = x0e , where x could represent activity, number of
 undecayed nuclei or received count rate

 define and use the term half-life

 .
 recall and use the relationship = =

 –λt
 recall and use the relationship I = x0e as applied to attenuation losses

 recall that radiation emitted from a point source and travelling through a non-
 absorbing material obeys an inverse square law and use this to solve problems

 estimate the size of a nucleus from the distance of closest approach of a
 charged particle

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New Uzbekistan University Admission Test 2021

19. ASTRONOMY AND COSMOLOGY

 Content area Candidates may be tested on their ability to:

 Standard understand the term luminosity as the total power of radiation emitted by a star
 candles
 recall and use the inverse square law for radiant flux intensity F in terms of the
 luminosity L of the source F = L / (4πd 2)

 understand that an object of known luminosity is called a standard candle

 understand the use of standard candles to determine distances to galaxies

 recall
 • 1 astronomical unit (AU) = 1.5 × 1011 m
 • 1 light year (ly) = 9.5 × 1015 m
 • 1 parsec (pc) = 3.1 × 1016 m

 Stellar radii recall and use Wien’s displacement law λmax ∝ 1 / T to estimate the peak
 surface temperature of a star
 2 4
 recall and use the Stefan–Boltzmann law L = 4πσr T

 use Wien’s displacement law and the Stefan–Boltzmann law to estimate the
 radius of a star

 Hubble’s law understand that the lines in the emission spectra from distant objects show an
 and the Big increase in wavelength from their known values
 Bang theory
 ∆ ∆
 recall and use ≈ ≈ for the redshift of electromagnetic radiation from a
 source moving relative to an observer

 explain why redshift leads to the idea that the Universe is expanding

 recall and use Hubble’s law v = H0d and explain how this leads to the
 Big Bang theory

 derive an estimate for the age of the Universe by recalling and using the
 Hubble time t = 1 / H0 where H0 may have units of s-1 or km s-1 Mpc-1

 Special relativity recall and explain the two postulates of the special theory of relativity

 recall and use the factor 1− for time dilation and length contraction and
 apply the factor to muons

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New Uzbekistan University Admission Test 2021

4 Rules for selecting candidates for admission
 There are more applicants wanting to be admitted to the mechanical engineering and chemical
 engineering course than there are places available. The purpose of the admission tests is to
 select applicants for entry to their chosen course from all applicants who apply. This section of the
 document explains the rules for selecting applicants.

 Rank ordering of applicants
 Applicants for each course will take a pair of admissions tests. Applicants for mechanical
 engineering will take a physics test and a mathematics test. Applicants for chemical engineering
 will take a chemistry test and a mathematics test. The mathematics test will be the same test
 irrespective of the course applied for. The maximum combined score for each pair of tests is 120
 marks.

 To select who will be admitted for the course they applied for, applicants taking the same pair of
 admissions tests will be placed in a rank order using their combined scores from both admissions
 tests. Applicants for mechanical engineering will be treated separately from applicants for
 chemical engineering with one rank order created for each course. There will be 120 places in
 each rank order, corresponding to the maximum number of marks available for the pair of tests.
 Applicants with the highest combined test score will placed at the top of the rank order with lower
 scoring applicants being placed further down the order. Applicants with the same combined test
 score will be put at the same place in the rank order.

 Awarding places using the rank order
 Places on each course will be awarded to the applicants at the top of their rank order, working
 down the order until all the places are filled. The rank order score at which all the places are filled
 is called the ‘cut-off score’. There are likely to be more applicants at the cut-off score than there
 are places left on the course. Applicants at the cut-off score will be subject to further filtering to
 choose which of them will be selected for the course.

 Selecting applicants at the cut-off score
 Three criteria, based on admissions test scores, will be used to filter applicants at the cut-off
 score, while a fourth filter uses applicants’ scores on a language test.

 Filter 1 uses either an applicant’s total score on the physics test or their total score on the
 chemistry test, depending on which test they took. Applicants will be placed into a rank order
 using these scores. Remaining places on the course will be awarded starting at the top of the rank
 order, until all places on the course are filled. The point at which all the places are filled is the
 Filter 1 cut-off score. If there are more applicants at the Filter 1 cut-off score than there are places
 on the course, applicants at this score in the rank order will be subject to further filtering.

 Filter 2 ranks applicants by their admissions test score on selected topics. The topics for physics
 are:
 • Deformation of solids
 • Electricity
 • Oscillations
 • Gravitational fields
 • Electromagnetism
 • Alternating currents
 • Capacitance
 • Ideal gases
 • Thermodynamics.
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New Uzbekistan University Admission Test 2021

The same method used for Filter 1 will be used to select applicants using Filter 2. If there are
 more applicants than places available on the course at the Filter 2 cut-off score, applicants at this
 score in the rank order will be subject to further filtering.

 Filter 3 ranks applicants by their score on Section B of the mathematics test. The same method
 used for Filter 1 will be used to select applicants using Filter 3. If there are more applicants than
 places available on the course at the Filter 3 cut-off score, applicants at this score in the rank
 order will be subject to further filtering.

 Filter 4 ranks applicants by their score on these tests of English language proficiency:
 • IELTS Academic
 • TOEFL iBT
 • Duolingo.
 In order to place applicants into a rank order their language test score will be converted into a
 single scale. This scale does not indicate the equivalency of these tests and is only applicable to
 admission to either mechanical engineering or chemical engineering course in 2021 in
 Uzbekistan.

 Rank order score IELTS Academic score TOEFL iBT score Duolingo score
 1 8.0 and above 114 and above 146 and above
 2 7.5 103 134
 3 7.0 92 122
 4 6.5 81 110
 5 6.0 70 98

 The same method used for Filter 1 will be used to select applicants using Filter 4. If there are
 more applicants than places available on the course at the Filter 4 cut-off score then all applicants
 at this score will be accepted onto their chosen course.

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New Uzbekistan University Admission Test 2021